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Topic Review
3DNow!
3DNow! is a deprecated extension to the x86 instruction set developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It adds single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions to the base x86 instruction set, enabling it to perform vector processing of floating-point vector-operations using Vector registers, which improves the performance of many graphic-intensive applications. The first microprocessor to implement 3DNow was the AMD K6-2, which was introduced in 1998. When the application was appropriate, this raised the speed by about 2–4 times. However, the instruction set never gained much popularity, and AMD announced on August 2010 that support for 3DNow would be dropped in future AMD processors, except for two instructions (the PREFETCH and PREFETCHW instructions). The two instructions are also available in Bay-Trail Intel processors.
  • 1.8K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Monkey X
Monkey X is a high-level programming language designed for video game development for many different platforms, including desktop and laptop computers, mobile phones, tablets, and video game consoles. The language itself is an object-oriented dialect of BASIC, which the compiler translates into native source code for several target platforms. The resulting code is then compiled normally. Currently the official target platforms include: Windows (Including the Windows 8 store), OS X, Linux, Xbox 360, Android, iOS, among others. Community-driven, user-made targets have also been created, some notable user-targets include: MonkeyMax (BlitzMax), Monkey-Python (Python), and a Nintendo DS target. Monkey X's main implementation (compiler), and a number of official modules are open source. Monkey X's main application/game framework, Mojo, is partially commercial. The compiler and most of the official modules can be found on GitHub. Monkey is also distributed in several compiled binary forms from its official website (registration required, to build the compiler). For details, see: Mojo (framework), and Game targets (technical).
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Biography
Gene Haas
Eugene "Gene" Francis Haas (born November 12, 1952) is founder, president, and sole stockholder of Haas Automation, a CNC machine tool manufacturer. He also has a presence in motorsports, having founded NASCAR team Haas CNC Racing (now known as Stewart-Haas Racing) and the Formula One team, Haas F1 Team. Haas graduated from California State University Northridge in 1975 with a Bachelor of Sci
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Alternative Models of Graph Visualization
There are many data visualization tools in various application fields, but at the same time, the main difficulty lies in presenting data of an interconnected (node-link) structure, i.e., networks. Typically, a lot of software means use graphs as the most straightforward and versatile models. To facilitate visual analysis, researchers are developing ways to arrange graph elements to make comparing, searching, and navigating data easier.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Bay Cat
The Bay Cat (Catopuma badia), a mysterious and elusive felid species native to the dense forests of Southeast Asia, remains one of the least studied and understood wild cats. Known for its striking reddish-brown fur and secretive behavior, the Bay Cat captivates researchers and conservationists alike as they strive to unravel the mysteries surrounding this enigmatic feline species.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Supply Chain
Supply chain sustainability (SCS) in the age of Industry 4.0 and Big Data is a growing area of research. However, there are no systematic and extensive studies that classify the different types of research and examine the general trends in this area of research. This paper reviews the literature on sustainability, Big Data, Industry 4.0 and supply chain management published since 2009 and provides a thorough insight into the field by using bibliometric and network analysis techniques. A total of 87 articles published in the past 10 years were evaluated and the top contributing authors, countries, and key research topics were identified. Furthermore, the most influential works based on citations and PageRank were obtained and compared. Finally, six research categories were proposed in which scholars could be encouraged to expand Big Data and Industry 4.0 research on SCS. This paper contributes to the literature on SCS in the age of Industry 4.0 by discussing the challenges facing current research but also, more importantly, by identifying and proposing these six research categories and future research directions.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Drug resistance and insensitivity to treatments are the main challenges in breast cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous stromal cells with prevailing roles in cancer development and progression. Epigenetic alterations are essential in regulating CAF activation and heterogeneity. These modifications are druggable targets that can be reversed using pharmacological interventions. CAFs therefore, have remarkable potential as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. 
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Maternal Placenta Consumption in Mammals
Placentophagia is a common mammalian behavior, and the first scientific study of the potential effects of human maternal placentophagia on lactation was in 1917. More recently, in the 1970s, human placentophagia was reported in North America with a trend toward increased consumption. There are different hypotheses about the women and nonhuman mammals’ motivation towards placentophagia, but few have been subject to hypotheses testing. In women, the controversy continues; on the one hand, researchers attribute benefits like increased breast milk, weight gain in newborns, decreased postpartum depression and fatigue, and improved mothers’ mood. In contrast, bacterial or viral infections, hormonal, or trace elements that could become toxic for both the mother and baby are reported as possible health risks. Other reports argue a lack of scientific rigor to support the self-reported benefits of placentophagia. Also, the way the placenta is prepared (raw, cooked, dehydrated, processed, or encapsulated) alters its components, and thus the desired effects.
