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Topic Review
Crown Colony-Class Cruiser
The Crown Colony-class cruisers were a class of light cruisers of the Royal Navy named after Crown Colony of the British Empire. The first eight are known as the Fiji class, while the last three to be built are commonly referred to as the Ceylon class and were built to a slightly modified design.
  • 1.8K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ethical Implications of Generative AI in 3D Modeling
The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about significant advances across various creative industries, including 3D modeling. With AI tools enabling designers, architects, and artists to generate detailed, realistic designs rapidly, the potential for innovation seems limitless. However, these technological advancements bring with them a host of ethical dilemmas that require careful consideration. Among the most pressing concerns are issues surrounding ownership, authenticity, and bias. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a thoughtful examination of these challenges to ensure that generative AI in 3D modeling progresses in a manner that is fair, transparent, and equitable.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Nov 2024
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited disorder that typically presents in adults. Both kidneys are affected by cysts, leading to end stage renal disease in adulthood. Prevalence of ADPKD was estimated to be 1:400 to 1:1000 live births.
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Downy Mildew Detection and Diagnostics
Downy mildews affect important crops and cause severe losses in production worldwide. Accurate identification and monitoring of these plant pathogens, especially at early stages of the disease, is fundamental in achieving effective disease control. The rapid development of molecular methods for diagnosis has provided more specific, fast, reliable, sensitive, and portable alternatives for plant pathogen detection and quantification than traditional approaches. 
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
PiRNAs in Environmentally-Induced Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance
The piRNAs correspond to a class of small non-coding RNAs interacting with the PIWI proteins (Piwi, Aub, and Ago3 in Drosophila), belonging to the AGO subfamily proteins, mainly active in animal gonads to protect genome integrity against transposable elements (TEs).
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
3D-Printed Silica Glass
Glass technologies for 3D printing can be divided into several categories according to the printing method and the form of pre-treatment for the raw materials. These categories include powder-based, photopolymerization-based, and material extrusion-based 3D printing technology. Among them, fused deposition modeling (FDM), based on material extrusion (MEX), and selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM), based on powder, usually require strict processing conditions and are therefore less suitable for laboratory processing. The most promising processing technologies are stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), two-photon polymerization (TPP), sheet lamination (SL), which is based on photopolymerization, and DIW, based on MEX.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Banyan (NGO)
The Banyan is an non-governmental organization based in Chennai, India was founded in 1993 by Vandana Gopikumar and Vaishnavi Jayakumar to cater to the mentally ill and homeless women in the city. Over the past two decades, has expanded to offer a range of comprehensive mental health solutions for men and women who are either homeless, or living in a state of abject poverty. This includes emergency care and critical time interventions offered across 2 hospital based settings, and one shelter for homeless persons with psychosocial disabilities, operated in collaboration with the Corporation of Chennai under the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM), reaching out to 162 individuals in distress at any given point of time. Over 3400 individuals have accessed these services since 1993. The Banyan's NALAM programme offers well-being oriented outpatient clinics and community based mental health care in both urban and rural areas. These clinics provide free of charge and mental health and social care services, address distress, common mental disorders and severe mental disorders. They are offered across 15 service access points, reaching out to a population of approximately 7 lakhs. NALAM has reached out to over 10,000 individuals and has a current active registry of 2000 individuals. For those who experience high support needs, The Banyan offers a range of inclusive living options, over 200 individuals with moderate to severe mental health issues, today live in communities & homelike environments with supportive services across 6 districts in 3 States (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra). The Banyan's sister organisation - The Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health (BALM), was founded in 2007, and works towards consolidating findings and experiences from The Banyan, and disseminating it across multiple stakeholders within the mental health and development spaces. BALM works on building practice based evidence and contributing to a knowledge base, that aids in addressing treatment and care gaps, particularly in the context of vulnerable individuals and groups. It uses capacity building, education programmes (diploma, masters’, and PhD programmes) in collaboration with the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), research, collaborative work (with civil society organisations, local governments, disability movements, mental health user-caregiver groups, and Central and State Government) and construction of think tanks, as strategies to influence progressive policies and plans.
  • 1.8K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Medical Applications of Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase Assay
β-galactosidase is a lysosomal hydrolase, which cleaves terminal β-d-galactose residues. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay found its place in the routine work of thousands of biological laboratories. There is a bulk of evidence that supports the future implementation of β-galactosidase detection as a prognostic marker in medical practice as well.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Monkey X
Monkey X is a high-level programming language designed for video game development for many different platforms, including desktop and laptop computers, mobile phones, tablets, and video game consoles. The language itself is an object-oriented dialect of BASIC, which the compiler translates into native source code for several target platforms. The resulting code is then compiled normally. Currently the official target platforms include: Windows (Including the Windows 8 store), OS X, Linux, Xbox 360, Android, iOS, among others. Community-driven, user-made targets have also been created, some notable user-targets include: MonkeyMax (BlitzMax), Monkey-Python (Python), and a Nintendo DS target. Monkey X's main implementation (compiler), and a number of official modules are open source. Monkey X's main application/game framework, Mojo, is partially commercial. The compiler and most of the official modules can be found on GitHub. Monkey is also distributed in several compiled binary forms from its official website (registration required, to build the compiler). For details, see: Mojo (framework), and Game targets (technical).
