You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks in Localization
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks (LoRaWAN) allow the transmission of data via radio link from sensors, which are potentially isolated or difficult to access, to gateways and servers that are connected to cellular networks for data processing, exchange, or relay, with low transmission power. This concept employs Long-Range (LoRa) modulation and has led to the emergence of many applications for the monitoring and tracking of objects.
  • 724
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Low-Dimensional Layered Light-Sensitive Memristive Structures for Machine Vision
Layered two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-zero-dimensional (0D) materials effectively absorb radiation in the wide ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and terahertz ranges. Photomemristive structures made of such low-dimensional materials are of great interest for creating optoelectronic platforms for energy-efficient storage and processing of data and optical signals in real time.
  • 719
  • 15 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Particle Swarm Optimisation in Internet of Things
The internet of things, a collection of diversified distributed nodes, implies a varying choice of activities ranging from sleep monitoring and tracking of activities, to more complex activities such as data analytics and management. With an increase in scale comes even greater complexities, leading to significant challenges such as excess energy dissipation, which can lead to a decrease in IoT devices’ lifespan. Internet of things’ (IoT) multiple variable activities and ample data management greatly influence devices’ lifespan, making resource optimisation a necessity. Existing methods with respect to aspects of resource management and optimisation are limited in their concern of devices energy dissipation.
  • 715
  • 07 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Power Electronics Control Algorithm Verification
Power electronics is an interdisciplinary field related to three basic technical areas: (1) electrical engineering, (2) computer engineering, and (3) control engineering. The importance of power electronics has grown over the years, and now it can be found in every area of life: household appliances, a wide variety of industries, power engineering, energy, telecommunications, medicine, transport, etc. The entry presents the existing verification methods for control algorithms in power electronics systems, including the application of model checking techniques. 
  • 711
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Smart Electrical Networks Based on Renewable Sources
The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution facilitates real-time data exchange among a diverse array of intelligent meters for various purposes, enabling the integration of smart grids with Industry 4.0. This integration leads to more efficient and sustainable industrial processes, improved energy management, and cost savings. 
  • 708
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
History and Polarizer Metasurfaces
Metasurfaces, a special class of metamaterials, have recently become a rapidly growing field, particularly for thin polarization converters. They can be fabricated using a simple fabrication process due to their smaller planar profile, both in the microwave and optical regimes.
  • 705
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Multimodal Biometric Identification System
In the past two decades, many physical and behavioral biometric modalities have been under extensive research, such as fingerprints, palm prints, palms/Finger Textures, faces, irises, voice, gait and signature. All these modalities are vulnerable to presentation spoof attacks; hence, the level of provided security is compromised. Fingerprint- and palm-print-based biometric systems may be deceived by using gelatin or clay-made artificial fingerprint surfaces or images. Biometric systems using faces as a biometric modality may be attacked by using photographs, 3-D face models and recorded short clips. Iris-based biometric systems may encounter spoof attacks by employing iris images taken from enrolled users. Voice- and gait-based biometric systems may be attacked by feeding prerecorded audio and video to the recognition system, respectively. 
  • 704
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Heat Pipe Type Applied in the Air-Conditioning System
An air-conditioning system (ACS), which consumes large amounts of high-grade energy, is essential for maintaining the indoor thermal environment of modern buildings. However, an ACS consumes almost half of the total energy of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the ACS to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector. In fact, there is an abundance of waste heat and low-grade energies with the potential to be utilized in ACS in nature, but many of them are not utilized efficiently or cannot be utilized at all due to the low efficiency of thermal energy conversion. Known as a passive thermal transfer device, the application of a heat pipe (HP) in the ACS has shown explosive growth in recent years. HPs have been demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing building cooling and heating demands and energy consumption in ACS with experimental and simulation methods. 
  • 700
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Technology and System Structure
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, charging facilities for electric vehicles are gradually improving, thus meeting the demand for fast and safe charging. 
  • 698
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Swarm Exploration and Communications
Swarm exploration by multi-agent systems relies on stable inter-agent communication. However, so far both exploration and communication have been mainly considered separately despite their strong inter-dependency in such systems. By a semantic communication design, communication efficiency in terms of latency, required data rate, energy, and complexity may be improved. 
