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Topic Review
Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
Duckweeds, or Lemnaceae, are widespread aquatic plants. Morphology-based identification of duckweed species is difficult because of their structural complexity. Hence, molecular tools provide significant advantages for characterizing and selecting species or clones for sustainable commercial use.
  • 870
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Hereditary Xanthinuria
Hereditary xanthinuria is a condition that most often affects the kidneys. It is characterized by high levels of a compound called xanthine and very low levels of another compound called uric acid in the blood and urine.
  • 869
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Larsen Syndrome
Larsen syndrome is a disorder that affects the development of bones throughout the body. The signs and symptoms of Larsen syndrome vary widely even within the same family.
  • 869
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Char Syndrome
Char syndrome is a condition that affects the development of the face, heart, and limbs. It is characterized by a combination of three major features: a distinctive facial appearance, a heart defect called patent ductus arteriosus, and hand abnormalities.
  • 869
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Autosomal Dominant Hyper-IgE Syndrome
Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), formerly known as Job syndrome, is a condition that affects several body systems, particularly the immune system. Recurrent infections are common in people with this condition. Affected individuals tend to have frequent bouts of pneumonia, which are caused by certain kinds of bacteria that infect the lungs and cause inflammation. Inflammation is a normal immune system response to injury and foreign invaders (such as bacteria). However, excessive inflammation can damage body tissues. Recurring pneumonia often results in the formation of air-filled cysts (pneumatoceles) in the lungs. Frequent skin infections and an inflammatory skin disorder called eczema are also very common in AD-HIES. These skin problems cause rashes, blisters, accumulations of pus (abscesses), open sores, and scaling.
  • 869
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FBN1 Gene
Fibrillin 1: The FBN1 gene provides instructions for making a large protein called fibrillin-1. 
  • 869
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FGF23 Gene
Fibroblast growth factor 23
  • 869
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
MMP2 Gene
matrix metallopeptidase 2
  • 868
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Jackson-Weiss Syndrome
Jackson-Weiss syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by foot abnormalities and the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis).
  • 868
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease
Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is a disorder that causes persistent inflammation and tissue damage primarily affecting the nervous system, skin, and joints. Recurrent episodes of mild fever may also occur in this disorder.
  • 868
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Legius Syndrome
Legius syndrome is a condition characterized by changes in skin coloring (pigmentation).
  • 868
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency
Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency is a genetic condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. Signs and symptoms of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency usually begin before age 2 but can appear later in mildly affected individuals.
  • 868
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
SOS1 Gene
SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1
  • 868
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Niemann–Pick Disease
Niemann–Pick Disease (NPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease belonging to lysosomal storage disorders. Three types of NPD have been described: NPD type A, B, and C. NPD type A and B are caused by mutations in the gene SMPD1 coding for sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, with a consequent lack of acid sphingomyelinase activity. These diseases have been thus classified as acid sphingomyelinase deficiencies (ASMDs). NPD type C is a neurologic disorder due to mutations in the genes NPC1 or NPC2, causing a defect of cholesterol trafficking and esterification. Although all three types of NPD can manifest with pulmonary involvement, lung disease occurs more frequently in NPD type B, typically with interstitial lung disease, recurrent pulmonary infections, and respiratory failure.
  • 868
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly is a disorder that affects many parts of the body.
  • 867
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
EDN3 Gene
Endothelin 3: The EDN3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called endothelin 3. 
  • 867
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
STXBP1 Encephalopathy
STXBP1 encephalopathy is a condition characterized by abnormal brain function (encephalopathy) and intellectual disability. Most affected individuals also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy).
  • 867
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome
Schwartz-Jampel syndrome is a rare condition characterized by permanent muscle stiffness (myotonia) and bone abnormalities known as chondrodysplasia.
  • 867
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TPM3 Gene
Tropomyosin 3: The TPM3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called slow muscle alpha (α)-tropomyosin, which is part of the tropomyosin protein family. 
  • 867
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TPMT Gene
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase: The TPMT gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT).
  • 867
  • 25 Dec 2020
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