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Biography
Jean Gagnepain
Jean Gagnepain (November 16, 1923 – January 3, 2006) was a French linguist and anthropologist. Jean Gagnepain was born on November 16, 1923, in Sully-sur-Loire (Loiret, France ). After obtaining an Agrégation in grammar, he carried on his study of language under the direction of Joseph Vendryes. He went to Dublin for about ten years to study celtic languages and concluded his stay in Irel
  • 996
  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Tom Cotter
Tom Cotter (born 1972) is an American conservationist, entrepreneur, renewable energy advocate, and ordained evangelical minister living in Clovis, California . Tom Cotter grew up in Napa Valley, California , United States . A significant influence was the Boy Scouts of America. In 1988, Cotter was awarded the title of Eagle Scout. In 1997, he was ordained clergy at First Christian Churc
  • 993
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Edward Frederick Robert Bage
Edward Frederick Robert Bage (17 April 1888 – 7 May 1915) was an Australian polar explorer with Douglas Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition in 1912, and a soldier with the Royal Australian Engineers during World War I. Bob Bage was the only son of Edward Bage,[1] a wholesale chemist from St Kilda, a suburb of Melbourne. He had two sisters, Freda Bage, who would become a lecturer in b
  • 993
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
J. Richard Gott
John Richard Gott III (born February 8, 1947) is a professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University. He is known for his work on time travel and the Doomsday argument. Paul Davies's bestseller How to Build a Time Machine credits Gott with the proposal of using cosmic strings to create a time machine. Gott's machine depends upon the antigravitational tension of the (hypothetical) st
  • 992
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Elias Burstein
Elias "Eli" Burstein (September 30, 1917 – June 17, 2017) was an American experimental condensed matter physicist whose active career in science spanned seven decades.[1] He is known for his pioneering fundamental research in the optical physics of solids; for writing and editing hundreds of articles and other publications; for bringing together scientists from around the world in internationa
  • 992
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Peter Freund
Peter George Oliver Freund (7 September 1936, Timișoara – 6 March 2018, Chicago ) was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Chicago.[1] He made important contributions to particle physics and string theory. He was also active as a writer. Peter George Oliver Freund was born, raised and educated in the Romanian city of Timișoara. Because of his participation in an anti-So
  • 992
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
William V. Houston
William Vermillion Houston (January 19, 1900 – August 22, 1968) was an United States physicist who made contributions to spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, and solid-state physics as well as being a teacher and administrator. He became the second president of Rice University in 1946. His family name is pronounced HOW-stun, in contrast to the pronunciation of the city of Houston in which he live
  • 991
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Breast Cancer Biomedical Imaging
With the exponential increase in new cases coupled with an increased mortality rate, cancer has ranked as the second most prevalent cause of death in the world. Early detection is paramount for suitable diagnosis and effective treatment of different kinds of cancers, but this is limited to the accuracy and sensitivity of available diagnostic imaging methods. Breast cancer is the most widely diagnosed cancer among women across the globe with a high percentage of total cancer deaths requiring an intensive, accurate, and sensitive imaging approach. Indeed, it is treatable when detected at an early stage. Hence, the use of state of the art computational approaches has been proposed as a potential alternative approach for the design and development of novel diagnostic imaging methods for breast cancer. Thus, this entry provides a concise overview of past and present conventional diagnostics approaches in breast cancer detection. 