  • 696
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Phasor Measurement Units for Modern Power Systems
The development of modern power systems is directly related to changes in the traditional principles of management, planning, and monitoring of electrical modes. The mass introduction of renewable energy sources and control devices based on power electronics components contributes to changing the nature of the flow of transient and quasi-established electrical modes.
  • 695
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
New-Generation Batteries Technologies
Battery technologies have recently undergone significant advancements in design and manufacturing to meet the performance requirements of a wide range of applications, including electromobility and stationary domains. For e-mobility, batteries are essential components in various types of electric vehicles (EVs), including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). These EVs rely on diverse charging systems, including conventional charging, fast-charging, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems. In stationary applications, batteries are increasingly being employed for the electrical management of micro/smart grids as transient buffer energy storage. Batteries are commonly used in conjunction with power electronic interfaces to adapt to the specific requirements of various applications. Furthermore, power electronic interfaces to batteries themselves have evolved technologically, resulting in more efficient, thermally efficient, compact, and robust power converter architectures. 
  • 693
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Power Quality Due to Electric Vehicles Charging
The transportation industry is transitioning from conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICVs) to Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the rise in non-traditional energy sources. EVs are emerging as the new leaders in the industry. The supply systems in the world are invariably AC systems. This necessitates using an AC-DC converter in the battery-charging system. With grid connection, several important power quality parameters need to be considered. The power systems are usually designed keeping in mind the increase of load in the future.
  • 692
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Edge Intelligent with Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IoT) connects various industrial actuators, devices, and people at work. IoT provide additional insight into industrial applications, as well as minimize human labour and time and create a path for Industry 4.0.
  • 687
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
LiDAR Configuration within a Deep Reinforcement Learning
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown great potential in mapless autonomous robot navigation and path planning. These DRL methods rely on robots equipped with different light detection and range (LiDAR) sensors with a wide field of view (FOV) configuration to perceive their environment. These types of LiDAR sensors are expensive and are not suitable for small-scale applications.
  • 685
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Smart Electrical Energy Systems
Energy systems around the world are going through tremendous transformations, mainly driven by carbon footprint reductions and related policy imperatives and low-carbon technological development. These transformations pose unprecedented technical challenges to the energy sector, but they also bring opportunities for energy systems to develop, adapt, and evolve.
  • 683
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Sum Addressed Decoder
In CPU design, the use of a Sum Addressed Decoder (SAD) or Sum Addressed Memory (SAM) Decoder is a method of reducing the latency of the CPU cache access. This is achieved by fusing the address generation sum operation with the decode operation in the cache SRAM.
  • 682
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Dust Properties on Photovoltaic Systems
As conventional energy sources decrease and worldwide power demand grows, the appeal of photovoltaic (PV) systems as sustainable and ecofriendly energy sources has grown. PV system installation is influenced by geographical location, orientation, and inclination angle. Dust is a collection of tiny particles composed of microscopic solid inorganic and organic particles such as soil particles, ash (including pollutants from factories, vehicles, and firewood), bacteria, and so on, that has a diameter smaller than that of the air 500–1000 µm. These particles vary in size, volume, chemical concentration, and shape. Dust properties, such as size, shape, chemical composition, transmittance, absorption, reflection, thermal conductivity, and emissivity, can all affect the thermal and electrical behavior of PV systems. It is essential to consider that dust properties can vary depending on the location and environmental conditions. 
  • 682
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Reliability Optimization of Multi-Energy System
Multi-energy systems refer to a new, unified view of energy systems formed by the coupling of cooling and heating in gas and electricity supplies during the transmission and distribution processes, which has the potential to make energy monitoring, generation, consumption, and maintenance more efficient. Multi-energy systems can take full advantage of the interaction between various forms of energy sources to improve system economics, increase system flexibility, and enhance system reliability. 
  • 681
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Energy Grid Applications
In the energy usage scenario, the demands on energy load and the tariffs on the usage of electricity are two main areas that require a lot of attention. Energy forecasting is an ideal solution that would help us to better understand future needs and formulate solutions accordingly. Some important factors to investigate are the quantity and quality of smart grids as they are significantly influenced by the transportation, storage, and load management of energy.
  • 678
  • 26 Oct 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 50
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback