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Topic Review
Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Teachers
Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is a major health problem, which can lead to an enormous burden to the institution as well as chronic disability to the individual. Teachers are at risk of developing MSD due to the exposure to various ergonomic risk factors. Teachers of special education, for example, are expected to perform extra duty such as lifting and moving students, feeding food, changing diapers, and helping them in ambulation. The prevalence of MSD among regular teachers ranges from 48.7% to 73.7%, while the prevalence ranges from 38.7% to 94% in special education teachers. The MSD most commonly affects the shoulder, lower back, neck, and wrist. A growing body of evidence shows that MSD is significantly associated with the teachers’ individual, physical, and psychosocial factors. Individual factors related to MSD include age, duration of teaching experience, working hours, nap time, teaching burden, and partner. Physical factors, such as awkward posture, frequent lifting, carrying, transferring, toileting, changing diapers, rehabilitation, and feeding, have been proven to increase the risk of MSD. Perceived stress, fatigue, psychological distress, and depression have been identified as psychosocial risk factors. It is recommended to implement ergonomically designed workplaces, comprehensive ergonomic training, psychological approaches, and functional training among teachers at risk.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Arboviral Disease Outbreaks in the Pacific Islands Countries
Arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) diseases are a significant global health problem accounting for >17% of all infectious disease cases and 1 million deaths worldwide annually. Arboviral diseases are infections caused by over 100 viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Reoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families. These viruses are spread to humans through arthropods, including mosquitos, ticks, and flies.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Continuing Professional Training or Development in Maintaining Employment
Employee exit from the labor market is influenced by various factors, such as personal, work, and organizational factors. Age is a key factor that affects the risk of disability retirement, which is higher among older workers, and the intention to quit the current job, which is lower among older workers. Education level also plays a role, as workers with lower education are more likely to leave the labor force due to disability, unemployment, or early retirement.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Sunscreen-Derived Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Aquatic Environments
The active ultraviolet filters (UVFs) in sunscreens can be organic or inorganic and can reflect and scatter UVR, which protects human skin from direct sunlight radiation. However, sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs are considered to be emerging contaminants; in particular, nZnO and nTiO2 UVFs have been shown to undergo absorption and bioaccumulation, release metal ions, and generate reactive oxygen species, which cause negative effects on aquatic organisms.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Scientific Production on Health Literacy and Health Education
There has been an emphasis on the importance of health literacy (HL) and health education (HE) as basic tools to empower individuals and the community. The increasing interest in HL and HE has been observed through the evolution of publications and the nature of the main trends in the last few years. Knowing how HL and HE have evolved in scientific publications can help to identify trends and set  priorities in this scope.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Social Robots for the Therapy of Communication Disorders
There has been a growing interest in the use of innovative technology in Speech and Language Therapy (SLT). Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) have drawn significant attention in the field of speech and language therapy. While initial results have been promising, further exploration is needed to fully understand the potential and usefulness of SARs in the SLT. It has been observed that the robots provide effective and engaging therapy experiences for children and adolescents with different communication disorders. 
