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Biography
James Bullough Lansing
James Bullough Lansing (born James Martini, January 14, 1902 – September 24, 1949) was a pioneering American audio engineer and loudspeaker designer who was most notable for establishing two audio companies that bear his name, Altec Lansing and JBL, the latter taken from his initials, JBL. James Martini was born on January 14, 1902, in Greenridge, Nilwood Township, Macoupin County, Illino
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  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Marine Bacterial Natural Products
Marine bacterial natural products are molecules produced by marine bacteria through secondary metabolism genes, which can provide them with competitive advantages. Certain natural products can have bioactive effects (e.g. antimicrobial properties) and thus can be used by humans as therapeutics or leads for novel therapeutics.
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  • 15 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Leaf area index
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important vegetation parameter.This work provides a introduction of LiDAR technology and the LAI estimation with LiDAR, LAI validation studies, and factors affecting the LAI estimation.
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  • 16 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Estrogen Receptors in PCOS
Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood.
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  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Harmonic Radio Frequency Identification
Harmonic Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system operates at two different frequencies for uplink and downlink communication unlike conventional RFID systems. Operating at two frequencies provides many operational advantages over RFID system.
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Animated Cartoon
An animated cartoon is a film for the cinema, television or computer screen, which is made using sequential drawings, as opposed to animation in general, which include films made using clay, puppets, 3D modeling and other means. Animated cartoons are still created for entertainment, commercial, educational and personal purposes.
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  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes of Central Nervous System
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) include any symptomatic and non-metastatic neurological manifestations associated with a neoplasm. PNS associated with antibodies against intracellular antigens, known as “high-risk” antibodies, show frequent association with underlying cancer. PNS associated with antibodies against neural surface antigens, known as “intermediate- or low-risk” antibodies, are less frequently associated with cancer. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
CD44
CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess several CSC traits, such as self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, as well as a resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Synthesis of Quantum Dots, Polymer, and Nanocomposites
Owing to the nanometer size range, Quantum Dots (QDs) have exhibited unique physical and chemical properties which are favourable for different applications. Especially, due to their quantum confinement effect, excellent optoelectronic characteristics is been observed. This considerable progress has not only uplifted the singular usage of QDs, but also encouraged to prepare various hybrid materials to achieve superior efficiency by eliminating certain shortcomings. Such issues can be overcome by compositing QDs with polymers. 
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  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Conservation Tillage and Climate Resilience
In the context of climate change, agricultural cultivation, as one of the most vulnerable sectors, is under threat. Extreme weather and climate conditions have caused a series of problems, such as yield loss, more serious pests and diseases, and declining biodiversity. Climate resilience refers to the ability to maintain agriculture’s core functions, including food security, soil and water conservation, and economic growth, while mitigating the impacts of climate change. Conservation tillage is considered a potential method to improve climate resilience. 
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  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Intensity of Passenger Transport Modes
The transport sector is responsible for a significant amount of global carbon emissions, and several policies are being implemented at different levels to reduce its impact. To properly assess the effectiveness of planned measures, analysts often rely on average emission factors for different transport modes.
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  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Thermomechanical Modeling of the WAAM Process
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) process that uses an electric arc welding technique with a wire feeding process and provides a high deposition rate. Previous investigations showed that the method is carried out using a layer-by-layer approach to build the part, and the corresponding heat input influences the mechanical properties of WAAM products. 
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  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Secretory Trichomes of Tillandsia cyanea
The bromeliad Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch, with its vibrant pink inflorescences, is a well-known ornamental plant all over the world. This epiphytic bromeliad possesses complex trichomes (peltate trichomes) that are capable of producing and exuding a polysaccharide-based secretion (mucilage) with high affinity for water. This observation indicates that T. cyanea - and probably many other bromeliads - might have more intricate strategies to cope with water availability than previously thought.
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Hard Tissue Engineering
Hard tissues, e.g., bone, are mechanically stiff and, most typically, mineralized. To design scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration, mechanical, physico-chemical and biological cues must align with those found in the natural tissue. Combining these aspects poses challenges for material and construct design.  They can be fulfilled in top-down tissue engineering or bottom up biofabrication approaches upon employing biomaterials e.g. silk.
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  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Solar Energy Systems into Seawater Desalination
Solar energy, amongst all renewable energies, has attracted inexhaustible attention all over the world as a supplier of sustainable energy. The energy requirement of major seawater desalination processes such as multistage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are fulfilled by burning fossil fuels, which impact the environment significantly due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The integration of solar energy systems into seawater desalination processes is an attractive and alternative solution to fossil fuels. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
RTP Audio Video Profile
The RTP audio/video profile (RTP/AVP) is a profile for Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) that specifies the technical parameters of audio and video streams. RTP specifies a general-purpose data format, but doesn't specify how encoded data should utilize the features of RTP (what payload type value to put in the RTP header, what sampling rate and clock rate [the rate at which the RTP timestamp increments] to use, etc.). An RTP profile specifies these details. The RTP audio/video profile specifies a mapping of specific audio and video codecs and their sampling rates to RTP payload types and clock rates, and how to encode each data format as an RTP data payload, as well as specifying how to describe these mappings using Session Description Protocol (SDP).
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  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Microstructure Formation and Processing Features of Non-Alloy Steels
The properties of structural steel during processing are influenced by various structural components, including equilibrium structures, which include austenite and pearlite, as well as non-equilibrium structures like martensite, residual austenite, sorbite, and troostite. The formation of these structures is determined by factors that include temperature, alloy composition, and cooling medium.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Corrosion Inhibition of Metal Surfaces Mediated by 1,2,3-Triazoles
Corrosion is generally viewed as the destructive consequence of chemical reaction between a metal or metal alloy and its environment that contains corrosive agents. Compared to inorganic corrosion inhibitors, the organic ones are less toxic, can be also used at low concentrations, and have a better film-forming ability. The adsorption properties of organic corrosion inhibitors are primarily linked to the presence of both π-electrons from aromatic rings and heteroatoms in the molecular structures. Indeed, organic compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and oxygen atoms have been extensively investigated as corrosion inhibitors of metals and their alloys in acidic environments. In this respect, triazole derivatives are the most used nitrogen-containing organic inhibitors, in particular the family of 1,2,3-triazoles prepared under click chemistry regime by the prolific copper-catalyzed azide cycloaddition reactions. 
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Death Certificate
The phrase death certificate can refer either to a document issued by a medical practitioner certifying the deceased state of a person or, popularly, to a document issued by a person such as a registrar of vital statistics that declares the date, location and cause of a person's death as later entered in an official register of deaths.
  • 2.0K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Biography
Francis Perrin
Francis Perrin (17 August 1901 – 4 July 1992) was a France physicist,[1] the son of Nobel prize-winning physicist Jean Perrin. Francis Perrin was born in Paris and attended École Normale Supérieure in Paris. In 1928 he obtained a doctorate in mathematical sciences from the faculté des sciences of Paris, based upon a thesis on Brownian motion[2] and became a faculty member of Collège de
  • 2.0K
  • 12 Dec 2022
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