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Topic Review
Biotechnological Innovations from Ocean
Marine drugs are abundant in number, comprise of a diverse range of structures with corresponding mechanisms of action, and hold promise for the discovery of new and better treatment approaches for the management of several chronic diseases. There are huge reserves of natural marine biological compounds, as 70 percent of the Earth is covered with oceans, indicating a diversity of chemical entities on the planet.
  • 980
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Endomembrane System and Abiotic Stress in Plants
The sustainable exploitation of agri-environmental systems focuses more and more on practices where crops and plant species are adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions. Recent studies have shown that increased stress tolerance is related to the reorganization of cell membranes that sometimes lead to major changes in the solutes’ homeostasis and water transfer. When under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress.
  • 979
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Microbial Toxins in Insect/Nematode Biocontrol
Invertebrate pests, such as insects and nematodes, not only cause or transmit human and livestock diseases but also impose serious crop losses by direct injury as well as vectoring pathogenic microbes. This is amply demonstrated by the successful and widespread use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control mosquitos and many plant pests, the latter by the transgenic expression of Bt-insecticidal proteins in crop plants. Identifying as well as characterizing the molecular nature and regulation of the biocidal activity has led to the enormous success of Bt as a biocontrol agent, which serves as a great model for advancing nascent biocontrol agents into commercial products. 
  • 978
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 in Farm Animals
COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongings to the family of Coronaviridae, which has affected multiple species and demonstrated zoonotic potential. The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused pandemic diseases among humans globally so far. The COVID-19 infections were also reported on farm and pet animals, which were discussed and summarized in this study. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza and African Swine Fever on farm animals so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. Prior to the development of the effective vaccine, the biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) may play roles in preventing potential spread of diseases/viruses.
  • 977
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Anticancer Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants of Himalayas
Prunus cornuta Wall. ex Royle (Rosaceae) and Quercus semicarpifolia Sm (Fagaceae) are widely found in the Himalayan regions of Pakistan and India. These plants contain numerous phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and tannins. Traditionally, P. cornuta has been used to cure anemia. In contrast, Q. semicarpifolia is used to treat various ailments such as muscular pain, bleeding, chronic diarrhea, wound healing, inflammation, and dysentery.
  • 977
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Biological Processes of Designing Candidate Anti-Tick Vaccines
Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropod ectoparasites distributed worldwide, and belong to two families; Ixodidae (hard-bodied ticks) and Argasidae (soft-bodied ticks). They affect 80% of the world’s cattle population and are associated with numerous health and economic effects. In developing tropical countries, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) constitute a major constraint to the livestock production, especially among smallholder farms of East, Central and Southern Africa.
  • 977
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Pseudomonas Lipopeptides
The Pseudomonas genus is ubiquitous and comprises species which are well known phytopathogens, such as P. syringae, or opportunistic human pathogens, such as P. aeruginosa, but also host members associated with water, soil and plant surfaces. Pseudomonas spp. are well adapted to growing in the rhizosphere and are well suited for biocontrol and growth promotion. Pseudomonas lipopeptides (Ps-LPs) play crucial roles in bacterial physiology, host–microbe interactions and plant disease control.
  • 976
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Genome Editing for Improving Tolerance of Crop Plants
Genome editing aims to revolutionise plant breeding and could assist in safeguarding the global food supply. Plant genomes can be effectively modified using genome-editing technologies to enhance characteristics without introducing foreign DNA into the genome. Next-generation plant breeding will soon be defined by these exact breeding methods.  This method also has great potential for enhancing crops’ resistance to various abiotic stressors.
  • 974
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fertilizers with Regional Climate Variability
Climate change affects global crop production year after year. Authors try to explore the effects of various fertilization regimes with climate variability on yield stability for sweet corn production in southern Taiwan. Three fertilization treatments composed of chemical fertilizer only (CF), integrated fertilizer (half organic/half chemical fertilizer) (IF), and organic fertilizer only (OF) were implemented from 2009 to 2018. While the same amounts of these fertilizers were applied during the period, we found that different fertilization changed the marketable yields of fresh fruit (ear), which slightly increased for organic fertilizer, but substantially decreased for both chemical and integrated fertilizer. Above all, we show for the first time that chemical fertilizer had the lowest yield resilience in response to regional relative humidity change compared to organic and integrated fertilizers. Our results also indicate that specific soil microbes have the potential to help sweet corn face environmental vulnerability in subtropical regions.
  • 973
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Cathepsin S in Rabbits's cells
In goat and sheep, CTSS is reported to be important for the development and maturation of oocytes by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CTSS in regulating cell apoptosis and hormone secretion in rabbit granulosa cells. Our results suggested that the CTSS gene can promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and reduce its apoptosis in vitro, while overexpression of CTSS promoted the secretion of progesterone and estrogen in rabbit granulosa cells. Therefore, manipulation of CTSS may improve development of oocytes, and thus provide an approach for better manipulation of rabbit reproductive performance.  
