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Topic Review
Christian Psychology
Christian psychology is a merger of theology and psychology. It is an aspect of psychology adhering to the religion of Christianity and its teachings of Jesus Christ to explain the human mind and behavior. Christian psychology is a term typically used in reference to Protestant Christian psychotherapists who strive to fully embrace both their religious beliefs and their psychological training in their professional practice. However, a practitioner in Christian psychology would not accept all psychological ideas, especially those that contradicted or defied the existence of God and the scriptures of the Bible. In the United States, American Psychological Association approved courses in Christian psychology are available at undergraduate and graduate levels based on applied science, Christian philosophy and a Christian understanding of psychology. In modern psychological practices, Christianity is incorporated through various therapies. The main choice of practice is Christian counseling. It allows aspects of psychology, such as emotion, to be partially explained by Christian beliefs. The understanding of the human mind is thought of as both psychological and spiritual. G. C. Dilsaver is considered "the father of Christian psychology" according to the Catholic University of America, but the authors of Psychology and the Church: Critical Questions/Crucial Answers suggest that Norman Vincent Peale pioneered the merger of the two fields. Clyde M. Narramore had a major impact on the field of Christian psychology. He was the founding president of the Rosemead School of Psychology, now affiliated with Biola University., and which has published the Journal of Psychology & Theology since 1973. The Russian Journal Konsultativnaya Psikhologiya i Psikhoterapiya publishes a special issue on Christian Psychology every year.
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sourdough and Its Effect on Bread Properties
Sourdough is a key component in traditional and artisanal bread making. It imparts unique flavors and textures to bread, which are highly sought after by consumers. Accumulated research shows the performance of sourdoughs as an alternative to improve the organoleptic characteristics of bread and its shelf life. 
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Thermodynamic Potential
A thermodynamic potential (or more accurately, a thermodynamic potential energy) is a scalar quantity used to represent the thermodynamic state of a system. The concept of thermodynamic potentials was introduced by Pierre Duhem in 1886. Josiah Willard Gibbs in his papers used the term fundamental functions. One main thermodynamic potential that has a physical interpretation is the internal energy U. It is the energy of configuration of a given system of conservative forces (that is why it is called potential) and only has meaning with respect to a defined set of references (or data). Expressions for all other thermodynamic energy potentials are derivable via Legendre transforms from an expression for U. In thermodynamics, external forces, such as gravity, are typically disregarded when formulating expressions for potentials. For example, while all the working fluid in a steam engine may have higher energy due to gravity while sitting on top of Mount Everest than it would at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the gravitational potential energy term in the formula for the internal energy would usually be ignored because changes in gravitational potential within the engine during operation would be negligible. In a large system under even homogeneous external force, like the earth atmosphere under gravity, the intensive parameters ([math]\displaystyle{ p, T, \rho }[/math]) should be studied locally having even in equilibrium different values in different places far from each other (see thermodynamic models of troposphere].
  • 2.1K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ensiling Process of Horticultural By-Products
Commercial round bale silos is made by wastes from artichoke and broccoli crops and cannery whose industries represent an environmental problem. A viable option to this problem is ensiling them for use as ruminants feed. Twenty-one commercial round bale silos (300 kg and 0.64 m3) of each by-product were made. Samples were analysed at days 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 200 to determine microbial populations, fermentation metabolites, nutritional components, and phytosanitary residues. Feedstuffs showed good suitability for ensiling, and stabilisation was achieved on day 30. The variables with the greatest significant differences among sampling times were microbial populations and fermentative components. There were no important dry matter losses, and some significant differences were observed in the nutritional composition, especially in crude protein and fibrous fractions, but they were not relevant for the loss of nutritional quality of silages. The phytosanitary residues determined on day 200 were below the maximum residue limits set by European legislation. So, ensiling these by-products in commercial round bale silos is a suitable and profitable technique that allows their preservation for a long time (200 days).
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Online Grocery Shopping Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Online shopping has intensified in the last decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed circulation limitations and more restrictive behaviors on consumers due to fears of contracting the virus, boosting online grocery shopping. Online grocery shopping is a form of online shopping for food and other household items processed through e-commerce websites or mobile apps. The studies on online grocery shopping started in the 1990s with the rise of the high-tech generation, who began shopping online for convenience as it simplified their lives. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers focused on panic buying as they were afraid of future shortages. On the other hand, consumers also wanted to decrease the number of times they went shopping to reduce the risk of catching the virus. To avoid getting infected with the virus when physically going to the shops, some people started shopping for food online.
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
CMS-2 (Programming Language)
CMS-2 is an embedded systems programming language used by the United States Navy. It was an early attempt to develop a standardized high-level computer programming language intended to improve code portability and reusability. CMS-2 was developed primarily for the US Navy’s tactical data systems (NTDS). CMS-2 was developed by RAND Corporation in the early 1970s and stands for "Compiler Monitor System". The name "CMS-2" is followed in literature by a letter designating the type of target system. For example, CMS-2M targets Navy 16-bit processors, such as the AN/AYK-14.
