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Topic Review
Intelligent Wearable Systems for Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy
The automated diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy (PN) has been performed in many studies where only a single sensor or technique is used for the data acquisition purpose. These techniques are based on analyzing foot plantar pressure or gait analysis, vibration- and sensitivity-based confocal microscopic image processing, thermal image processing, ultrasound scanner, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) or electromyography (EMG). However, in order to diagnose peripheral neuropathy, a continuous source of data is necessary to diagnose and track the progression of PN. Image-based approaches can provide a feasible way of detecting PN. In a number of research studies, a subject’s gait is analyzed using cameras, but, due to the camera’s limited field of view, it cannot provide continuous data which can result in missed data points. Similarly, other non-wearable techniques such as vibration- or perception-based methods and thermal images provide suitable ways for the detection of PN, but these types of methods are not suitable for long-term data collection which is vital for the diagnosis and progression of PN. For this purpose, wearable sensors are the most suitable way to collect continuous data, as wearable devices are designed in such a way that they can be easily worn by patients and attached to the human body directly. They also provide a way to collect and store patient activity data for later use.
  • 284
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks in Localization
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks (LoRaWAN) allow the transmission of data via radio link from sensors, which are potentially isolated or difficult to access, to gateways and servers that are connected to cellular networks for data processing, exchange, or relay, with low transmission power. This concept employs Long-Range (LoRa) modulation and has led to the emergence of many applications for the monitoring and tracking of objects.
  • 281
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Microgrid Frameworks
Microgrids technologies are seen as a cost effective and reliable solution to handle numerous challenges, mainly related to climate change and power demand increase. This is mainly due to their potential for integrating available on-site renewable energy sources and their flexibility and scalability. The particularity of microgrids is related to their capacity to operate in synchronization with the main grid or in islanded mode to secure the power supply of nearby end-users after a grid failure thanks to storage solutions and an intelligent control system. 
  • 280
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
HVAC Data-Driven Maintenance
Buildings’ heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for significant global energy use. Proper maintenance can minimize their environmental footprint and enhance the quality of the indoor environment. The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors integrated into HVAC systems has paved the way for data-driven predictive maintenance (PdM) grounded in real-time operational metrics.
  • 280
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Demand-Side Management as a Network Planning Tool
The reliability and security of electric power supply has become pivotal to the proper functioning of modern society. Traditionally, the electric power supply system has been designed with the objective of being able to adequately meet present and future demand, with efforts to maintain supply reliability being focused primarily on the supply side. Over the decades, however, the value of demand-side management—efforts focused on enhancing the efficient and effective use of electricity in support of the power system and customer needs—has been widely acknowledged as being able to play a greater role in ensuring that the key objectives of power system operation are satisfied. 
  • 278
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
IoT-Assisted Vehicle Route Optimization for Solid Waste Collection
The efficient collection of municipal solid waste poses a significant challenge for the prospective development of smart cities. Using Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables the detection of various kinds of waste-related information, facilitating the implementation of a comprehensive plan for efficient waste collection.
  • 276
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fusion of 3D Ultrasound Hand-Geometry and Palmprint
Multimodal biometric systems are often used in a wide variety of applications where high security is required. Such systems show several merits in terms of universality and recognition rate compared to unimodal systems. Among several acquisition technologies, ultrasound bears great potential in high secure access applications because it allows the acquisition of 3D information about the human body and is able to verify liveness of the sample. 
  • 275
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
DiabeticSense
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread chronic metabolic disorder that requires regular blood glucose level surveillance. Current invasive techniques, such as finger-prick tests, often result in discomfort, leading to infrequent monitoring and potential health complications. Researchers was to design a novel, portable, non-invasive system for diabetes detection using breath samples, named DiabeticSense, an affordable digital health device for early detection, to encourage immediate intervention. The device employed electrochemical sensors to assess volatile organic compounds in breath samples, whose concentrations differed between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The system merged vital signs with sensor voltages obtained by processing breath sample data to predict diabetic conditions.
  • 273
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Demand Response in Wastewater Treatment Plant
The transition from traditional fuel-dependent energy systems to renewable energy-based systems has been extensively embraced worldwide. Demand-side flexibility is essential to support the power grid with carbon-free generation (e.g., solar, wind.) in an intermittent nature. As extensive energy consumers, commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers can play a key role by extending their flexibility and participating in demand response. Onsite renewable generation by consumers can reduce the consumption from the grid, while energy storage systems (ESSs) can support variable generation and shift demand by storing energy for later use. Both technologies can increase the flexibility and benefit by integrating with the demand response. 
  • 269
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Low-Temperature Heating for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the advantages of high energy/power densities, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life, and thus are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, at low temperatures, the peak power and available energy of LIBs drop sharply, with a high risk of lithium plating during charging. This poor performance significantly impacts the application of EVs in cold weather and dramatically limits the promotion of EVs in high-latitude regions.
