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Topic Review
Scleroderma (morphea) en Coup de Sabre
Scleroderma (morphea) en coup de sabre is a localized subtype restricted to the frontoparietal region of the head. Localized scleroderma/morphea en coup de sabre (LScs) is a rare form of localized scleroderma that typically affects predominantly children and women. It manifests by presence of linear atrophy and/or hardening of the skin, subcutis, occasionally involving muscles and bones. The early phase lesions appear as an erythematous or violaceous linear indurated mild atrophic plaque and subsequently lesions progress to hypopigmented or depigmented sclerotic deep furrow. It usually starts at the level of the upper eyebrow ridge and reaches the scalp, where a cicatricial alopecia focus appears. There are known descriptions of patients with localized scleroderma en coup de sabre, in whom lesions spread below the eyebrows involving the eyelids, eyelashes, or the skin on the nose. The disease may manifest with ophthalmologic (deformation of eyelids, uveitis, episcleritis) and neurological (convulsions, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, vascular malformations) symptoms. In some cases neurological symptoms preceded the appearance of skin lesions. Parry Romberg syndrome (also known as progressive facial hemiatrophy), which is a distinct entity within craniofacial linear subtype involving subcutaneous tissue and bones, coexists in 20–40% of patients with en coup de sabre lesions.
  • 1.8K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality in Dentistry
Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality can represent a useful aids for Dentistry. Augmented Reality can be used to add digital data to real life clinical data. Clinicians can apply Virtual Reality for a digital wax-up that provides a pre-visualization of the final post treatment result. In addition, both these technologies may also be employed to eradicate dental phobia in patients and further enhance patient’s education. Similarly, they can be used to enhance communication between the dentist, patient, and technician. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics can also improve clinical practice. Artificial Intelligence is currently developed to improve dental diagnosis and provide more precise prognoses of dental diseases, whereas Robotics may be used to assist in daily practice. 
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory skin disease associated with physical and psychological burdens characterized by erythematic plaques with adherent shiny scales. 
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Embolic Agents
Minimally invasive endovascular embolization is a widely used clinical technique used for the occlusion of blood vessels to treat various diseases. Different occlusive agents ranging from gelatin foam to synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been commercially used for embolization. However, these agents have some drawbacks, such as undesired toxicity and unintended and uncontrolled occlusion. To overcome these issues, several polymer-based embolic systems are investigated, including biocompatible and biodegradable microspheres, gelling liquid embolic with controlled occlusive features, and trackable microspheres with enhanced safety profiles.
  • 1.8K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Buildings in Saudi Arabia
Sustainable building practices are a response to environmental issues. Businesses and industries are assessing how their activities affect the environment. The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industries have significant impacts on the environment and economy, while the industry is considered one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and has, therefore, been highlighted by researchers as a key area of intervention with a great potential to reduce environmental impacts. 
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bloc Party (Politics)
A bloc party (German: Blockpartei) in politics may refer to a political party that is a constituent member of an electoral bloc. However, this term also has a more specific meaning, referring to non-ruling but legal political parties in an authoritarian or totalitarian regime (most notably communist regimes) as auxiliary parties and members of a ruling coalition, differing such governments from pure one-party states such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, although such minor parties rarely if ever constitute opposition parties or alternative sources of power. Sometimes, a bloc party is called a satellite party.
  • 1.8K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
SIMD
Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) is a type of parallel processing in Flynn's taxonomy. SIMD can be internal (part of the hardware design) and it can be directly accessible through an instruction set architecture (ISA): it should not be confused with an ISA. SIMD describes computers with multiple processing elements that perform the same operation on multiple data points simultaneously. Such machines exploit data level parallelism, but not concurrency: there are simultaneous (parallel) computations, but each unit performs the exact same instruction at any given moment (just with different data). SIMD is particularly applicable to common tasks such as adjusting the contrast in a digital image or adjusting the volume of digital audio. Most modern CPU designs include SIMD instructions to improve the performance of multimedia use. SIMD has three different subcategories in Flynn's 1972 Taxonomy, one of which is SIMT. SIMT should not be confused with software threads or hardware threads, both of which are task time-sharing (time-slicing). SIMT is true simultaneous parallel hardware-level execution.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cylinder (Engine)
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving precision machine work. Cylinders may be sleeved (lined with a harder metal) or sleeveless (with a wear-resistant coating such as Nikasil). A sleeveless engine may also be referred to as a "parent-bore engine". A cylinder's displacement, or swept volume, can be calculated by multiplying its cross-sectional area (the square of half the bore by pi) by the distance the piston travels within the cylinder (the stroke). The engine displacement can be calculated by multiplying the swept volume of one cylinder by the number of cylinders. Presented symbolically, A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings fitted around its outside surface in machined grooves; typically two for compressional sealing and one to seal the oil. The rings make near contact with the cylinder walls (sleeved or sleeveless), riding on a thin layer of lubricating oil; essential to keep the engine from seizing and necessitating a cylinder wall's durable surface. During the earliest stage of an engine's life, its initial breaking-in or running-in period, small irregularities in the metals are encouraged to gradually form congruent grooves by avoiding extreme operating conditions. Later in its life, after mechanical wear has increased the spacing between the piston and the cylinder (with a consequent decrease in power output) the cylinders may be machined to a slightly larger diameter to receive new sleeves (where applicable) and piston rings, a process sometimes known as reboring.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Lazarus Phenomenon
Autoresuscitation is a phenomenon of the heart during which it can resume its spontaneous activity and generate circulation. It was described for the first time by K. Linko in 1982 as a recovery after discontinued cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). J.G. Bray named the recovery from death the Lazarus phenomenon in 1993. It is based on a biblical story of Jesus’ resurrection of Lazarus four days after confirmation of his death. Up to the end of 2022, 76 cases (coming from 27 countries) of spontaneous recovery after death were reported; among them, 10 occurred in children. The youngest patient was 9 months old, and the oldest was 97 years old. The longest resuscitation lasted 90 min, but the shortest was 6 min.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
NcRNAs with Regulatory Functions
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play prominent roles in the regulation of gene expression via their interactions with other biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
  • 1.8K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Direct Current Distribution System Configurations
The developments in renewable energy installations in buildings have highlighted the potential improvement in energy efficiency provided by direct current (DC) distribution over traditional alternating current (AC) distribution. Despite the progress and optimal efficiency of DC distribution system implementation, there is still no consensus on standardization and regulation. It has been shown that the DC system performance could vary in terms of efficiency depending on load profile, utilized renewable energy sources, and utility grid integration.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Mental Health of Czech University Psychology Students
High rates of mental health problems are a growing concern in Czech higher education, negatively impacting students’ performance and wellbeing. Despite the serious nature of poor mental health, students often do not seek help because of negative attitudes and shame over mental health problems. 