  • 2.0K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Attacks on Humanitarian Workers
Humanitarian aid workers belonging to United Nations organisations, PVOs / NGOs or the Red Cross / Red Crescent have traditionally enjoyed both international legal protection, and de facto immunity from attack by belligerent parties. However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and became more frequent since the 1990s and 2000s. In 2017, the Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD) documented 139 humanitarian workers killed in intentional attacks out of the estimated global population of 569,700 workers. In every year since 2013, more than 100 humanitarian workers were killed. This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of neutrality and independence. In 2012 road travel was seen to be the most dangerous context, with kidnappings of aid workers quadrupling in the last decade, reaching more aid workers victims than any other form of attack. The foremost collector of data on attacks against humanitarian workers is the Aid Worker Security Database, which has strict parameters allowing for the data to be compared across the globe over time, producing useful analysis for the humanitarian, policy and academic community. Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is another database that includes attacks on humanitarian workers in addition to other conflict related incidents. Insecurity Insight produces monthly Aid in Danger reports that highlight attacks during the month from news media, the AWSD and ACLED.
  • 2.0K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mechanism of Abrasive-Based Finishing Processes
Various manufacturing industries have been using conventional procedures for finishing the components, such as grinding, honing, lapping, etc., to get the machining components’ desired finishing. However, these conventional procedures of finishing are restricted to very few geometries and cannot work on complex and intricate geometries as well as complicated profiles for finishing of high level, which is required while the operation of the component is in process. These limitations and restrictions in the finishing process have led the industries to develop advanced finishing procedures, known as “Abrasive flow machining (AFM)”. Advances in technology and refinement of available computational resources paved the way for the extensive use of computers to model and simulate complex real-world problems difficult to solve analytically. The appeal of simulations lies in the ability to predict the significance of a change to the system under study. The simulated results can be of great benefit in predicting various behaviors, such as the wind pattern in a particular region, the ability of a material to withstand a dynamic load, or even the behavior of a workpiece under a particular type of machining. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Electrocardiogram Signal Denoising
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in medicine because it can provide basic information about different types of heart disease. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pollen Quality Versus Quantity
Do bees really benefit from the conservation attempts made by us? A study performed recently showed that wild bees do not use plant species sown in wildflower seed mixtures as pollen sources, and it concluded that plant species currently promoted by agri-environmental schemes are not optimal for bees. I have taken a closer look at the factors that determined whether pollen was healthy food for the wild bee larvae or not and the results have led me to propose that a major shift in the perspective of what we considered as bee-friendly plants was definitely warranted.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Rigenera® Micrografts in Oral Regeneration
Biomaterials derive either from nature or synthesized in the laboratory using chemical approaches utilizing metallic components, polymers, ceramics, or composite materials. They are often used and adapted for medical applications. A biomaterial is also defined as autograft, allograft, or xenograft used as a transplant material. In the last decade also tissue engineering and stem cells were deeply studied trying to make better autologous biomaterials ready to be used in regenerative procedures. Micrografts are a new concept of biomaterial, they are enriched of progenitor cells that are a particular type of stem cell excellent in enhancing the regenerative potential. Moreover, another advantage is the easy handling and tissue availability.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Histone deacetylase (HDAC)
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes play crucial roles in epigenetic gene expression and are an attractive therapeutic target. Five HDAC inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment to date, however clinical applications have been limited due to poor single agent drug efficacy and side effects associated with a lack of HDAC isoform or complex selectivity. An emerging strategy aiming to address these limitations is the development of bifunctional HDAC therapeutics – single molecules comprising a HDAC inhibitor conjugated to another specificity targeting moiety. There has been many recent advancements in novel types of dual-targeting HDAC modulators, including PROTACs, often achieving high HDAC isoform selectivity, as well as some dual inhibitor examples affording HDAC complex selectivity. Such bifunctional molecules have future potential in achieving enhanced drug efficacy and therapeutic benefits in treating disease.
  • 2.0K
  • 12 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Wrist Accelerometer
The switch from hip-placed to wrist-worn accelerometers has signaled the focus on developing novel approaches to process raw acceleration data without overly relying on traditional cut points. Indeed, wrist-worn raw acceleration data have been increasingly utilized to capture individuals’ physical behavior patterns. Several traditional methods and cut points have been developed to deal with raw wrist acceleration data, yet they appear to either overestimate or underestimate the outcomes.
