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Topic Review
Virus Inactivation by Visible Light
Bacteria and fungi are known to be inactivated not only by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light. Viruses appear to be sensitive to visible (violet/blue) light.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Horses
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrine disorder of geriatric horses, affecting 20–25% of horses over the age of 15 years. Since the disease was first described in 1932, considerable research has been conducted investigating PPID pathophysiology, prevalence of clinical signs, appropriate diagnostic techniques and treatment. In recent years, awareness of PPID among horse owners has grown, and veterinarians are increasingly testing for underlying endocrinopathies. An increase in awareness has led to a substantial increase in research conducted in the field of equine endocrinology. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Microbiome Establishment in Rumens
Within the ruminant intestines, a diverse array of microbiota predominates, predominantly comprised of bacteria with a specialized role in breaking down intricate nutrients like cellulose and hemicellulose. This breakdown results in the conversion of these complex compounds into simpler constituents, such as glucose, which ultimately facilitates the assimilation of nutrients. The composition of these microbial communities within the rumen is contingent on a multitude of factors. These include breed, age, external environment, diet, and nutritional factors. Moreover, other variables, such as the process of weaning, energy requirements, and the presence of potentially toxic metabolic byproducts, can also exert an impact on the microbial composition and abundance within the rumen. External factors, including heat stress, psychological stress, environmental conditions, and dietary patterns, can likewise pose threats to the stability of rumen microflora.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Livestock Health
Pollution due to microplastics and nanoplastics is one of the major environmental issues and represents a growing threat to human and animal health. In aquatic species, there is a large amount of information regarding the perturbation of marine organisms; only few studies focused on the pathophysiological consequences of an acute and chronic exposure to micro- and nanoplastics in mammalian systems, especially on the reproductive system.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Control Practices in Codling Moth
The codling moth (CM) (Cydia pomonella L.) is a key pest in most pome fruit orchards in Croatia and worldwide. This pest, besides apple, also is a pest of pear, walnut, quince and some stone fruits where it causes economic losses in fruit production. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Application of Molecular Hydrogen to Postharvest Produce
Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been found to have significant effects in a range of organisms, from plants to humans. In the biomedical arena it has been found to have positive effects for neurodegenerative disease and even for treatment of COVID-19. In plants H2 has been found to improve seed germination, foliar growth, and crops: effects being most pronounced under stress conditions. It has also been found that treatment with H2 can improve the postharvest preservation of fruits, vegetables and flowers.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Using Milk Replacers on Goat Carcass
Since goat milk has a higher value than kid meat in Europe, some farmers rear kids with milk replacers, although some studies have stated that kids raised on natural milk yield higher-quality carcasses. The previous studies showed some interactions between breed and rearing system on carcass and meat quality.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Saline Soil-Based Crop Cultivations by Applying Halophyte-Associated Bacteria
Using the biological approach of halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (HT-PGPB) as bio-inoculants provides a promising crop enhancement strategy. HT-PGPB has been proven capable of forming a symbiotic relationship with the host plant by instilling induced salinity tolerance (IST) and multiple plant growth-promoting traits (PGP). 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Orchidaceae) is a perennial herb inhabiting sub-alpine to alpine regions, ranging at elevations between 2500 and 5000 m.a.s.l. With palmately lobed rhizome and lanceolate leaves having a sheathing leaf base, it bears pink flowers with purple-colored notches and a curved spur.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
EXO70 Gene Family in Cotton
The EXO70 gene is a vital component of the exocytosis complex and participates in biological processes ranging from plant cell division to polar growth. There are many EXO70 genes in plants and their functions are extensive, but little is known about the EXO70 gene family in cotton. Here, we analyzed four cotton sequence databases, identified 165 EXO70 genes, and divided them into eight subgroups (EXO70A–EXO70H) based on their phylogenetic relationships. EXO70A had the most exons (≥11), whereas the other seven each had only one or two exons. 
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Weeds Enhance Pollinator Diversity in Mango
Weeds increase the diversity of pollinating insects on mango flowers, and mangos with weeds growing below produced more fruit than those without weeds. Weeds can provide ground cover and flowers that can support insect pollinators, natural enemies, and increase biodiversity at the field and landscape level. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Green Bioinoculants
Biofertilizers are emerging as a suitable alternative to counteract the adverse environmental impacts exerted by synthetic agrochemicals. Biofertilizers facilitate the overall growth and yield of crops in an eco-friendly manner.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Cow Behavioural Activities in Extensive Farms
Animal welfare is becoming an increasingly important requirement in the livestock sector to improve, and therefore raise, the quality and healthiness of food production. By monitoring the behaviour of the animals, such as feeding, rumination, walking, and lying, it is possible to understand their physical and psychological status. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) tools offer a good solution to assist the farmer in managing the herd, overcoming the limits of human control, and to react early in the case of animal health issues. The entry highlights a key concern that occurs in the design and validation of IoT-based systems created for monitoring grazing cows in extensive agricultural systems, since they have many more, and more complicated, problems than indoor farms. In this context, the most common concerns are related to the battery life of the devices, the sampling frequency to be used for data collection, the need for adequate service connection coverage and transmission range, the computational site, and the performance of the algorithm embedded in IoT-systems in terms of computational cost. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Toxicity of Mycotoxins to Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Mycotoxin is a naturally occurring substance produced by fungi. Consumption of low concentrations of mycotoxins in animals would result in severe hazardous symptoms.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Arsenic Concentration/Toxicity in Rice
Rice is one of the most important routes for arsenic to enter the human food chain and threatens more than half of the world’s population. In addition, arsenic-contaminated soils and waters increase the concentration of this element in various tissues of rice plants. 
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Angolan Genet
The Angolan Genet (Genetta angolensis), indigenous to the southwestern regions of Africa, is a captivating small carnivore that belongs to the Genet family. Recognized for its distinctive coat pattern and slender physique, this elusive species navigates a range of habitats, from woodlands to savannas, showcasing its adaptability in diverse ecosystems. With its nocturnal habits and agile climbing skills, the Angolan Genet remains a subject of interest for researchers and wildlife enthusiasts exploring the rich biodiversity of the African continent.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Effects of Eimeria tenella Infection for Broiler Chickens
Coccidiosis, which can be induced by Eimeria spp., causes tremendous economic losses in the poultry production. Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) is one of the poultry Eimeria spp. that damage cecal tissue. 
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Methods for Determination of Dietary Composition in Ruminants
The botanical and chemical composition of diets consumed by ruminants is different from the composition of plant species available in typical rangeland on which they graze. Exploring alternatives, and improving existing methods of estimating botanical composition (diet selection) is imperative in advancing sustainable feeding practices in extensive production systems. The ability to predict the intake and digestibility of the diet consumed by ruminant species is important in designing grazing management for different feeding systems as well as supplementation strategies to meet their nutrient requirements.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Human Mobility
Human mobility is a significant factor for disease transmission. Little is known about how the environment influences mobility during a pandemic.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Diabetic Activity of Natural Compounds
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by a persistently high blood sugar level. There are numerous kinds of diabetes mellitus, but the two most common are type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). T1DM is an autoimmune disease; it occurs due to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, and the patients are entirely reliant on exogenous insulin injection.
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Nov 2021
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