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Topic Review
Pittsburgh Refrigerator Cat
The Pittsburgh Refrigerator Cat, Refrigerator Cat, Cold Storage Cat or Eskimo Cat is repeated as fact in many cat books. However, this never existed as a breed. Although Refrigerator Cats are frequently described as a lost longhaired breed, the reports describe them as thick-furred.
  • 839
  • 01 Nov 2022
Biography
Robert F. Overmyer
Robert Franklyn "Bob" Overmyer (July 14, 1936 – March 22, 1996), (Col, USMC), was an American test pilot, naval aviator, aeronautical engineer, physicist, United States Marine Corps officer, and United States Air Force /NASA astronaut. He was born in Lorain, Ohio, but considered Westlake, Ohio his hometown. Overmyer was selected by the United States Air Force as an astronaut for its Manned Orb
  • 838
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
John C. Browne
John C. Browne (born July 29, 1942) is an American physicist. He was born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania as the fifth child of Charles I. and Mary Agnes (Titzer) Browne. He received a B.S. in Physics from Drexel University (1965). He received a Ph.D. in Physics from Duke University (1969). His thesis was titled "Fine Structure of Analog States in 61,63,65-Cu". After teaching at Duke University (19
  • 838
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ohlone Tiger Beetle
The Ohlone tiger beetle, Cicindela ohlone, is endemic to California. It was discovered in 1987 and named and described in 1993. C. ohlone is most closely related to Cicindela purpurea. C. ohlone ranges in length from 9½ mm to 12½ mm with the females at the higher end of the range. The body is a bright, sericate green with bronze tints on the dorsum and the elytra. C. ohlone differs from other purpurea in that it has a larger body size, different genital morphology and different seasonal activity cycle.
  • 836
  • 17 Oct 2022
Biography
Martin J. Klein
Martin Jesse Klein (June 25, 1924 – March 28, 2009),[1] usually cited as M. J. Klein, was a science historian of 19th and 20th century physics. Klein was born in the Bronx, New York City . He was an only child and both his parents were schoolteachers. After graduating from James Monroe High School at the age of 14, he attended Columbia University, where he received a bachelor's degree in ma
  • 835
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Calcium-Sensing Receptor in hSMts
Skeletal muscle has an outstanding capacity for regeneration in response to injuries, but there are disorders in which this process is seriously impaired, such as sarcopenia. Pharmacological treatments to restore muscle trophism are not available, therefore, the identification of suitable therapeutic targets that could be useful for the treatment of skeletal reduced myogenesis is highly desirable.
  • 832
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Eos (Genus)
Eos is a genus of parrots belonging to the lories and lorikeets tribe of the family Psittaculidae. There are six species which are all endemic to islands of eastern Indonesia, most within very restricted ranges. They have predominantly red plumage with blue, purple or black markings. Males and females are similar in appearance. Their habitats include forest, coconut plantations and mangroves. They gather in flowering trees to feed on nectar and pollen with their brush-tipped tongues. Fruit and insects are also eaten. They make nests in tree hollows generally high in old large trees. Threats to these parrots include habitat loss and trapping for the cagebird trade, and one species, the red-and-blue lory, is classified as endangered.
  • 831
  • 18 Oct 2022
Biography
Cécile DeWitt-Morette
Cécile Andrée Paule DeWitt-Morette (21 December 1922 – 8 May 2017) was a French mathematician and physicist. She founded a summer school at Les Houches in the French Alps. For this and her publications, she was awarded the American Society of the French Legion of Honour 2007 Medal for Distinguished Achievement.[1] Attendees at the summer school included over twenty students who would go on
  • 830
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pomegranate Mesocarp against Colitis-Induced Visceral Pain in Rats.
La gestione del dolore viscerale cronico correlato alle malattie infiammatorie intestinali o alla sindrome dell'intestino irritabile è ancora un problema clinico e continuano a essere studiate nuove strategie terapeutiche. Nel presente studio, è stata valutata l'efficacia di un decotto di melograno e dei suoi componenti polisaccaridici ed ellagitanninici nella prevenzione dello sviluppo del dolore addominale indotto da colite nei ratti. Dopo induzione della colite con acido 2,4-dinitrobenzensolfonico (DNBS), decotto di melograno (300 mg kg −1 ), polisaccaridi (300 mg kg −1 ) ed ellagitannini (45 mg kg −1) sono stati somministrati per via orale per 14 giorni. Il trattamento ripetuto con decotto ha ridotto l'ipersensibilità viscerale negli animali colitici sia a 7 che a 14 giorni. Un'efficacia simile è stata dimostrata dai polisaccaridi, ma con minore potenza. Le ellagitannine somministrate a dose equivalente al contenuto di decotto hanno mostrato una maggiore efficacia nel ridurre lo sviluppo del dolore viscerale. Valutazioni macroscopiche e microscopiche eseguite sul colon 14 giorni dopo il danno hanno mostrato che tutte e tre le preparazioni hanno ridotto la quantità complessiva di mastociti, il numero di mastociti degranulati e la densità delle fibre di collagene nello stroma della mucosa. Sebbene gli ellagitannini sembrano essere responsabili della maggior parte degli effetti benefici del melograno sulla colite indotta da DNBS, i polisaccaridi supportano e ne migliorano l'effetto. Perciò,
  • 828
  • 26 Jun 2020
Biography
Michael Dine
Michael Dine (born 12 August 1953, Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American theoretical physicist, specializing in elementary particle physics, supersymmetry, string theory, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Dine received in 1974 a bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins University and in 1978 a Ph.D. under Thomas Appelquist from Yale University with thesis Interactions of Heavy Quarks in Quantum C
  • 827
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) relies on local or systemic administration of a light-sensitive dye, called photosensitizer, to accumulate into the target site followed by excitation with light of appropriate wavelength and fluence. This photo-activated molecule reacts with the intracellular oxygen to induce selective cytotoxicity of targeted cells by the generation of reactive oxygen species. 
