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Topic Review
Types and Applications of Unconventional Feed
Unconventional feed, which is abundant in China, contains anti-nutritional factors and toxins; however, these can be greatly reduced with microbial fermentation, thus improving the nutrient content of the feed, enhancing animal appetites, and ultimately significantly improving the intestinal health and growth performance of animals. When oxidative stress occurs, fermented feed can effectively reduce the damage caused by stress to the gastrointestinal tract, accelerate the removal of gastrointestinal abnormalities, improve the ability to resist intestinal stress, and ensure the efficient production of animals. 
  • 939
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Fluorescent Tracers by Soybean
Systemic seed treatment uptake was investigated in seeds and seedlings using fluorescent tracers to mimic systemic agrochemicals. Soybean was used as the model as soybean has the permeable seed coat characteristic to both charged and noncharged molecules. The purpose of the paper is to (1) screen 32 fluorescent tracers and then use optimal tracers for seed and seedling uptake, (2) investigate varietal differences in seed uptake, (3) examine the distribution of tracer uptake into 14-day-old seedlings, and (4) study the relationship between seed treatment lipophilicity, measured as log P on seed and root uptake. The major chemical families that displayed both seed and seedling uptake were coumarins and xanthenes. Seed uptake of coumarin 120 ranged from 1.1% to 4.8% of the applied seed treatment tracer from 15 yellow-seeded varieties. Rhodamine B, a xanthene compound uptake in seedlings, showed translocation from the applied seed treatment to all seedling tissues. Most of the tracer was measured in the hypocotyl and root, with lesser amounts in the epicotyl and true leaves. Log P is well documented in the literature to model systemic uptake by roots, but log P of the tracers were not related to seed uptake.
  • 937
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Endomembrane System and Abiotic Stress in Plants
The sustainable exploitation of agri-environmental systems focuses more and more on practices where crops and plant species are adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions. Recent studies have shown that increased stress tolerance is related to the reorganization of cell membranes that sometimes lead to major changes in the solutes’ homeostasis and water transfer. When under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress.
  • 935
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobials and Food-Related Stresses
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation uses physical energy, and it is a non-thermal and non-chemical technology used by the food industry for liquid and solid surface decontamination, to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, as well as viruses and protozoa. UV radiations at short wavelengths, in the range of from 220 to 280 nm, result in physical damage to the nucleic acids and inhibit bacterial replication by induction of the formation of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers, which blocks DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell death . However, the repair mechanism of UV damage, especially by photoreactivation, is a major disadvantage of UV disinfection .
  • 930
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Urban Public Food Procurement
Urban public food procurement can address malnutrition and improve the beneficiary experience at public institutions whilst reshaping food systems to be healthier and more sustainable. By developing, improving, and scaling public food procurement, urban governments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can reach the most vulnerable whilst improving farmer livelihoods, creating business opportunities, and addressing environmental concerns. 
  • 930
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Microbial Toxins in Insect/Nematode Biocontrol
Invertebrate pests, such as insects and nematodes, not only cause or transmit human and livestock diseases but also impose serious crop losses by direct injury as well as vectoring pathogenic microbes. This is amply demonstrated by the successful and widespread use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control mosquitos and many plant pests, the latter by the transgenic expression of Bt-insecticidal proteins in crop plants. Identifying as well as characterizing the molecular nature and regulation of the biocidal activity has led to the enormous success of Bt as a biocontrol agent, which serves as a great model for advancing nascent biocontrol agents into commercial products. 
  • 929
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Metal Nanoparticles against Viruses
This study is an actual review about of recent studies using metal nanocomposites as antivirals against coronavirus and structurally similar viruses. We wrote this review in a new perspective, within the scope of nanomaterials, the purpose of the review is to demonstrate the potential of nanoparticles in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 928
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Cathepsin S in Rabbits's cells
In goat and sheep, CTSS is reported to be important for the development and maturation of oocytes by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CTSS in regulating cell apoptosis and hormone secretion in rabbit granulosa cells. Our results suggested that the CTSS gene can promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and reduce its apoptosis in vitro, while overexpression of CTSS promoted the secretion of progesterone and estrogen in rabbit granulosa cells. Therefore, manipulation of CTSS may improve development of oocytes, and thus provide an approach for better manipulation of rabbit reproductive performance.  
  • 925
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Heat Stress-Induced Responses in Dairy Cattle
Next-generation numerical approaches, such as machine learning techniques and big data analytics, are also increasingly applied in the animal production sector. In the dairy cattle sector, the evaluation of the effects induced by heat stress is still one of the most impactful and investigated aspects as it is strongly connected to both sustainability of the production and animal welfare. On the other hand, more recently, the possibility of collecting a large dataset made available by the increasing technology diffusion is paving the way for the application of advanced numerical techniques based on machine learning or big data approaches. In this scenario, driven by rapid change, there could be the risk of dispersing the relevant information represented by the physiological animal component, which should maintain the central role in the development of numerical models and tools.
