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Topic Review
Blockchain and Machine Learning
Blockchain is the foundation of all cryptocurrencies, while machine learning (ML) is one of the most popular technologies with a wide range of possibilities. Blockchain may be improved and made more effective by using ML.
  • 651
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain-Based Federated Learning
Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed Deep Learning (DL) technique that creates a global model through the local training of multiple edge devices. It uses a central server for model communication and the aggregation of post-trained models. The central server orchestrates the training process by sending each participating device an initial or pre-trained model for training. To achieve the learning objective, focused updates from edge devices are sent back to the central server for aggregation. While such an architecture and information flows can support the preservation of the privacy of participating device data, the strong dependence on the central server is a significant drawback of this framework. Having a central server could potentially lead to a single point of failure. Further, a malicious server may be able to successfully reconstruct the original data, which could impact on trust, transparency, fairness, privacy, and security. Decentralizing the FL process can successfully address these issues. Integrating a decentralized protocol such as Blockchain technology into Federated Learning techniques will help to address these issues and ensure secure aggregation.
  • 651
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Federated Learning for Clinical Event Classification
A novel approach to clinical event classification in healthcare using federated learning (FL) and cross-device ensemble models based on vital signs data from the MIMIC-IV dataset was presented. The FL structure allows training directly on each client's device, ensuring patient privacy. The proposed method achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.9%, highlighting the significant potential of FL and ensemble technology in handling sensitive patient data for healthcare applications.
  • 649
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hierarchical Multi-Objective Optimization for Dedicated Bus Punctuality
Public transportation is a crucial component of urban transportation systems, and improving passenger sharing rates can help alleviate traffic congestion. 
  • 648
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Emotion Recognition Systems
Emotion recognition systems (ERS) are an emerging technology with immense potential, exemplifying the innovative utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0). Given that personalization is a key feature of the fifth industrial revolution (IR 5.0), ERS has the potential to serve as an enabler for IR 5.0. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the relevance of this technology as work processes were adapted for social distancing and the use of face masks. Even in the post-pandemic era, many individuals continue to wear face masks. Therefore, ERS offers a technological solution to address communication challenges in a masked world. The existing body of knowledge on ERS primarily focuses on exploring modalities or modes for emotion recognition, system development, and the creation of applications utilizing emotion recognition functions.
  • 647
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hubble Meets Webb
Researchers explore the generation of James Webb Space Telescope (JWSP) imagery via image-to-image translation from the available Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data.
  • 647
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Software Agent Platforms Available in 2023
Agent systems provide a bottom-up approach to addressing complex tasks. Agents also provide a means of modeling and simulating phenomena that are difficult to model and understand via standard analytical methods. Although the main applications of agent systems pertain to computer science and are often related to artificial intelligence, there are increasingly numerous uses of agents in areas such as the life sciences, ecological sciences, and social sciences. In response to these interests, numerous platforms have been developed as general or application-focused tools. Over time, the field of agent platforms has evolved, with new platforms being developed and others being abandoned.
  • 645
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Deepfake Attacks
Deepfakes, is a fast-developing field at the nexus of artificial intelligence and multimedia. These artificial media creations, made possible by deep learning algorithms, allow for the manipulation and creation of digital content that is extremely realistic and challenging to identify from authentic content. Deepfakes can be used for entertainment, education, and research; however, they pose a range of significant problems across various domains, such as misinformation, political manipulation, propaganda, reputational damage, and fraud. 
  • 645
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Types of Breast Cancer Imaging
Cancer is an incurable disease based on unregulated cell division. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and early detection can lower death rates. Medical images can be used to find important information for locating and diagnosing breast cancer. The best information for identifying and diagnosing breast cancer comes from medical pictures.
  • 644
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Image Matting and Semi-Supervised Learning
Image matting refers to precisely estimating the foreground opacity mattes from a given image. It is a necessary task in the computer vision field and has a broad set of applications in image or video editing. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) utilizes unlabeled data to improve feature representation given limited labeled data. Two main branches of methods have been proposed, consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling.
  • 644
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Blockchain-Based Federated Learning
Federated learning (FL) and blockchains exhibit significant commonality, complementarity, and alignment in various aspects, such as application domains, architectural features, and privacy protection mechanisms. Blockchain-based federated learning (BFL) has gained the capability and prospects for applications in highly privacy-sensitive industries. 
