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Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence for Hydrogen Storage Vessels Design
Hydrogen is a potential candidate to replace fossil fuels for transport applications, with three technologies considered for the onboard storage of hydrogen: storage in the form of a compressed gas, storage as a cryogenic liquid, and storage as a solid. These technologies are now competing to meet the requirements of vehicle manufacturers; each has its own unique challenges that must be understood to direct future research and development efforts. 
  • 2.4K
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Intermediate Strain Rate Testing Devices
The existing experimental tests are mainly designed to study the mechanical response of materials at various strain rates. Many researchers performed the experimental test in tension, compression, and shear (with torsion test) over a wide range of strain rates. They found out that material exhibits an increase in yield stress as well as flows stress with an increase in strain rate. It illustrates that there is a need for experimental data to study the material behaviour over the full range of strain rates, from quasi-static to high strain rate test. Many special techniques have been developed to bridge the strain rate gap between quasi-static and high strain rate testing to provide a method for an intermediate strain rate test for engineering materials. Some researchers have tried to conduct intermediate strain rate tests with standard servo-hydraulic load frames. However, the results of such tests are not accurate. The problem is that during the experiment, the whole machine is not in static equilibrium. The inertial effect influences the experimental data. The records obtained from these machines are often noisy with large oscillation. therefore, the comprehensive review is given to describes the development and evolution of the existing intermediate strain rate testing devices which includes the working principles, some critical theories, technological innovation in load measurement techniques, components of the device, basic technical assumption, and measuring techniques. In addition, some research direction on future implementation and development of an intermediate strain rate apparatus is also discussed in detail.
  • 2.4K
  • 18 Apr 2021
Topic Review
The Pipeline Finite Element Analysis Model
Pipelines are widely used to transport oil and gas products over long distances. Corrosion and crack defects often exist at the same time in pipelines. The interaction impact between these defects could potentially affect the growth of the fatigue crack. Ensuring pipeline safety is a prerequisite for the transportation of fuels such as oil and natural gas. The finite element models are built to obtain the Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs) for fatigue crack. SIF interaction impact ratio is introduced to describe the interaction effect of corrosion on fatigue crack.
  • 2.4K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Joint Configuration and Geometry
The use of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials is increasing in many different industries, such as those operating in the aviation, marine, and automotive sectors. In these applications, composite parts are often joined with other composite or metallic parts, where adhesive bonding plays a key role. 
  • 2.4K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Reconfigurable Vectorial Thrusters
The reconfigurable vectorial thruster (RVT) is a propulsion element that changes not only the intensity of the thrust vector but also its direction. This vector reorientation by a servomotor, for example, is usually faster than the intensity change. Thus, the possibility of fast vehicle reconfiguration allows the optimized choice of the reconfigured propulsion architecture according to different tasks, minimizing the trajectory tracking error and energy consumption. Moreover, the use of RVTs can significantly reduce the total number of needed thrusters in a vehicle.
  • 2.3K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding
Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic struc-tural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating.
  • 2.3K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
WEC with Linear Generator-Based Direct Electric-Drive PTO System
The traditional wave energy converters (WECs) use hydraulic or turbine-type power take-off (PTO) mechanisms which consist of many moving parts, creating mechanical complexity and increasing the installation and maintenance costs. Linear generator-based direct-drive WECs could be a solution to overcome this problem. 
  • 2.3K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Fused Deposition Modelling of Polymer Composite
Additive manufacturing (AM) highlights developing complex and efficient parts for various uses. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most frequent fabrication procedure used to make polymer products. Although it is widely used, due to its low characteristics, such as weak mechanical properties and poor surface, the types of polymer material that may be produced are limited, affecting the structural applications of FDM. Therefore, the FDM process utilises the polymer composition to produce a better physical product. 
  • 2.3K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Range Extender
A range extender is an auxiliary power unit that provides an electric vehicle with additional energy to complement the primary battery in propelling the vehicle.
  • 2.3K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Biofuel Vehicles
Biofuels and bioenergy are produced by processing biomass, or organic matter, from plants, crops, and their waste products. Biofuel can displace fuels made from petroleum because it comes from renewable sources. The only alternative energy source that can provide liquid fuels to take the place of fossil fuels is bioenergy. Biofuels are a viable alternative to meet future demand while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental effects.
  • 2.3K
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Archard’s Law: Foundations, Extensions, and Critiques
Archard’s wear law is among the first and foremost wear models derived from contact mechanics that relates key operating conditions and material hardness to sliding wear through a multifaceted wear coefficient. This entry explores the development, generalization, and critique of the Archard model—a foundational model in wear prediction. It outlines the historical origins of the model, its basis in contact plasticity, and its use of a constant wear coefficient. The discussion highlights modern efforts to extend the model through variable exponents and empirical calibration. Key limitations such as the oversimplification of wear behavior, exclusion of factors like sliding velocity, and scale sensitivity are examined through both theoretical arguments and experimental evidence. The critiques reflect the model’s constrained applicability in diverse wear conditions across varied operating conditions and material phenomena.
