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Topic Review
Key Compounds for Management of Seedborne Pathogens
Seedborne pathogens represent a critical issue for successful agricultural production worldwide. Seed treatment with plant protection products constitutes one of the first options useful for reducing seed infection or contamination and preventing disease spread. Basic substances are regulated in the EU according to criteria presented in Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. Basic substances and potential basic substances are a useful tool  be used for seed treatment as a safe and ecological alternative to synthetic pesticides against the major seedborne pathogens of crops.
  • 512
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Mammalian Tribbles Interactomes
Tribbles proteins play various roles in cancer initiation and progression. However, still little is known about their molecular actions. Here we developed a mass spectrometry-based approach to study the Tribbles interactomes, allowing us to discover new interactors and functions that might help to understand their behavior better. Our proteomics data highlight the ability of TRIB3 to interact with transcription regulatory proteins and point to a new role in gene repression. Systematic analyses like these will help to evaluate the potential of Tribbles proteins as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 
  • 509
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Precision Genome-Editing Tools Successfully Used in Livestock
Genome editing of farm animals has undeniable practical applications. It helps to improve production traits, enhances the economic value of livestock, and increases disease resistance. Gene-modified animals are also used for biomedical research and drug production and demonstrate the potential to be used as xenograft donors for humans.
  • 504
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Milk Production Performance in Periparturient Dairy Cattle
For dairy cattle to perform well throughout and following lactations, precise dietary control during the periparturient phase is crucial. The primary issues experienced by periparturient dairy cows include issues like decreased dry matter intake (DMI), a negative energy balance, higher levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the ensuing inferior milk output. Dairy cattle have always been fed a diet high in crude protein (CP) to produce the most milk possible. Despite the vital function that dairy cows play in the conversion of dietary CP into milk, a sizeable percentage of nitrogen is inevitably expelled, which raises serious environmental concerns. To reduce nitrogen emissions and their production, lactating dairy cows must receive less CP supplementation. Supplementing dairy cattle with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and choline (RPC) has proven to be a successful method for improving their ability to use nitrogen, regulate their metabolism, and produce milk. The detrimental effects of low dietary protein consumption on the milk yield, protein yield, and dry matter intake may be mitigated by these nutritional treatments. In metabolic activities like the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and methylation reactions, RPM and RPC are crucial players. Methionine, a limiting amino acid, affects the production of milk protein and the success of lactation in general. According to the existing data in the literature, methionine supplementation has a favorable impact on the pathways that produce milk. Similarly, choline is essential for DNA methylation, cell membrane stability, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, RPC supplementation during the transition phase improves dry matter intake, postpartum milk yield, and fat-corrected milk (FCM) production.
  • 498
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Influence factor of Biochar Functions in Soil
Biochar effects are strongly dependent on its properties. Biochar improves physical soil properties by decreasing bulk density and increasing medium and large aggregates, leading to faster and deeper water infiltration and root growth. Improvement of the chemical properties of soil is connected with pH neutralization of acidic soils, increase of cation exchange capacity and base saturation, providing a larger surface for sorption of toxicants and exchange of cations. Biochar increases the stocks of macro- and micronutrients in soil and remains sufficient for decades.
  • 498
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Comparative Characteristics of Various Cereals in Relation to Fodder Value, Antinutrients and Use for Poultry Feeding
The primary ingredients in poultry feed, cereals, are among the most widely used crops in worldwide agriculture, with principal staples being wheat, rice, corn (maize), sorghum, barley, oat and millet. The scope of this review is to provide a detailed comparative analysis of the nutritive values of cereal crops, and the antinutrients they contain, with reference specifically to their use for feeding poultry. These cereal crops range in biological value from 55 to 77.7%, in protein digestibility from 77 to 99.7%, and in net protein utilization from 50 to 73.8%. Most essential amino acids, including lysine, are found in cereal grains, whereas the nutritional value of cereals is impacted by antinutritional elements. These include non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), such as pentosans (arabinoxylans) and β-glucan, as well as alkylresorcinols. Around 100 g/kg of pentosans are found in rye, 50–80 g/kg in wheat and 68–92 g/kg in triticale. There are strategies to reduce NSPs and other antinutrients and maximize the effectiveness of utilizing grains in compound feed for poultry. These include the application of enzyme preparations, along with dry and wet extrusion methods, for processing grains. By restricting our narrative to a direct comparison of all major staples for poultry feed, we conclude that further research is required specifically in the area of determining how economically viable it is to feed adult and young chickens with compound feeds containing various cereal crops. Furthermore, we speculate on the utility of employing enzyme preparations and extrudates to maximize feed efficiency.
  • 492
  • 13 May 2025
Topic Review
A Polyherbal Mixture with Nutraceutical Properties for Ruminants
BioCholine Powder is a polyherbal feed additive composed of Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Azadirachta indica, and Citrullus colocynthis. 
  • 480
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Feeding Value of Grain Legumes
Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. Four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value are focused.
  • 469
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ionic Selenium and Nanoselenium in Plant Metabolism
Selenium (Se) is an essential element in mammals; however, there is frequently an insufficient intake due to several factors. Different techniques have been used to deal with this problem, such as plant biofortification with Se in its ionic forms and at the nanoscale. Additionally, despite the fact that Se is not considered an essential element in plants, it has been shown to stimulate (through still unknown mechanisms) plant metabolism, causing an increase in the synthesis of molecules with reducing power, including enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, vitamins and chlorophylls.
  • 462
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Plant and Soil Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
Rhizobacteria that support plant growth are known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). It is believed that the use of microbes as bioinoculants, used together with chemical fertilisers, is the best strategy to increase plant growth and soil fertility. In sustainable agriculture, these microbes bring significant benefits to crops. In addition to colonising plant systems (epiphytes, endophytes and rhizospheres), beneficial microbes play a key role in the uptake of nutrients from surrounding ecosystems.
  • 442
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies in Dairy Farming
In the pursuit of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dairy farming, a combination of innovative practices, technological advancements, and supportive policy initiatives plays a pivotal role. Addressing the emissions from this sector is crucial for mitigating climate change impacts given the significant contribution of dairy farming to global GHG emissions, particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O).
  • 433
  • 06 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hair Cell Loss in a Neonate Harbor Seal
Congenital hearing loss (i.e., hearing impairment present at birth) is recognized in humans and other terrestrial species, but there is a lack of information on congenital malformations and associated hearing loss in pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses). Baseline knowledge on marine mammal inner ear malformations is essential to differentiate between congenital and acquired abnormalities, which may be caused by infectious agents, age, or anthropogenic interactions, such as noise exposure.
  • 411
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Early-Life Cecal Microbiota Transplantation in Chickens
Injurious behaviors (i.e., aggressive pecking, feather pecking, and cannibalism) in laying hens are a critical issue facing the egg industry due to increased social stress and related health and welfare issues as well as economic losses. In humans, stress-induced dysbiosis increases gut permeability, releasing various neuroactive factors, causing neuroinflammation and related neuropsychiatric disorders via the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and consequently increasing the frequency and intensity of aggression and violent behaviors. Restoration of the imbalanced gut microbial composition has become a novel treatment strategy for mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, impulsivity, and compulsivity. A similar function of modulating gut microbial composition following stress challenge may be present in egg-laying chickens. 
  • 407
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Gooty Sapphire Tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica)
The Gooty Sapphire Tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica) is a vividly blue, arboreal spider belonging to the family Theraphosidae. Endemic to a small forested region in southern India, it is renowned for its striking iridescent coloration and is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to its restricted range and habitat loss.
  • 372
  • 29 Oct 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Application of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Poultry Production and Impacts on Environment: A Review
As a consequence of the European Union introducing the prohibition of supplying antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in diets in 2006, antibiotic alternatives for poultry feed have become one of the most central issues. In general, probiotics and prebiotics are highly effective additives that improve host health and prevent pathogen colonization by modulating immune functions, altering the intestinal microecology, and enhancing digestion. However, the specific situations in which probiotics or prebiotics should be used still require further research. In addition, the advanced applications of probiotics and prebiotics, such as in ovo injection, also need to be investigated to improve the host performance. In the following review, we summarize various probiotic and prebiotic supplementation methods and compare the specific conditions for their use to improve poultry production management.
  • 218
  • 10 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Swidden Farming
Swidden farming, often referred to as slash-and-burn agriculture, is an agricultural practice involving the cutting down and burning of vegetation to clear land for crop cultivation. This method is characterized by the temporary use of plots of land, which are cultivated for a short period before being left fallow to restore soil fertility. Swidden farming is most commonly associated with tropical forest ecosystems, where its ecological and socio-economic implications have been extensively studied. Despite its historical significance in small-scale agriculture, the practice has faced criticism due to its potential environmental consequences, including deforestation and loss of biodiversity. However, swidden farming remains an essential livelihood for many rural communities worldwide.
  • 141
  • 08 Aug 2025
Topic Review
CropSyst
CropSyst (Cropping Systems Simulation Model) is a multi-year, multi-crop, daily time step simulation model designed to analyze the effect of cropping systems management on productivity and the environment. Developed by the Department of Biological Systems Engineering at Washington State University, CropSyst simulates the biophysical processes governing crop growth, water and nitrogen balance, and soil erosion under various agricultural practices and climate scenarios.
  • 140
  • 07 Aug 2025
Topic Review
New Possibilities in Biofertilizer Application Techniques
The term “Biofertilizer”, also named as bioinoculants or bioformulations, encompasses organic products comprising beneficial microorganisms, either in their active or inactive forms, able to colonize the rhizosphere or the internal tissues of plants. These microorganisms enhance a plant’s ability to uptake essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, promoting nutrient availability and uptake capacity, which results in increased crop yields. Thus, biofertilizers have been suggested as a safe and eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. Legal regulations and social environmental concerns are converging towards the promotion of more sustainable agriculture based on organic compounds and soil preservation. 
  • 29
  • 24 Feb 2026
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