  • 972
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Weed Seed Bank Changes and RW Cropping System
The WSB, comprised of the weed seeds in the different soil profiles as well as lying on the soil surface, is the principal source of annual weed infestation in field crops.
  • 971
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
One Health, Food-Borne Zoonoses and EU Green Policies
Zoonotic agents are pathogens with an unrestricted host spectrum. In nature, their survival occurs in reservoir animal species, which generally do not present clinical symptoms and, therefore, are difficult to identify. Promiscuity between farmed animals and wildlife increases the risk of transmission of pathogens and their consequent adaptation to new host species, including human beings. Therefore, promiscuity increases the risk of emergence of new zoonoses. According to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), zoonoses represent 60% of human infectious diseases and 75% of the emerging ones; 80% of pathogens of animal origin have strong potential as bioterrorism agents. Deforestation and destruction of natural areas produce promiscuity, pushing wild species to invade new areas and to arrive in anthropic environments. In high-income countries, domesticated animals are as much a potential reservoir of high-risk zoonoses as the wildlife animals in equatorial rainforests or wet markets.
  • 971
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Northern Olingo
The Northern Olingo (Bassaricyon gabbii) is a small arboreal mammal found in the forests of Central America, primarily in Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala. With its slender body, long bushy tail, and large eyes, the Northern Olingo bears a resemblance to both cats and weasels, though it is actually a member of the raccoon family. As a nocturnal and solitary creature, the Northern Olingo plays a crucial role in its forest ecosystem, preying on small mammals, birds, insects, and fruits while contributing to seed dispersal and maintaining ecological balance.
  • 971
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed
The use of non-thermal plasmas in agriculture or plant biology has also been widely reported in the last few years. The topics, related to the decontamination of seeds, modification of surface properties, metabolomic pathways, and enzymatic activity, enhancing seed germination and the initial growth, are summarized e.g., in Plants 2021, 10, 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081616. Disease control and mycotoxin degradation were also reported.
  • 970
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
ACSL4 Directs Intramuscular Adipogenesis
In the livestock industry, intramuscular fat content is an important indicator of the meat quality of domestic animals. The variations of the Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4) gene locus are associated with intramuscular fat content in different pig populations, but the detailed molecular function of ACSL4 in pig intramuscular adipogenesis remains obscure.
  • 969
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Vitamin A Deficiency and Poultry Health
Vitamin A, a critical micronutrient, plays a vital role in maintaining poultry health and maximizing productivity. Vitamin A deficiency can have severe consequences on poultry health, compromising growth, reproduction, immune competence, and overall productivity.
  • 969
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Field Application of ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have potential application in precision farming and sustainable agriculture. Studies have shown that ENPs enhance the efficiency of the delivery of agrochemicals and thus, have the potential to positively affect the environment, thereby improving the growth and health of the crops. 
  • 968
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fluorescent Tracers by Soybean
Systemic seed treatment uptake was investigated in seeds and seedlings using fluorescent tracers to mimic systemic agrochemicals. Soybean was used as the model as soybean has the permeable seed coat characteristic to both charged and noncharged molecules. The purpose of the paper is to (1) screen 32 fluorescent tracers and then use optimal tracers for seed and seedling uptake, (2) investigate varietal differences in seed uptake, (3) examine the distribution of tracer uptake into 14-day-old seedlings, and (4) study the relationship between seed treatment lipophilicity, measured as log P on seed and root uptake. The major chemical families that displayed both seed and seedling uptake were coumarins and xanthenes. Seed uptake of coumarin 120 ranged from 1.1% to 4.8% of the applied seed treatment tracer from 15 yellow-seeded varieties. Rhodamine B, a xanthene compound uptake in seedlings, showed translocation from the applied seed treatment to all seedling tissues. Most of the tracer was measured in the hypocotyl and root, with lesser amounts in the epicotyl and true leaves. Log P is well documented in the literature to model systemic uptake by roots, but log P of the tracers were not related to seed uptake.
  • 967
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fermented Corn–Soybean Meal Mixed Feed
Fermented corn-soybean meal mixed feed is a fermented product based on corn, soybean meal and wheat bran.
  • 967
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Symbiodiniaceae in Antipatharians (Black Corals)
Antipatharians are understudied ecosystem engineers of shallow (<30 m depth), mesophotic (30–150 m) and deep-sea (>200 m) reefs. They provide habitat to numerous organisms, enhancing and supporting coral reef biodiversity globally. Nonetheless, little biological and ecological information exists on antipatharians, including the extent to which global change disturbances are threatening their health. The previous assumption that they were exempted from threats related to the phenomenon known as bleaching was challenged by the recent findings of high densities of dinoflagellates within three antipatharian colonies. 
  • 966
  • 02 Dec 2021
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