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Topic Review
Situation of Velvet Deer Germplasm Resources in China
Velvet deer are not only a representative special economic animal but also an important part of livestock. With the increasing awareness of international competition for germplasm resources in China, more and more attention has been paid to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. 
  • 484
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms and Their Feasibility
The role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) has been extensively studied in soil-based systems. PGPMs, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and rhizobia, increase the production of biomass in plants through synthesizing hormones, fixing nitrogen, and solubilizing phosphate and potassium.
  • 484
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
American Marten
The American Marten (Martes americana), a charismatic and agile member of the mustelid family, is native to the forests of North America. Renowned for its sleek fur, arboreal prowess, and elusive nature, the American Marten plays a significant ecological role in the diverse ecosystems it inhabits.
  • 484
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bushy-tailed Mongoose
The Bushy-tailed mongoose (Bdeogale crassicauda) is a medium-sized carnivore found in the forests and woodlands of Central and East Africa. With its distinctive long, bushy tail and sleek, reddish-brown fur, this mongoose is known for its arboreal habits and agile climbing abilities. As an opportunistic predator, the Bushy-tailed mongoose preys on a variety of small vertebrates, insects, and fruits, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem as both a predator and seed disperser.
  • 484
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Marine Polysaccharides and Pigs Weaning
Weaning is the most crucial event in commercial pig farms in terms of animal productivity and health. The newly weaned pig not only transits from milk to a solid and more complex diet, but is also subjected to additional stressors including separation from sow and littermates, co-mingling with unknown pigs, adaptation to new environmental settings, and increased pathogen exposure. All these stressors result in reduced feed intake, lasting up to 48 h post-weaning, which is the main driver of the observed gastrointestinal dysfunction, poor performance, and post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). Marine polysaccharides from macroalgae and chitin provide an interesting source of novel bio-actives and are interesting group of natural dietary supplements for use in pig nutrition due to their prebiotic, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. Hence, they offer great potential as preventatives and prophylactics in pig diets.
  • 483
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Bioacoustic Detection of Wolves
Wolves (Canis lupus) are generally monitored by visual observations, camera traps, and DNA traces. However, several studies use acoustic devices to monitor wolves.
  • 483
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Kinkajou
The Kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a fascinating mammal native to the tropical forests of Central and South America. Also known as the "honey bear" due to its fondness for sweet foods, the Kinkajou possesses a distinctive appearance with a prehensile tail, sharp claws, and a long, slender body. Primarily nocturnal and arboreal, the Kinkajou plays a vital role in forest ecosystems as a pollinator and seed disperser, making it an important species for conservation efforts in its native habitat.
  • 483
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Ethylene-Nitric Oxide in Salt Tolerance
Salt stress significantly contributes to major losses in agricultural productivity worldwide. The sustainable approach for salinity-accrued toxicity has been explored. The use of plant growth regulators/phytohormones, mineral nutrients and other signaling molecules is one of the major approaches for reversing salt-induced toxicity in plants. Application of the signaling molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene (ETH) and major mineral nutrient such as nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) play significant roles in combatting the major consequences of salt stress impacts in plants. However, the literature available on gaseous signaling molecules (NO/ETH) or/and mineral nutrients (N/S) stands alone, and major insights into the role of NO or/and ETH along with N and S in plant-tolerance to salt remained unclear. Thus, this review aimed to (a) briefly overview salt stress and highlight salt-induced toxicity, (b) appraise the literature reporting potential mechanisms underlying the role of gaseous signaling molecules and mineral nutrient in salt stress tolerance, and (c) discuss NO and ETH along with N and S in relation to salt stress tolerance. In addition, significant issues that have still to be investigated in this context have been mentioned.
  • 482
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig MYB132
The R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play several key roles in numerous plant biological processes. Hedychium coronarium is an important ornamental plant well-known for its elegant flower shape and abundant aroma type. The floral aroma of H. coronarium is due to the presence of a large amount of terpenes and benzenoids. However, less is known about the role of R2R3-MYB TFs in the regulatory mechanism of floral aroma production in this breed. Herein, we isolate and functionally characterize the R2R3-MYB TF HcMYB132, which is potentially involved in regulating floral aroma synthesis. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that it includes a nuclear localization signal NLS(s) and a 2R, 3R motif signature in the sequences. A subcellular localization assay revealed that HcMYB132 protein localizes to the nucleus. Real-time qPCR assays showed that HcMYB132 is specifically expressed in flowers and its expression pattern correlates with the emission of floral volatile compounds. In HcMYB132-silenced flowers, the levels of floral volatile compounds were significantly reduced, and the expression of key structural volatile synthesis genes was downregulated compared to control. Collectively, these results suggest that HcMYB132 might play a significant role in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in H. coronarium.