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Proto-Samic
Proto-Sami is the hypothetical, reconstructed common ancestor of the Sami languages. It is a descendant of the Proto-Uralic language.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Eagle Computer
Eagle Computer of Los Gatos, California, was an early microcomputer manufacturing company. Spun off from Audio-Visual Laboratories (AVL), it first sold a line of popular CP/M computers which were highly praised in the computer magazines of the day. After the IBM PC was launched, Eagle produced the Eagle 1600 series, which ran MS-DOS but were not true clones. When it became evident that the buying public wanted actual clones of the IBM PC, even if a non-clone had better features, Eagle responded with a line of clones, including a portable. The Eagle PCs were always rated highly in computer magazines.
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Congo Red Toxicity towards Different Living Organism
Congo-red (CR) is an azo dye with the molecular formula of C32H22N6Na2O6S2 and molecular weight = 696.68 g mol−1. Paul Bottinger discovered CR as the first direct dye in 1884. It is an anionic di-azo dye (contains two groups -N=N-) composed of a sodium salt of benzidinediazo-bis-1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid, known by common names such as CR 4B, C.I. 22120, Cotton red B, Cotton red C, Direct red 28, Cosmos red, Direct red Y, and Direct red R.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Speech Features for Schizophrenia
It is known that speech and language provide unique and essential information about human thought. Speech in subjects with schizophrenia is perceived as a negative symptom because it is mainly reflected in a lack of emotion (blunted affect) and poor speech (alogia). Other speech symptoms in schizophrenia include slow speech, reduced pitch variability, more pauses, and less synchronization in syllable variability. Speech production in patients with schizophrenia is usually stimulated via clinical interviews, free speech activities, image description or reading. Free speech can be compromised in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Therefore, techniques such as asking patients to report activities or plans for the future, tasks done the previous day, and dreams can be implemented. Narrative of Emotions Tasks can also be used during medical consultation.
  • 1.8K
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Leopard Cat
The Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) stands as a small wild felid distributed across diverse habitats in Asia, from the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia and parts of China. Recognized for its striking resemblance to the larger leopard, this species exhibits a distinctive coat pattern featuring spots and rosettes. As a foundational concept in zoology, exploring the Leopard Cat's behavior, ecological role, and adaptation to various environments contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the felid family and its significance within Asian ecosystems.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
MicroRNAs in Regulation of Melanogenesis
Melanogenesis is the process leading to the synthesis of melanin, the main substance that influences skin color and plays a pivotal role against UV damage. Altered melanogenesis is observed in several pigmentation disorders. Melanogenesis occurs in specialized cells called melanocytes, physically and functionally related by means of autocrine and paracrine interplay to other skin cell types. Several external and internal factors control melanin biosynthesis and operate through different intracellular signaling pathways, which finally leads to the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), the key transcription factor involved in melanogenesis and the expression of the main melanogenic enzymes, including TYR, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2. Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in melanogenesis regulation. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which control cell behavior by regulating gene expression, mainly by binding the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target mRNAs.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Supply Chain
Supply chain sustainability (SCS) in the age of Industry 4.0 and Big Data is a growing area of research. However, there are no systematic and extensive studies that classify the different types of research and examine the general trends in this area of research. This paper reviews the literature on sustainability, Big Data, Industry 4.0 and supply chain management published since 2009 and provides a thorough insight into the field by using bibliometric and network analysis techniques. A total of 87 articles published in the past 10 years were evaluated and the top contributing authors, countries, and key research topics were identified. Furthermore, the most influential works based on citations and PageRank were obtained and compared. Finally, six research categories were proposed in which scholars could be encouraged to expand Big Data and Industry 4.0 research on SCS. This paper contributes to the literature on SCS in the age of Industry 4.0 by discussing the challenges facing current research but also, more importantly, by identifying and proposing these six research categories and future research directions.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Drug resistance and insensitivity to treatments are the main challenges in breast cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous stromal cells with prevailing roles in cancer development and progression. Epigenetic alterations are essential in regulating CAF activation and heterogeneity. These modifications are druggable targets that can be reversed using pharmacological interventions. CAFs therefore, have remarkable potential as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. 
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Nov 2020
Topic Review
O-GlcNAcylation
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that occurs at serine and threonine residues of protein substrates by the addition of O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. Two enzymes are involved in this modification: O-GlcNac transferase (OGT), which attaches the GlcNAc residue to the protein substrate, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. This biological balance is important for many biological processes, such as protein expression, cell apoptosis, and regulation of enzyme activity.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Left Ventricular Summit
The left ventricular summit (LVS) is a triangular area located at the most superior portion of the left epicardial ventricular region, surrounded by the two branches of the left coronary artery: the left anterior interventricular artery and the left circumflex artery. The triangle is bounded by the apex, septal and mitral margins and base. 
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance
The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States has been criticized on several grounds. Its use in government funded schools has been the most controversial, as critics contend that a government-sanctioned endorsement of religion violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Arguments against the pledge include that the pledge itself is incompatible with democracy and freedom, pledges of allegiance are features of totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany, and that the pledge was written to honor Christopher Columbus and to sell flags.
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Oct 2022
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