  • 825
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Chalcones and Breast Cancer
There is no doubt that significant progress has been made in tumor therapy in the past decades. The discovery of new molecules with potential antitumor properties still remains one of the most significant challenges in the field of anticancer therapy. Nature, especially plants, is a rich source of phytochemicals with pleiotropic biological activities.
  • 824
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Methodologies of Primary HPV Testing
The human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses, and an infection from this virus may become persistent, leading to diseases such as cervical cancer. In the past, cytology-based methods such as the Papanicolaou (Pap) test were imperative to identify the disease at a stage where it can be treated. However, since the 1980s where the etiological association of HPV and cervical cancer was identified, new tests began emerging directed towards identifying the virus. Furthermore, as the biology of HPV along with the relationships with its host are elucidated, these tests and treatments further advance. Recently in Europe, there is a movement towards the implementation of HPV testing methodologies in national screening programs to precede cytological testing. These screening strategies are recommended by the European guidelines and the World Health Organization. This review presents the current HPV testing methodologies, their application in organized population-based cervical cancer screening programs based on the most recent European guidelines, and their implementation status in countries in Europe.
  • 823
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment - Cognitive Effects
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT)—the medical use of oxygen at environmental pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute—is a very effective therapy for several approved clinical situations, such as carbon monoxide intoxication, incurable diabetes or radiation-injury wounds, and smoke inhalation. In recent years, it has also been used to improve cognition, neuro-wellness, and quality of life following brain trauma and stroke. This opens new avenues for the elderly, including the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and improvement of cognition and brain metabolism in cases of mild cognitive impairment.
  • 823
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Glossitis Areata Migrans
Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms,[note 1] is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is a common condition, affecting approximately 2–3% of the general population. It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of lingual papillae) which migrate over time. The name comes from the map-like appearance of the tongue, with the patches resembling the islands of an archipelago. The cause is unknown, but the condition is entirely benign (importantly, it does not represent oral cancer), and there is no curative treatment. Uncommonly, geographic tongue may cause a burning sensation on the tongue, for which various treatments have been described with little formal evidence of efficacy.
  • 822
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Asthma Phenotypes Derived by Data-Driven
Classification of asthma phenotypes has a potentially relevant impact on the clinical management of the disease. Methods for statistical classification without a priori assumptions (data-driven approaches) may contribute to developing a better comprehension of trait heterogeneity in disease phenotyping. 
  • 821
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
In Re Roslin Institute (Edinburgh)
In re Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), 750 F.3d 1333 (Fed. Cir. 2014), is a 2014 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rejecting a patent for a cloned sheep known as "Dolly the Sheep"— the first mammal ever cloned from an adult somatic cell.
  • 821
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Stress Accelerates Tumor Progression via Sympathetic Nervous System
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) originates in the ventral brainstem, where sympathetic premotor neurons are found. They are found predominantly in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVMM). These neurons project to the intermediolateral nucleus (IML, also known as the sympathetic preganglionic nucleus), which then projects to the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for terminal output to peripheral organs which control heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, glycemia, vigilance and other physiological responses. When negative emotions are induced under chronic stress, the sympathetic nervous system is continuously activated and increases the release of catecholamines (such as epinephrine and norepinephrine). In a spontaneous colon tumor model, ablation of sympathetic premotor neurons in APCmin/+ mice reduces the number of polyps in the mouse intestine. Sympathetic denervation also leads to decreased tumorigenesis in a spontaneous prostate tumor mouse model. These results suggest that loss of SNS function may slow tumorigenesis.
  • 819
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Axiomatic Theory of Receptive Fields
Receptive field profiles registered by cell recordings have shown that mammalian vision has developed receptive fields tuned to different sizes and orientations in the image domain as well as to different image velocities in space-time. Corresponding cell recordings in the auditory system has shown that mammals have developed receptive fields tuned to different frequencies as well as temporal transients. This article describes normative theories that have been developed to explain these properties of sensory receptive fields based on structural properties of the environment. Beyond theoretical explanation of biological phenomena, these theories can also be used for computational modelling of biological receptive fields and for building algorithms for artificial perception based on sensory data.
  • 819
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Computational and Statistical Genetics
The interdisciplinary research field of Computational and Statistical Genetics uses the latest approaches in genomics, quantitative genetics, computational sciences, bioinformatics and statistics to develop and apply computationally efficient and statistically robust methods to sort through increasingly rich and massive genome wide data sets to identify complex genetic patterns, gene functionalities and interactions, disease and phenotype associations involving the genomes of various organisms. This field is also often referred to as computational genomics. This is an important discipline within the umbrella field computational biology.
  • 818
  • 07 Nov 2022
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