  • 268
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Platform for Power System’s Resilience during Extreme Weather
It is challenging for the European power system to exactly predict RES output and match energy production with demand due to changes in wind and sun intensity and the unavoidable disruptions caused by severe weather conditions. Therefore, in order to address the so-called “flexibility challenge” and implement the variable RES production, the European Union needs flexible solutions. In order to accommodate quicker reactions, compared to those performed today, and the adaptive exploitation of flexibility, grid operators must adjust their operational business model, as the electrical grid transitions from a fully centralized to a largely decentralized system. OneNet aspires to complete this crucial step by setting up a new generation of grid services that can fully utilize distributed generation, storage, and demand responses while also guaranteeing fair, open, and transparent conditions for the consumer. Using AI methods and a cloud-computing approach, the current work anticipates that active management of the power system for TSO–DSO coordination will be improved by the web-based client-server application F-channel. In the current work, a user’s experience with the platform for a Business Use Case (BUC) under the scenario of severe weather conditions is presented
  • 268
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Advances and Concerns Related to Electric Vehicles
Human operators’ presence for periodic maintenance is required in all transportation infrastructures; while providing a sustainable solution with Electric Vehicles (EVs) network, each vehicle needs servicing to maintain its robustness. Parts, such as reactive components from converter units, namely electrolytic capacitors, require periodic replacement. Other components, such as microcontroller PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), are prone to EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) decay and data loss. As fossil fuel is mainly used in generating energy and biosphere degradation remains a concern due to terrain expansion, wireless energy transfer could be an immediate solution for substituting the current transportation infrastructure for a robust and renewable solution. When migrating an entire transportation infrastructure to wireless energy transmission, periodic maintenance of energy transmitters, for example, orbital space stations, would be necessary. This requires the operator’s presence, and health becomes important in maintaining the robustness of this hypothetical sustainable transportation infrastructure. Multiple health concerns are related to the effect of conversion units, typically used in electric vehicles and other hybrid and modern combustion engine means of transportation. These units cover both wire-based and wireless energy transmission. As covered in further sections, several already implemented features of vehicles could negatively impact the operator’s health because such features are mainly based on wireless energy transfer, while other functionalities cause EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) perturbation.
  • 266
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Telehealth Rehabilitation
Due to damage to the network of nerves that regulate the muscles and feeling in the shoulder, arm, and forearm, brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are known to significantly reduce the function and quality of life of affected persons. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a considerable share of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is attributable to upper limb injuries, including BPIs. Telehealth can improve access concerns for patients with BPIs, particularly in lower-middle-income nations.
  • 263
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Dell Monitors
Dell sells LCD-based computer monitors. Dell bundles monitors with its desktop computers as package deals, as well as selling them separately through their online store and some other retailers.
  • 262
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Contributions of LoRa as a Multi-Hop Technology
Linear networks (sometimes called chain-type networks) occur frequently in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, where sensors or actuators are deployed along pipelines, roads, railways, mines, and international borders. LoRa, short for Long Range, is an increasingly important technology for the IoT with great potential for linear networking. Despite its potential, limited research has explored LoRa’s implementation in such networks.
  • 262
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Source Camera Identification Techniques
The successful investigation and prosecution of significant crimes, including child pornography, insurance fraud, movie piracy, traffic monitoring, and scientific fraud, hinge largely on the availability of solid evidence to establish the case beyond any reasonable doubt. When dealing with digital images/videos as evidence in such investigations, there is a critical need to conclusively prove the source camera/device of the questioned image. 
  • 262
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Domain Adaptation in Computer and Robotic Vision
Domain adaptation methods play a pivotal role in facilitating seamless knowledge transfer and enhancing the generalization capabilities of computer and robotic vision systems. Domain adaptation techniques play a pivotal role in addressing the domain shift problem encountered in computer and robotic vision. These methods are designed to improve the generalization skills of vision models, enabling them to function well in situations outside the scope of their training data. 
  • 262
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
FMECA Applied to Cyber-Power Grids
Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) is a qualitative risk analysis method widely used in various industrial and service applications. Despite its popularity, the method suffers from several shortcomings analyzed in the literature over the years. The classical approach to obtain the failure modes’ risk level does not consider any relative importance between the risk factors and may not necessarily represent the real risk perception of the FMECA team members, usually expressed by natural language.
  • 254
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Fault Detection Approaches for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Battery fires have become more common owing to the increased use of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, monitoring technology is required to detect battery anomalies because battery fires cause significant damage to systems. Researchers used Mahalanobis distance (MD) and independent component analysis (ICA) to detect early battery faults in a real-world energy storage system (ESS). The fault types included historical data of battery overvoltage and humidity anomaly alarms generated by the system management program. These are typical preliminary symptoms of thermal runaway, the leading cause of lithium-ion battery fires. The alarms were generated by the system management program based on thresholds. If a fire occurs in an ESS, the humidity inside the ESS will increase very quickly, which means that threshold-based alarm generation methods can be risky. In addition, industrial datasets contain many outliers for various reasons, including measurement and communication errors in sensors. These outliers can lead to biased training results for models. 
  • 254
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Heat Pipe Type Applied in the Air-Conditioning System
An air-conditioning system (ACS), which consumes large amounts of high-grade energy, is essential for maintaining the indoor thermal environment of modern buildings. However, an ACS consumes almost half of the total energy of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the ACS to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector. In fact, there is an abundance of waste heat and low-grade energies with the potential to be utilized in ACS in nature, but many of them are not utilized efficiently or cannot be utilized at all due to the low efficiency of thermal energy conversion. Known as a passive thermal transfer device, the application of a heat pipe (HP) in the ACS has shown explosive growth in recent years. HPs have been demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing building cooling and heating demands and energy consumption in ACS with experimental and simulation methods. 
  • 252
  • 14 Nov 2023
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