  • 2.3K
  • 19 Aug 2025
Topic Review
Advancements of Rim-Driven Fans in Aerial Vehicles
As the aviation industry seeks sustainable propulsion solutions, innovative technologies have emerged, among which rim-driven fan (RDF) systems hold notable promise. Amid escalating concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, the aviation sector’s shift towards electric propulsion has gained impetus. RDF technology has emerged as a beacon of optimism, heralding the prospect of energy-efficient and eco-conscious air travel. 
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Aviation Spline Research
Splines are irreplaceable in high-speed aviation fields due to their simplicity, reliability, and high specific power. Aviation splines are not only subjected to severe operating mechanical loads, but also sometimes operate under grease-lubricated and non-lubricated environments. All of this results in aviation splines suffering widespread failures.
  • 2.2K
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing Processes
Additive manufacturing (AM, 3D printing) is used in many fields and different industries. In the medical and dental field, every patient is unique and, therefore, AM has significant potential in personalized and customized solutions. This text explores what additive manufacturing processes and materials are utilized in medical and dental applications, especially focusing on processes that are less commonly used. The processes are categorized in ISO/ASTM process classes: powder bed fusion, material extrusion, VAT photopolymerization, material jetting, binder jetting, sheet lamination and directed energy deposition combined with classification of medical applications of AM. Based on the findings, it seems that directed energy deposition is utilized rarely only in implants and sheet lamination rarely for medical models or phantoms. Powder bed fusion, material extrusion and VAT photopolymerization are utilized in all categories. Material jetting is not used for implants and biomanufacturing, and binder jetting is not utilized for tools, instruments and parts for medical devices. The most common materials are thermoplastics, photopolymers and metals such as titanium alloys. If standard terminology of AM would be followed, this would allow a more systematic review of the utilization of different AM processes.
  • 2.2K
  • 09 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Material Extrusion Troubleshooting
      Material Extrusion (ME) offers end-users a more affordable and accessible Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in contrast to other processes. ME is frequently used to quickly produce low-cost prototypes with the freedom of scalability where parts can be produced in various geometries, quantities and sizes. This article provides guidelines and advice for end-users to identify and efficiently troubleshoot issues concerning desktop ME processes quickly. The systemic issues and solutions covered include three categories: printer-related, deposition-related and quality problems. The majority of issues encountered in ME are associated with incorrect printer calibration and parameters, hardware, material, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model and/or slicing errors. A troubleshooting chart for ME is presented that allows designers and engineers to determine the possible contributing factors for a particular problem in an efficient manner.
  • 2.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition
  As one of the most important tools of human-computer interaction, dynamic gesture recognition technology has attracted great attention and been applied to various industries. Meanwhile, with the advent of some high-precision deep vision sensors, the reliable data can be achieved for dynamic gesture recognition. Currently, however, the researches of dynamic gesture recognition still has certain limitations and challenges. In order to explore more methods to improve the performance of the dynamic gesture recognition, based on the Leap Motion Controller, a recognition system was proposed to recognize American Sign Language and some daily gestures.
  • 2.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
AA 6061 Metal Matrix Composites
AA 6061 is an aluminium alloy that has extensive applications due to its superior material characteristics. It is a popular choice of matrix for aluminium matrix composite (AMC) fabrication. Stir casting method is widely for fabricating AA 6061 composites with reinforcements such as SiC, B4C, Al2O3, TiC, other inorganic, organic, hybrid and nanomaterials. An increase in reinforcement content enhances the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Hybrid composites show better material properties than single reinforcement composites. 
  • 2.2K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Hybrid Construction Machinery
Hybrid Construction Machinery (HCM), known as an effective and crucial solution for the issues of environment pollution and energy shortage. Central feature is the drive system of the construction machinery consists of two or more independent drive systems that can work simultaneously.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium-Based Alloys through Laser-Based Approach
Magnesium alloys continue to be important in the context of modern and lightweight technologies. The increased use of Mg each year indicates a rise in demand for alloys containing Mg. With additive manufacturing (AM), components can be produced directly in a net shape, providing new ideas relating to the new prospects for Mg-based materials. 
  • 2.2K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pool Boiling Enhancement Techniques
Several enhancement approaches relating to the underlying fluid route and the capability to eliminate incipient boiling hysteresis, augment the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, and improve the critical heat flux are assessed.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Feb 2024
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