  • 924
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Skin Disease Treatment
Treatment goals of inflammatory skin diseases are mainly symptom control and improving quality of life. The treatment options for inflammatory skin diseases include corticosteroids; vitamin D3 analogues; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate and cyclosporine; and newly developed biological-targeted drugs targeting on the IL-23/Th-17 axis, such as brodalumab and risankizumab . Both expensive biologics and systemic treatment may cause serious side effects.
  • 923
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed
The use of non-thermal plasmas in agriculture or plant biology has also been widely reported in the last few years. The topics, related to the decontamination of seeds, modification of surface properties, metabolomic pathways, and enzymatic activity, enhancing seed germination and the initial growth, are summarized e.g., in Plants 2021, 10, 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081616. Disease control and mycotoxin degradation were also reported.
  • 923
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Camelina Meal as a Livestock Feed Ingredient
Camelina sativa is an annual oilseed crop that requires low inputs. Recently, interest in camelina oil for both human use and biofuel production has increased. Camelina meal can result in decreased dry matter (DM) intake; it has greater neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, as well as greater antinutritional factors than protein meal produced from some of the more commonly cultivated oilseeds. It is, however, still a viable feed ingredient in animal diets as a protein source.
  • 923
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Farm-level in Pig Production
Specialist systematically mapped the scientific literature on the sustainability of pig production at farm-level. Sustainability was considered holistically, i.e. economic, environmental, and social dimensions, each consisting of a broad range of different aspects that may contradict or reinforce each other. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 with a geographical focus on Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand was included. We found that papers analysing environmental sustainability were more frequent than papers analysing economic or social sustainability. However, there are many different aspects within each dimension of sustainability, hampering comparisons between studies. These interrelations are not well understood and that possible trade-offs or synergies between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified. This systematic mapping of the current literature on farm-level sustainability in pig production can support a more informed discussion on knowledge gaps and help prioritise future research at farm-level to enhance sustainability in pig production.
  • 922
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
A Fiber-Specific Promoter in Cotton
Cotton fibers, single seed trichomes derived from ovule epidermal cells, are the major source of global textile fibers. Fiber-specific promoters are desirable to study gene function and to modify fiber properties during fiber development. A regulatory sequence from Rho-related GTPase6 (GhROP6) that is predominantly active in initiating and elongating cotton fibers was introduced. 
  • 921
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Guiding Nutritious Food Choices
For the food system to become more sustainable and nutritious, the environment in which consumers’ choices are shaped and informed has an important influence on their diet. Health-positive policies and regulations can support investment and increased intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, as well as mandating these foods to form part of institutional feeding programmes such as national school nutrition programs. Efforts to regulate the marketing of commercial products and services can be highly controversial, but they have been shown to be effective in driving food choices.
  • 919
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
CsAGA1 and CsAGA2 Mediate RFO Hydrolysis
A Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) is one of the major translocated sugars in the vascular bundle of cucumber, but little RFOs can be detected in fruits. Alpha-galactosidases (α-Gals) catalyze the first catabolism step of RFOs. Six α-Gal genes exist in a cucumber genome, but their spatial functions in fruits remain unclear.
  • 919
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
eDNA in Fish Disease
Organisms release their nucleic acid in the environment, including the DNA and RNA, which can be used to detect their presence. Environmental DNA (eDNA)/eRNA techniques are being used in different sectors to identify organisms from soil, water, air, and ice. The advancement in technology led to easier detection of different organisms without impacting the environment or the organism itself. These methods are being employed in different areas, including surveillance, history, and conservation. eDNA and eRNA methods are being extensively used in aquaculture and fisheries settings to understand the presence of different fish species and pathogens in water. 
  • 917
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Phage Therapy
The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems.
  • 916
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Circular PPP1R13B RNA
A novel circular PPP1R13B RNA promotes chicken skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation via targeting miR-9-5p and activating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
  • 916
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Northern Olingo
The Northern Olingo (Bassaricyon gabbii) is a small arboreal mammal found in the forests of Central America, primarily in Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala. With its slender body, long bushy tail, and large eyes, the Northern Olingo bears a resemblance to both cats and weasels, though it is actually a member of the raccoon family. As a nocturnal and solitary creature, the Northern Olingo plays a crucial role in its forest ecosystem, preying on small mammals, birds, insects, and fruits while contributing to seed dispersal and maintaining ecological balance.
  • 916
  • 08 Mar 2024
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