  • 1.8K
  • 09 May 2022
Topic Review
Sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Patients with sarcoidosis are characterized by lung predilection, and in some cases, the imaging features maybe similar to those of the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder characterized by diffusion of noncaseating and non-necrotizing granulomas, lungs are the most affected site even though no organ is spared.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors can treat type 2 diabetes by slowing GLP-1 degradation to increase insulin secretion. Studies have reported that Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Linum usita-tissimum (flaxseed), and Drymaria diandra, plants rich in Caryophyllaceae-type cyclopeptides and commonly used as herbal or dietary supplements, are effective in controlling blood sugar.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Panel Products Made of Oil Palm Trunk
Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. A lot of products, including food and other edible products, oleo-chemicals, cosmetics, personal and household care, pharmaceutical products, and biodiesels are derived from palm oil, thus making them one of the most economically important plants.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
Forensic Serology
Forensic serology is the detection, identification, classification, and study of various bodily fluids such as blood, semen, saliva, and urine, and their relationship to a crime scene. A forensic serologist may also be involved in DNA analysis and bloodstain pattern analysis. Serology testing begins with presumptive tests which gives the analyst an indication that a specific bodily fluid may be present, but cannot completely confirm its presence. Following the presumptive tests, confirmatory tests are done on the same sample to confirm what the unknown substance actually is.
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bread in Culture
Bread has a significance beyond mere nutrition in many cultures in the Western world and Greater Middle East because of its history and contemporary importance. Bread is also significant in Christianity as one of the elements (alongside wine) of the Eucharist; see sacramental bread. The word companion comes from Latin com- "with" + panis "bread". The political significance of bread is considerable. In 19th century Britain, the inflated price of bread due to the Corn Laws caused major political and social divisions, and was central to debates over free trade versus protectionism. The Assize of Bread and Ale in the 13th century demonstrated the importance of bread in medieval times by setting heavy punishments for short-changing bakers, and bread appeared in Magna Carta a half-century earlier. Like other foods, choosing the "right" kind of bread is used as a social signal, to let others know, for example, that the person buying expensive bread is financially secure, or the person buying whatever type of bread that the current fashions deem most healthful is a health-conscious consumer. As a simple, cheap, and adaptable type of food, bread is often used as a synecdoche for food in general in some languages and dialects, such as Greek and Punjabi. There are many variations on the basic recipe of bread worldwide, such as bagels, baguettes, biscuits, bocadillo, brioche, chapatis, Challah, lavash, naan, pitas, pizza, pretzels, puris, tortillas, and many others. There are various types of traditional "cheese breads" in many countries, including Brazil , Colombia, Italy, and Russia .
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Dangers of Travel—Banditry on the Roads
Since the dawn of time, one of the main barriers to travel has been the fear of leaving one’s place of residence and travelling into a foreign unknown and dangerous space. However, at the same time, firmly rooted in human nature is the desire to know and experience travel, this archetypal inner need is the motive for undertaking travel. In the past, in ancient times, it was difficult to travel safely, not always succeeding in avoiding dangerous areas and being among the friendly inhabitants of distant countries. In modern times, too, travel is dangerous and no traveler can have the comfort of carefree travel until the end.
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Hen Egg Proteins
Hen eggs, characterized by high protein and digestibility, are an excellent source of food-derived bioactive peptides. Some peptides comprising fewer than six amino acids may resist gastrointestinal digestion and remain intact as they cross the intestinal epithelium.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Heckler & Koch HK69A1
The HK69A1 is a 40 mm grenade launcher developed and produced by the German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch (H&K). The weapon was designed to engage enemy troops and strongpoints out to a distance of 350 m; it can also be used to deploy smoke grenades and illumination flares.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Nov 2022
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