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Left Ventricular Summit
The left ventricular summit (LVS) is a triangular area located at the most superior portion of the left epicardial ventricular region, surrounded by the two branches of the left coronary artery: the left anterior interventricular artery and the left circumflex artery. The triangle is bounded by the apex, septal and mitral margins and base. 
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran
Many researchers have extensively explored selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), and some of them were able to achieve high conversion and a high yield of DMF under certain reaction conditions. However, the main challenge is to reduce the operational cost using cost-effective catalysts as an alternative to the expensive noble metals. Overall, the approach of using bifunctional catalysts is an important direction for catalysis in general and particularly for reactions that require significantly different types of elementary steps as part of an overall reaction. For this reason, efforts to use the rational design of interfaces will become important for supplementing the promising initial work in demonstrating bifunctional catalysis for catalytic transformations of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to a potential liquid fuel, 2,5-dimethylfuran. Apart from the different types of metal and support, it was also observed that reaction conditions, namely the type of solvent, H2 donor, reaction temperature, reaction time, and H2. 
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Edible Films/Coatings Based in Gums and Starch
Edible films and coatings allow preserving fresh and processed food, maintaining quality, preventing microbial contamination and/or oxidation reactions and increasing the shelf life of food products. The structural matrix of edible films and coatings is mainly constituted by proteins, lipids or polysaccharides. However, it is possible to increase the bioactive potential of these polymeric matrices by adding phenolic compounds obtained from plant extracts. Phenolic compounds are known to possess several biological properties such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Incorporating phenolic compounds enriched plant extracts in edible films and coatings contribute to preventing food spoilage/deterioration and the extension of shelf life. 
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Risk Factors for Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the commonest peripheral vestibular condition encountered in a neurotology clinic and it accounts for about 20% to 30% of all the vestibular complaints. The mechanism of BPPV has been based on dislodged otoliths that leave the utricle and freely float in the semicircular canals or attach to the cupula, making the labyrinth sensitive to gravitational forces. BPPV is characterized by recurrent and brief vertigo with corresponding nystagmus when extending or turning the neck, getting up or lying down, or rolling over in bed.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Model-Based Enterprise Approach in the Product Lifecycle Management
Innovations in product development and process technologies represent a promising strategy to face the increasing competitiveness of modern markets in the global economy. Also, customer requirements become more and more specific and the complexity of products is still increasing. Industries need to adopt effective solutions during the product development process and to support, for sustainable purposes, all the phases of the product lifecycle. Advanced model-based solutions emerge for digitally supporting these industrial needs. In this context, a Model-Based Enterprise (MBE) represents an organization that adopts modeling technologies, such as Model-Based Definition (MBD) solutions, to integrate and manage both technical and business processes related to product design, production, support, and retirement. Past research discusses the model-based approaches focusing on technical product development, mainly referring to the design and the manufacturing phases.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
PhyloCode
The International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, known as the PhyloCode for short, is a developing draft for a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature. Its current version is specifically designed to regulate the naming of clades, leaving the governance of species names up to the rank-based Nomenclature codes (ICN, ICZN, ICNB, ICTV). The PhyloCode is associated with the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature (ISPN). The PhyloCode proposes to regulate phylogenetic nomenclature by providing rules for how to decide which associations of names and definitions will be considered established, which of those will be considered homonyms or synonyms, and which one of a set of synonyms or homonyms will be considered accepted (generally the one registered first; see below). The PhyloCode will only allow the naming of clades, not of paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups, and will only allow the use of specimens, species, and apomorphies as specifiers (anchors).
