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Topic Review
Bacillus coagulans in Animal Husbandry
In recent decades, probiotics have attracted widespread attention and their application in healthcare and animal husbandry has been promising. Among many probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has become a key player in the field of probiotics in recent years. It has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improving immunity, and more importantly, it also has good industrial properties such as high temperature resistance, acid resistance, bile resistance, and the like.
  • 842
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms and Their Feasibility
The role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) has been extensively studied in soil-based systems. PGPMs, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and rhizobia, increase the production of biomass in plants through synthesizing hormones, fixing nitrogen, and solubilizing phosphate and potassium.
  • 839
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidant Mechanisms in Oocytes
Although oocytes can mitigate oxidative stress via intrinsic antioxidant systems, the formation of ribonucleoprotein granules, mitophagy, and the cryopreservation-inflicted oxidative damage cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, exogenous antioxidants such as melatonin and resveratrol are widely used in oocyte cryopreservation to reduce oxidative damage through direct or indirect scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • 837
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Hydrogen in Horticulture
Improvements in the growth, yield, and quality of horticultural crops require the development of simply integrated, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly solutions. Hydrogen gas (H2) has been observed to have fertilization effects on soils by influencing rhizospheric microorganisms, resulting in improvements in crop yield and quality. Ample studies have shown that H2 has positive effects on horticultural crops, such as promoting root development, enhancing tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress, prolonging storage life, and improving postharvest quality of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers.
  • 836
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Arthrobacter  in Dairy Products
Milk is naturally a rich source of many essential nutrients; therefore, it is quite a suitable medium for bacterial growth and serves as a reservoir for bacterial contamination. The genus Arthrobacter is a food-related bacterial group commonly present as a contaminant in milk and dairy products as primary and secondary microflora. Arthrobacter bacteria frequently demonstrate the nutritional versatility to degrade different compounds even in extreme environments. As a result of their metabolic diversity, Arthrobacter species have long been of interest to scientists for application in various industry and biotechnology sectors. In the dairy industry, strains from the Arthrobacter genus are part of the microflora of raw milk known as an indicator of hygiene quality. Although they cause spoilage, they are also regarded as important strains responsible for producing fermented milk products, especially cheeses. Several Arthrobacter spp. have reported their significance in the development of cheese color and flavor. Furthermore, based on the data obtained from previous studies about its thermostability, and thermoacidophilic and thermoresistant properties, the genus Arthrobacter promisingly provides advantages for use as a potential producer of β-galactosidases to fulfill commercial requirements as its enzymes allow dairy products to be treated under mild conditions. In light of these beneficial aspects derived from Arthrobacter spp. including pigmentation, flavor formation, and enzyme production, this bacterial genus is potentially important for the dairy industry.
  • 835
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Adropin as A Fat-Burning Hormone
Adropin is a unique hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (Enho) gene. Adropin is produced in the liver and brain, and also in peripheral tissues such as in the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, adropin is present in the circulatory system. A decade after its discovery, there is evidence that adropin may contribute to body weight regulation, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and cardiovascular system functions.
  • 834
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Multifarious Functions of Lignin in Plant Defense Responses
Lignin is complex, three-dimensional biopolymer existing in plant cell wall. Lignin biosynthesis is increasingly highlighted because it is closely related to the wide applications in agriculture and industry productions, including in pulping process, forage digestibility, bio-fuel, and carbon sequestration. The functions of lignin in planta have also attracted more attentions, particularly in plant defense response against different pathogens.
  • 834
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Scaffold for Mineralized Tissues Regeneration
Conventional bone grafting procedures used to treat bone defects have several limitations. An important aspect of bone tissue engineering is developing novel bone substitute biomaterials for bone grafts to repair orthopedic defects. Considerable attention has been given to chitosan, a natural biopolymer primarily extracted from crustacean shells, which offers desirable characteristics, such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoconductive. 
  • 832
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Unique Orchid Arundina graminifolia
Although the regulatory conduits for continuous flowering are basically connected to dormancy and bud release, A. graminifolia is unique in the aspect that it escapes dormancy and rapidly completes the flowering initiation and development. Therefore, the molecular patterning of continuous flowering is an interesting subject to study
  • 832
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
RNA Interference for ACP Control
In recent years, biotechnological advances have offered safe and environmentally friendly alternatives for crop production. Technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing have emerged as innovative tools for agricultural pest management. Here, we provide an overview of RNAi as a promising approach for ACP control and discuss the associated challenges.