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Sanitizing Treatments on Respirator Filtration Performance
Disposable respirator masks with an accepted performance rating are seriously compromised from an exposure to saturated alcoholic vapours, can tolerate a one-off spray treatment with an alcoholic solution and retain their attested protection under the influence of alcoholic vapours from the use of hand sanitizer or spray sanitizer.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Integrating Environment with Health
With the increasing challenge of addressing environmental health issues, various approaches have been proposed to reduce environmental problems. For Muslims all over the world, the Qur’an, Hadith, and Sunnah are recognised as the authoritative messages for spiritual and behavioural guidance on how humans can react to protect the environment and health.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Bisphenol A in Foodstuffs
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized to manufacture plastics for Food Contact Materials (FCMs) or resins for the inside of food containers. Since it was recognized as an Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical (EDC), its implications in pathologies, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, immune system alterations, and developmental and mental disorders, have been widely documented. Diet is considered the main source of exposure for humans to BPA. Consequently, continuous monitoring of the levels of BPA in foods is necessary to assess the risk associated with its consumption in one’s diet. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Health Effects of Radiation Exposure
Computed tomography (CT) exposes patients to hazardous ionizing radiation, which carry the risk to damage the genetic material in the cells, leading to stochastic health effects in the form of heritable genetic mutations and increased cancer risk. These probabilistic, long-term carcinogenic effects of radiation can be seen over a lifetime and may sometimes take several decades to manifest. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Metabolomics Meets Nutritional Epidemiology
Metabolomics is one of the most complex omics tools; the added complexity stems from the fact that there is not one set of metabolites making up the metabolome. Indeed, the metabolome is highly dynamic and diverse with metabolites originating external to the host and metabolites that are synthesised endogenously. This added complexity means that the metabolome can be informative both regarding external exposures including dietary intake and on the metabolic phenotype.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Work-Related Burnout among Corporate Employees
Work is an essential part of our daily life. It has been estimated that on average, full-time workers in OECD countries spend about 37% of their time working in a normal day.  Burnout is classified as an occupational phenomenon, not as a medical condition, in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). It is defined as: ”a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed”.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Noise Levels in University Dental Clinic
Noise levels in a dental office can be produced by different specialty instruments. Exposure to high levels of noise (unwanted sounds) may cause auditory and non-auditory health problems in dentists.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Comparison of Road Noise Policies
Developing innovative noise policies that build on international best practices is difficult when policies around the world differ along many dimensions, ranging from different sources covered to different levels of governance involved. This is particularly critical in the context of road traffic, identified as one of the main culprits leading to noise-associated complaints and health issues. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cleaning in Times of Pandemic
Cleaning services are a transversal activity that guarantees the proper functioning and conditions of safety, hygiene, and health across all economic sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the need for clean, sanitary spaces, particularly in health services and other areas with a large number of people. The workers in these services were often placed on the frontline without any specific training or information. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Techno-Stress and Psychological Detachment in Workload and Well-Being
Psychological detachment is a protective factor to cope with excessive job demands. It refers to the ability to psychologically disengage from work when away from the workplace to recover depleted resources. A high workload can hinder psychological detachment, especially in high autonomy and flexibility conditions, forcing workers to remain mentally tied to work.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Shift Work Disorder
Shift work disorder (SWD), which is characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness related with shift work, is one of the most common health problems in shift workers. Shift work disorder causes insomnia, fatigue, worse work performance, an increased likelihood of accidents, and a poor quality of life. In addition, SWD is associated with decreased productivity and increased economic costs. The correct management of SWD is important to prevent sleep disturbances and maintain work performance in shift workers. To diagnose and evaluate SWD, it is necessary to take detailed medical histories, assess the severity of sleep disturbances, and evaluate shift workers’ sleep using a sleep diary and actigraphy. The work-fitness evaluation should include recommendations on how shift workers can reduce their sleep disturbances and increase work performance, as well as the assessment of work performance. This paper reviews previous research on the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of SWD and summarizes the work-fitness evaluation of SWD.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Headaches
Non-pharmacological treatments - such as behavioral treatmetns, nutraceuticals and non-invasive neurostimulation - are becoming increasingly used to overcome side effects or drug interactions which can make pharmacological management of headache disorders very difficult. Non-pharmacological treatments are in fact well tolerated and indicated for specific patient categories such as adolescents and pregnant women. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Air-Pollution on Disease Initiation
      Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and a global public health concern. In 2016, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), ambient air pollution in cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths. It is estimated that around 91% of the world’s population lives in places where air pollution exceeds the limits recommended by the WHO. Sources of air pollution are multiple and context-specific. Air pollution exposures are established risk factors for development and adverse health outcomes in many respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lung cancer. However, possible associations between air pollution and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have not been adequately studied and air pollution seems to be an underrecognized risk factor for IPF.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Deforestation, Urbanization, and Mosquito and Tick-Borne Diseases
Central America is a unique geographical region that connects North and South America, enclosed by the Caribbean Sea to the East, and the Pacific Ocean to the West. This region, encompassing Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, and Nicaragua, is highly vulnerable to the emergence or resurgence of mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases due to a combination of key ecological and socioeconomic determinants acting together, often in a synergistic fashion. Of particular interest are the effects of land use changes, such as deforestation-driven urbanization and forest degradation, on the incidence and prevalence of these diseases, which are not well understood. In recent years, parts of Central America have experienced social and economic improvements; however, the region still faces major challenges in developing effective strategies and significant investments in public health infrastructure to prevent and control these diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2021
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