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithms for Depression
Over the years, stress, anxiety, and modern-day fast-paced lifestyles have had immense psychological effects on people’s minds worldwide. The global technological development in healthcare digitizes the scopious data, enabling the map of the various forms of human biology more accurately than traditional measuring techniques. Machine learning (ML) has been accredited as an efficient approach for analyzing the massive amount of data in the healthcare domain. ML methodologies are being utilized in mental health to predict the probabilities of mental disorders and, therefore, execute potential treatment outcomes. The ML-based depression detection algorithms are categorized into three classes, classification, deep learning, and ensemble. A general model for depression diagnosis involving data extraction, pre-processing, training ML classifier, detection classification, and performance evaluation is presented.
  • 2.0K
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Lockheed YO-3
The Lockheed YO-3 "Quiet Star" was an United States single-engined, propeller-driven aircraft that was developed for battlefield observation during the Vietnam War. It was designed to be as quiet as possible, and was intended to observe troop movements in near-silence during the hours of darkness.
  • 2.0K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
DUBs Activating Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
The Hedgehog (HH) pathway governs cell proliferation and patterning during embryonic development and is involved in regeneration, homeostasis and stem cell maintenance in adult tissues. The activity of this signaling is finely modulated at multiple levels and its dysregulation contributes to the onset of several human cancers. Ubiquitylation is a coordinated post-translational modification that controls a wide range of cellular functions and signaling transduction pathways. It is mediated by a sequential enzymatic network, in which ubiquitin ligase (E3) and deubiquitylase (DUBs) proteins are the main actors. The dynamic balance of the activity of these enzymes dictates the abundance and the fate of cellular proteins, thus affecting both physiological and pathological processes. Several E3 ligases regulating the stability and activity of the key components of the HH pathway have been identified. Further, DUBs have emerged as novel players in HH signaling transduction, resulting as attractive and promising drug targets.
  • 2.0K
  • 04 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Litsea cubeba
Litsea cubeba is a special woody oil plant resource in China, which is mainly distributed in provinces and regions in the south of the Yangtze River. For the past several decades, Litsea cubeba essential oil has been the only product for trading, which can be extracted from its whole plant, including leaves, flowers, fruits, trunks, and even roots. Based on the zero-waste biorefinery concept, residues generated from Litsea cubeba essential oil processing have recently been found as potential sources for various plant-based products with added values, i.e., kernel oil with a high content of medium chain fatty acids might be used for the sustainable production of surfactants or even biofuels, pomace including protein might be used as a good source for feeding.
  • 2.0K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Brain Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Deficits after Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest occurs as a result of a sudden stop of the heartbeat and its mechanical activity, which causes cessation of systemic circulation and blood flow in the brain, which triggers global brain ischemia. Brain neuropathology after cardiac arrest includes primary ischemic injury and secondary reperfusion injury, which occur sequentially, acutely during cardiac arrest and resuscitation, and chronically in the post-resuscitation stag.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Robust Outlier-Adaptive Filtering
With the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a major area of interest in the research field of UAVs has been vision-aided inertial navigation systems (V-INS). In the front-end of V-INS, image processing extracts information about the surrounding environment and determines features or points of interest. With the extracted vision data and inertial measurement unit (IMU) dead reckoning, the most widely used algorithm for estimating vehicle and feature states in the back-end of V-INS is an extended Kalman filter (EKF). An important assumption of the EKF is Gaussian white noise. In fact, measurement outliers that arise in various realistic conditions are often non-Gaussian. A lack of compensation for unknown noise parameters often leads to a serious impact on the reliability and robustness of these navigation systems. To compensate for uncertainties of the outliers, we require modified versions of the estimator or the incorporation of other techniques into the filter. The main purpose of this paper is to develop accurate and robust V-INS for UAVs, in particular, those for situations pertaining to such unknown outliers. Feature correspondence in image processing front-end rejects vision outliers, and then a statistic test in filtering back-end detects the remaining outliers of the vision data. For frequent outliers occurrence, variational approximation for Bayesian inference derives a way to compute the optimal noise precision matrices of the measurement outliers. The overall process of outlier removal and adaptation is referred to here as “outlier-adaptive filtering”. Even though almost all approaches of V-INS remove outliers by some method, few researchers have treated outlier adaptation in V-INS in much detail. Here, results from flight datasets validate the improved accuracy of V-INS employing the proposed outlier-adaptive filtering framework.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Mammalian Na+/H+ Exchanger
The mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1, isoform 1) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein of mammalian cells. It removes one intracellular proton in exchange for a single extracellular sodium ion. NHE1 has several important physiological functions. It maintains intracellular pH (pHi) while protecting cells from acidification as a result of metabolism. It also regulates cell volume in response to osmotic challenge. There are ten isoforms of NHE that are different gene products. In human pathology, NHE1 is critical in several diseases, including myocardial heart hypertrophy and ischemia reperfusion damage . NHE1 is also important in breast cancer, where it acts as a trigger for metastasis.
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Nov 2020
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