  • 481
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
AKR1B10
Preventing the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 is a crucial goal for reducing the occurrence of severe acute respiratory failure and improving outcomes. The analysis of transcriptomic data from lung samples of patients who died from COVID-19 demonstrates an increased expression of the gene encoding AKR1B10.
  • 481
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Use of Insect Meal for Poultry Diets
Interest has grown among poultry nutritionists in using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, to meet the protein requirements of poultry due to sustainability concerns surrounding traditional protein sources such as soybean and fish meal. Insect meal can be produced from different insects, including black soldier fly, mealworms, and house crickets, and its nutrient composition varies depending on the insect species, the substrate they are reared on, and the production method. Insect meal has been shown to be a rich source of protein, amino acids (lysine, methionine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, zinc), with a high digestibility rate, making it a valuable feed ingredient for poultry production. Additionally, using insect meal in poultry feed could reduce the cost of production and the environmental impact on the industry. Furthermore, the use of insect meal has the potential to improve the growth performance and meat quality of poultry species.
  • 481
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Canadian Lynx
The Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis) is a medium-sized wildcat species native to North America, predominantly found in boreal forests and mountainous regions. Recognizable for its distinctive tufted ears, thick fur coat, and short tail, this elusive carnivore is well-adapted to cold climates and dense forest habitats. Known for its stealthy hunting prowess and preference for snowshoe hares, the Canadian Lynx plays a vital role in regulating prey populations and maintaining ecosystem balance in its range.
  • 480
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hoary Fox
The Hoary Fox (Lycalopex vetulus), a small canid species native to South America, captivates with its distinctive appearance and elusive nature. Characterized by a striking grizzled or hoary coat, this fox species navigates the savannas and grasslands of Brazil with an air of resilience and adaptability. Despite its enchanting presence, the Hoary Fox faces conservation challenges linked to habitat alteration and human-wildlife conflicts.
  • 480
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Boar Sperm Proteins
Artificial insemination with extended liquid boar semen is widely used in the swine industry. The identification of the relationship between boar sperm characteristics and fertility could be of substantial importance to reproduction management.
  • 479
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Grapevine Smoke Exposure
Grapevine smoke exposure and the subsequent development of smoke taint in wine has resulted in significant financial losses for grape growers and winemakers throughout the world. Smoke taint is characterized by objectional smoky aromas such as “ashy”, “burning rubber”, and “smoked meats”, resulting in wine that is unpalatable and hence unprofitable.
  • 477
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
The Iconisation of Yeast Spreads
Spent brewer’s yeast is the second largest by-product generated by the brewing industry. The term “spent brewer’s yeast” is used to describe yeast that is surplus to the brewer’s needs or is no longer needed in the brewing process.
  • 477
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Urine HPV Testing
Urine HPV detection has the potential to become a most promising tool that could expand the possibilities in changing genital and cervical cancer prevention strategies as well as in the surveillance and management of genital precancer.
  • 476
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Dendritic Cells and Exosomes in Antitumor Immunity
Dendritic cells play a fundamental role in the antitumor immunity cycle, and the loss of their antigen-presenting function is a recognized mechanism of tumor evasion. Recently it demonstrated the effect of exosomes extracted from serum of patients with acute myeloid leukemia as important inducers of dendritic cell immunotolerance, adding evidence on the important role of intercellular communication by nanoparticles on antitumor responses.
  • 476
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in Neospora caninum
Glutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. Previous study identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, Neospora caninum. This entry will confirm that the GRXs S14 and C5 are located in the apicoplast, which suggests unique functions for these proteins. Although single-gene deficiency did not affect the growth of parasites, a double knockout (Δgrx S14Δgrx C5) significantly reduced their reproductive capacity. However, there were no significant changes in redox indices (GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical levels) in double-knockout parasites, indicating that grx S14 and grx C5 are not essential for maintaining the redox balance in parasite cells. Key amino acid mutations confirmed that the Cys203 of grx S14 and Cys253/256 of grx C5 are important for parasite growth. Based on comparative proteomics, 79 proteins were significantly downregulated in double-knockout parasites, including proteins mainly involved in the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and protein translation. Collectively, GRX S14 and GRX C5 coordinate the growth of parasites. However, considering their special localization, the unique functions of GRX S14 and GRX C5 need to be further studied.
  • 476
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Production and Biochemical Characterization of Dimeric Recombinant Gremlin-1
Gremlin-1 is a secreted cystine-knot protein that acts as an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and as a ligand of heparin and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), thus regulating several physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and cancer. Gremlin-1 exists both as a monomeric and dimeric protein.
  • 475
  • 10 Feb 2022
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