  • 644
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Epileptic Disorder Detection of Seizures Using Encephalography Signals
Epilepsy is a nervous system disorder. Encephalography (EEG) is a generally utilized clinical approach for recording electrical activity in the brain. Although there are a number of datasets available, most of them are imbalanced due to the presence of fewer epileptic EEG signals compared with non-epileptic EEG signals.
  • 643
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Detection of Hate Speech in Arabic
Hate speech towards a group or an individual based on their perceived identity, such as ethnicity, religion, or nationality, is widely and rapidly spreading on social media platforms. This causes harmful impacts on users of these platforms and the quality of online shared content. Fortunately, researchers have developed different machine learning algorithms to automatically detect hate speech on social media platforms. However, most of these algorithms focus on the detection of hate speech that appears in English. There is a lack of studies on the detection of hate speech in Arabic due to the language’s complex nature. 
  • 643
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
LiDAR Local Domain Adaptation for Autonomous Vehicles
Perception algorithms for autonomous vehicles demand large, labeled datasets. Real-world data acquisition and annotation costs are high, making synthetic data from simulation a cost-effective option. However, training on one source domain and testing on a target domain can cause a domain shift attributed to local structure differences, resulting in a decrease in the model’s performance. Domain adaptation is a form of transfer learning that aims to minimize the domain shift between datasets.
  • 641
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
ML Techniques for Intrusion Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are vital to key infrastructures such as Smart Grids and water treatment, and are increasingly vulnerable to a broad spectrum of evolving attacks. Whereas traditional security mechanisms, such as encryption and firewalls, are often inadequate for CPS architectures, the implementation of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) tailored for CPS has become an essential strategy for securing them. In this context, it is worth noting the difference between traditional offline Machine Learning (ML) techniques and understanding how they perform under different IDS applications. 
  • 640
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Processing and Analysis of Label-Free Images
Time-lapse microscopy imaging is a key approach for an increasing number of biological and biomedical studies to observe the dynamic behavior of cells over time which helps quantify important data, such as the number of cells and their sizes, shapes, and dynamic interactions across time. Label-free imaging is an essential strategy for such studies as it ensures that native cell behavior remains uninfluenced by the recording process.
  • 639
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Personalized Advertising Design Based on Individual’s Appearance
Market segmentation is a crucial marketing strategy that involves identifying and defining distinct groups of buyers to target a company’s marketing efforts effectively. Visual elements, such as color and shape, in advertising can effectively communicate the product or service being promoted and influence consumer perceptions of its quality. Similarly, a person’s outward appearance plays a pivotal role in nonverbal communication, significantly impacting human social interactions and providing insights into individuals’ emotional states.
  • 639
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
IoT-Enabled Urban Intelligent Transportation Systems
The exponential growth of the Internet of Things has precipitated a revolution in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), notably in urban environments. An ITS leverages advancements in communication technologies and data analytics to enhance the efficiency and intelligence of transport networks. At the same time, these IoT-enabled ITSs generate a vast array of complex data classified as Big Data.
  • 639
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ransomware Attack Detection
Several malware variants have attacked systems and data over time. Ransomware is among the most harmful malware since it causes huge losses. In order to get a ransom, ransomware is software that locks the victim’s machine or encrypts his personal information. Numerous research has been conducted to stop and quickly recognize ransomware attacks.
  • 639
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Techniques Supply Chain Risk Prediction Systems
The term “supply chain” (SC) refers to the network of interconnected human, mechanical, activity, resource, and technical nodes involved in the creation and distribution of a product. It includes everything from the initial supply of raw materials or partially completed goods to the producer to the final delivery of the service or commodities to the final consumer or client. To ensure a continued supply of goods and resources, competent management of supply chain activities is required. Natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, have significantly affected the usual flow of products and commodities, including necessities such as personal protective equipment (PPE), medical facial masks, ventilation supplies, and ventilatory assistance. Such circumstances may impair the smooth passage of commodities between divisions. As a result, it is obvious that acquiring this expertise will aid in dealing with these challenges.
  • 638
  • 10 Jul 2023
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