  • 831
  • 09 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Rice–Aquatic Species Integration System (RASp)
To ensure the sustainability of rice production and uplift the livelihoods of rice growers, agricultural diversification becomes imperative. By diversifying agricultural practices, farmers can strike a balance between rice cultivation and other crops, mitigating the environmental impacts of excessive input usage. Implementing innovative techniques, such as integrating rice with aquatic species (RASp), can optimize resource utilization and reduce reliance on vast amounts of water and synthetic inputs. Rice–aquatic species integration is a form of intensification where rice (R) remains the primary crop while aquatic species (ASp) become secondary products. This integration empowers efficient water use, offering a solution for sustainable food production. RASp presents an innovative and holistic farming system that harnesses the ecological synergies between rice and aquatic species to optimize resource utilization, enhance productivity, and mitigate environmental impacts.
  • 831
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Transition Period of Dairy Cows
Considerable literature exists on the severe challenges faced by dairy cows at their transition from calving to lactation. Most studies focus on the transition period (TP) phase, which begins three weeks before calving and spans the first three weeks of lactation. Typically, this physiological phase implies severe alterations in the metabolic asset of dairy cows. These alterations are driven by sudden changes in hormonal trends and nutrient partitioning as well as by the adaptation of the animal’s metabolism to the negative energy and protein balance conditions driven by late pregnancy and early lactation requirements.
  • 829
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications on Bovine Milk
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is emerging as a promising technique for the analysis of bovine milk, primarily due to its non-destructive nature, minimal sample preparation requirements, and comprehensive approach to untargeted milk analysis. These inherent strengths of NMR make it a formidable complementary tool to mass spectrometry-based techniques in milk metabolomic studies.
  • 829
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Oxidized β-Carotene
Oxidized β-carotene (OxBC), a phytochemical that occurs naturally in plants, including fruits and vegetables, is formed by the spontaneous reaction of β-carotene with ambient oxygen. Synthetic OxBC, obtained by the full oxidation of β-carotene with air, shows considerable promise as a parts-per-million in-feed antimicrobial alternative additive that enhances health and performance in poultry, swine, and ruminant species. OxBC is predominantly composed of β-carotene–oxygen copolymers that have beneficial immune-modulating effects.
  • 828
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Sloths
Sloths are some of the most fascinating and unique creatures in the animal kingdom. Known for their incredibly slow movements, these tree-dwelling mammals spend most of their lives hanging upside down in the rainforests of Central and South America. But there's so much more to them than just their leisurely pace.
  • 828
  • 29 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture
Nano-enabled agriculture is now receiving increasing attentions. Among the used nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials are good candidates for sustainable agriculture. Previous review papers about the role of carbon-based nanomaterials in agriculture are either focused on one type of carbon-based nanomaterial or lack systematic discussion of the potential wide applications in agriculture.
  • 828
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Anthocyanin Acylation in North American Grapes
Hydroxycinnamylated anthocyanins (or simply ‘acylated anthocyanins’) increase color stability in grape products, such as wine.
  • 827
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Asthma and COVID-19 Associations
Asthma is no longer considered a single disease entity but rather an umbrella term used to describe a collection of various phenotypes and endotypes. Asthma manifests as an obstruction of airflow due to airway hyper-responsiveness, leading to symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness.
  • 827
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Equine Welfare and Assessment in the United Kingdom
In order to assess equine welfare meaningfully, it is important to consider what is meant by ‘animal welfare’, and there are varied definitions of the term. These include ideas that welfare is the animal’s state regarding attempts to cope with his/her environment, incorporating both physical health and mental wellbeing, which are influenced by factors such as those from the 'five freedoms' and the 'five domains', and concepts focusing on the quality of life, such as 'a life worth living'. Differences in definitions may arise due to differences in moral or ethical standards of society and stakeholders being inclined to emphasise different aspects of animal welfare (e.g., health, productivity, behaviour, ‘naturalness’, etc.).
  • 827
  • 10 May 2022
Topic Review
S. Enteritidis on Chicken Eggshells
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a pathogen that poses a health risk. Shell eggs have been reported as one of the principal vehicles for the transmission of bacterial pathogens. The cuticle on eggshells (the organic layer of freshly laid egg) is damaged during extended storage of the egg, leading to the penetration of pathogens attached to the eggshell surface and in the surrounding environment. Therefore, effective disinfection on eggshells is urgently required to maintain good quality egg products by preventing bacterial contaminants from entering eggs.
  • 826
  • 13 Aug 2021
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