  • 990
  • 22 Oct 2020
Biography
Kip Siegel
Keeve M. (Kip) Siegel (1923-1975) was a United States of America physicist. He was a professor of Physics at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI, and the founder of Conductron Corporation, a high tech producer of electronic equipment which was absorbed by McDonnell Douglas Corporation; KMS Industries and KMS Fusion. KMS Fusion was the first and only private sector company to pursue contr
  • 990
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
David Ceperley
David Ceperley (1949-) is a theoretical physicist in the physics department at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign or UIUC. He is a world expert in the area of Quantum Monte Carlo computations, a method of calculation that is generally recognized to provide accurate quantitative results for many-body problems described by quantum mechanics. Ceperley was born in Charleston, West Virgin
  • 990
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
George Nelson
George Driver "Pinky" Nelson (born (1950-07-13)July 13, 1950) is an American physicist, astronomer, science educator, and a former NASA astronaut. Nelson was born on July 13, 1950, in Charles City, Iowa, but considers Willmar, Minnesota, to be his hometown. He graduated from Willmar Senior High School, Willmar, Minnesota, in 1968. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Harve
  • 989
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel
Calcium-activated potassium channels are potassium channels gated by calcium, or that are structurally or phylogenetically related to calcium gated channels. They were first discovered in 1958 by Gardos who saw that Calcium levels inside of a cell could affect the permeability of potassium through that cell membrane. Then in 1970, Meech was the first to observe that intracellular calcium could trigger potassium currents. In humans they are divided into three subtypes large conductance or BK channels, which have very high conductance which range from 100 to 300 pS, intermediate conductance or IK channels, with intermediate conductance ranging from 25 to 100 pS, and small conductance or SK channels with small conductances from 2-25 pS. This family of ion channels is, for the most part, activated by intracellular Ca2+ and contains 8 members in the human genome. However, some of these channels (the KCa4 and KCa5 channels) are responsive instead to other intracellular ligands, such as Na+, Cl−, and pH. Furthermore, multiple members of family are both ligand and voltage activated, further complicating the description of this family. The KCa channel α subunits have six or seven transmembrane segments, similar to the KV channels but occasionally with an additional N-terminal transmembrane helix. The α subunits make homo- and hetero-tetrameric complexes. The calcium binding domain may be contained in the α subunit sequence, as in KCa1, or may be through an additional calcium binding protein such as calmodulin.
  • 987
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Zebrafish Models for Skeletal Muscle Senescence
Aging and sarcopenic changes in skeletal muscles not only reduce locomotor activities in elderly people but also increase the chance of trauma, such as bone fractures, and the incidence of other diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, due to reduced physical activity.
  • 985
  • 22 Dec 2022
Biography
Solomon Isaakovich Pekar
Solomon Isaakovich Pekar (March 16, 1917 – July 8, 1985), a Soviet theoretical physicist, born in Kiev, Ukraine . He was a full Member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and is known for his fundamental contributions to condensed matter physics, especially for introducing and advancing the concept of polaron as a charge carrier in solids. In 1941 Pekar submitted his Candidate of Science t
  • 982
  • 11 Dec 2022
Biography
Paul O. Müller
Paul O. Müller (born April 18, 1915 in Graz; d. March 9, 1942 at Pechenkino near Sukhinichi) was an Austrian theoretical nuclear physicist who worked in the German Uranverein. He was drafted into the German armed forces and died on the Russian Front in World War II.[1] Müller undertook graduate studies at the University of Graz. He received his doctorate in Graz on February 25, 1939, under
  • 981
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Ward Plummer
E. Ward Plummer is an American physicist. His main contributions are in surface physics of metals. Plummer is a Professor of Physics at Louisiana State University. Plummer received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lewis and Clark College in 1962 and completed his Ph.D. degree in physics at Cornell University in 1967, working with Prof. Thor Rhodin. His thesis work was on atomic binding of 5-d t
  • 980
  • 10 Nov 2022
Biography
Annie Beatrice Van Der Biest Thielan Wetmore
Annie Beatrice van der Biest Thielen Wetmore (11 January 1910 – 1 March 1997), widely known as Bea Wetmore, was an American ornithologist and benefactor.[1] She was born Annie Beatrice van der Biest Thielen in 1910 on the Caribbean island of Curaçao, which is a territory of the Netherlands. Bea was a translator conversant in several languages including Dutch, English, Spanish, and Papiame
  • 979
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Obesity and Kidney Disease
Obesity indirectly causes strain on the kidneys by increasing blood pressure, intensifying renal tubular sodium reabsorption, and weakening pressure natriuresis. These events lead to volume expansion by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Physical compression of the kidneys from surplus visceral adipose tissue also impacts kidney health and function. Obesity also can lead to renal vasodilation and glomerular hyperfiltration that initially serve as compensatory mechanisms to maintain a sodium balance in the face of increased tubular reabsorption. These potential mechanisms may make obesity a risk for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • 977
  • 17 Mar 2022
Biography
Moshé Feldenkrais
Moshé Pinchas Feldenkrais (Hebrew: משה פנחס פלדנקרייז‎, May 6, 1904 – July 1, 1984) was a Ukraine -Israeli engineer and physicist, known as the founder of the Feldenkrais Method, a system of physical exercise that aims to improve human functioning by increasing self-awareness through movement. Feldenkrais' theory is that "thought, feeling, perception and movement are closel
  • 975
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fusospirochetal Gingivitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 975
  • 30 Nov 2022
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