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Banyan (NGO)
The Banyan is an non-governmental organization based in Chennai, India was founded in 1993 by Vandana Gopikumar and Vaishnavi Jayakumar to cater to the mentally ill and homeless women in the city. Over the past two decades, has expanded to offer a range of comprehensive mental health solutions for men and women who are either homeless, or living in a state of abject poverty. This includes emergency care and critical time interventions offered across 2 hospital based settings, and one shelter for homeless persons with psychosocial disabilities, operated in collaboration with the Corporation of Chennai under the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM), reaching out to 162 individuals in distress at any given point of time. Over 3400 individuals have accessed these services since 1993. The Banyan's NALAM programme offers well-being oriented outpatient clinics and community based mental health care in both urban and rural areas. These clinics provide free of charge and mental health and social care services, address distress, common mental disorders and severe mental disorders. They are offered across 15 service access points, reaching out to a population of approximately 7 lakhs. NALAM has reached out to over 10,000 individuals and has a current active registry of 2000 individuals. For those who experience high support needs, The Banyan offers a range of inclusive living options, over 200 individuals with moderate to severe mental health issues, today live in communities & homelike environments with supportive services across 6 districts in 3 States (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra). The Banyan's sister organisation - The Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health (BALM), was founded in 2007, and works towards consolidating findings and experiences from The Banyan, and disseminating it across multiple stakeholders within the mental health and development spaces. BALM works on building practice based evidence and contributing to a knowledge base, that aids in addressing treatment and care gaps, particularly in the context of vulnerable individuals and groups. It uses capacity building, education programmes (diploma, masters’, and PhD programmes) in collaboration with the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), research, collaborative work (with civil society organisations, local governments, disability movements, mental health user-caregiver groups, and Central and State Government) and construction of think tanks, as strategies to influence progressive policies and plans.
  • 1.8K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Congo Red Toxicity towards Different Living Organism
Congo-red (CR) is an azo dye with the molecular formula of C32H22N6Na2O6S2 and molecular weight = 696.68 g mol−1. Paul Bottinger discovered CR as the first direct dye in 1884. It is an anionic di-azo dye (contains two groups -N=N-) composed of a sodium salt of benzidinediazo-bis-1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid, known by common names such as CR 4B, C.I. 22120, Cotton red B, Cotton red C, Direct red 28, Cosmos red, Direct red Y, and Direct red R.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Mobile Learning for Refugees
The mass influx of refugees into Europe since 2013 and their educational challenges have increased the need for high-quality refugee education. One proposal for addressing these challenges was to leverage mobile devices for educational purposes (mobile learning). .By surveying the literature, the present paper concludes that mobile learning seems beneficial for refugees in two ways: providing refugees access to education and improving the quality of the provided refugee education. However, it is not a one-solution-fits-all regarding their education. 
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Enantioselective Catalytic C-H Amidations
The crucial role played by compounds bearing amide functions, not only in biological processes but also in several fields of chemistry, life polymers and material sciences, has brought about many significant discoveries and innovative approaches for their chemical synthesis. Within this context, and following the development of C-H functionalization strategies, C-H amidation reactions have only recently emerged as valuable approaches for the construction of amide functions. These methodologies have been successfully used for both C(sp2)- and C(sp3)-H activations and blossoming synthetic applications have appeared in the last two years (2019-2020 timeframe).
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Treatment Emergent Sexual Dysfunction
Antipsychotic medication can be often associated with sexual dysfunction (SD). Given its inti-mate nature, treatment emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD) remains underestimated in clinical practice. SD may cause diverse clinical alterations, such as low libido, difficulties in ejacu-lation, difficulties reaching orgasm, erection and vaginal lubrication, as well as men-strual alterations or gynecomastia. These alterations are mostly reversible with treatment discontinuation, except for priapism, which can require surgical interven-tion in some cases.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Bifacial Photovoltaics
In 2016 the first >2 MWp fixed tilt bifacial PV system (“La Hormiga”) was built by MegaCell in San Felipe, located in the region of Valparaiso in Chile, using nPERT BiSoN modules. The innovations in this system were the adapted mounting structures (which were not covering the rear side of the modules), as well as the enhancement of albedo using white quartz stones below them. The bifacial gain was about 15% with the natural albedo of ca. 28%, whereas the albedo enhancement to 75% provided by the white stones led to a bifacial gain of about 25%. After that, Sunpreme installed their SHJ (Silicon HeteroJunction) modules in a 10 MWp bifacial system on a US industrial rooftop, and large bifacial systems were installed in China in the TopRunner program, where the Chinese Government was supporting innovations to be introduced into the market. Yingli installed a fixed tilt 50 MWp system with bifacial nPERT Panda modules, followed by a 100 MWp “Panda PV system” in 2018. Since then large bifacial PV systems are entering the PV market. In 2021 bifacial PV became bankable and will become main-stream in the coming 5 years.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 May 2021
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