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Topic Review
Factors Affecting Microbiome Establishment in Rumens
Within the ruminant intestines, a diverse array of microbiota predominates, predominantly comprised of bacteria with a specialized role in breaking down intricate nutrients like cellulose and hemicellulose. This breakdown results in the conversion of these complex compounds into simpler constituents, such as glucose, which ultimately facilitates the assimilation of nutrients. The composition of these microbial communities within the rumen is contingent on a multitude of factors. These include breed, age, external environment, diet, and nutritional factors. Moreover, other variables, such as the process of weaning, energy requirements, and the presence of potentially toxic metabolic byproducts, can also exert an impact on the microbial composition and abundance within the rumen. External factors, including heat stress, psychological stress, environmental conditions, and dietary patterns, can likewise pose threats to the stability of rumen microflora.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Plant Tissue Culture of Laelia Species
Laelia orchids are cultivated by their splendid flowers and also widely used in orchid breeding. Plant tissue culture (PTC), defined as the aseptic culture of cells, organs, and their components under controlled in vitro conditions, is a biotechnological tool that has been successfully applied to recovery, conservation and clonal propagation of plants.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Types and Applications of Unconventional Feed
Unconventional feed, which is abundant in China, contains anti-nutritional factors and toxins; however, these can be greatly reduced with microbial fermentation, thus improving the nutrient content of the feed, enhancing animal appetites, and ultimately significantly improving the intestinal health and growth performance of animals. When oxidative stress occurs, fermented feed can effectively reduce the damage caused by stress to the gastrointestinal tract, accelerate the removal of gastrointestinal abnormalities, improve the ability to resist intestinal stress, and ensure the efficient production of animals. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Nutritional Management in Sheep
Nutritional management is one of the most important factors to ensure adequate productivity and to prevent wasting in sheep flocks.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
EXO70 Gene Family in Cotton
The EXO70 gene is a vital component of the exocytosis complex and participates in biological processes ranging from plant cell division to polar growth. There are many EXO70 genes in plants and their functions are extensive, but little is known about the EXO70 gene family in cotton. Here, we analyzed four cotton sequence databases, identified 165 EXO70 genes, and divided them into eight subgroups (EXO70A–EXO70H) based on their phylogenetic relationships. EXO70A had the most exons (≥11), whereas the other seven each had only one or two exons. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Five Important Seeds in Traditional Medicine
Five important seeds that have tremendous medicinal and pharmacological benefits are anise, basil, borage, cilantro, and chamomile. Anise seed is used as a spice, either whole or ground, and its essential oil and extract are also obtained from the seeds. Basil seeds have a long history of usage in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, and they are a good source of minerals, are high in fiber (including pectin), and are rich is flavonoids and other polyphenols. Borage seed oil is used for skin disorders, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. Coriander is an annual herb that is part of the Apiaceae family, and the seeds are rich in iron, zinc, copper, and essential minerals, which can decrease bad cholesterol and improve good cholesterol in the body. Chamomile can be considered for the treatment of insomnia, hemorrhoids, anxiety, and diarrhea, and it may help with wound healing and skin irritation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Weeds Enhance Pollinator Diversity in Mango
Weeds increase the diversity of pollinating insects on mango flowers, and mangos with weeds growing below produced more fruit than those without weeds. Weeds can provide ground cover and flowers that can support insect pollinators, natural enemies, and increase biodiversity at the field and landscape level. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activities of Lactoferrins
Lactoferrins are an iron-binding glycoprotein that have important protective roles in the mammalian body through their numerous functions, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Among these, their antimicrobial activity has been the most studied, although the mechanism behind antimicrobial activities remains to be elucidated.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Reproductive Potential in Primula veris L. (Primulaceae)
Primula veris (Primulaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant. P. veris is a Euro-Siberian Temperate element distributed throughout most of temperate Europe and Western Asia. As with most species of the genus Primula, it is entomophilous with a great affinity between its flowers. Insect pollinators belong to Hymenoptera (mainly bumblebees and bees), Lepidoptera and Diptera.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Control Practices in Codling Moth
The codling moth (CM) (Cydia pomonella L.) is a key pest in most pome fruit orchards in Croatia and worldwide. This pest, besides apple, also is a pest of pear, walnut, quince and some stone fruits where it causes economic losses in fruit production. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Targeting p53 in Colorectal Cancer
p53, a critical tumor suppressor, is commonly mutated in neoplasia, including colorectal cancer. To devise anti-cancer strategies targeting p53, it is crucial to understand the myriad cell-specific regulatory mechanisms in the p53 signaling pathway, and how these same regulatory mechanisms may be evaded by p53 mutants.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Use of Insect Meal for Poultry Diets
Interest has grown among poultry nutritionists in using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, to meet the protein requirements of poultry due to sustainability concerns surrounding traditional protein sources such as soybean and fish meal. Insect meal can be produced from different insects, including black soldier fly, mealworms, and house crickets, and its nutrient composition varies depending on the insect species, the substrate they are reared on, and the production method. Insect meal has been shown to be a rich source of protein, amino acids (lysine, methionine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, zinc), with a high digestibility rate, making it a valuable feed ingredient for poultry production. Additionally, using insect meal in poultry feed could reduce the cost of production and the environmental impact on the industry. Furthermore, the use of insect meal has the potential to improve the growth performance and meat quality of poultry species.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Benefits of Insect Pollination in Brassicaceae
Cultivated Brassicaceae attract a wide variety of pollinators. In both self-compatible and self-incompatible crop species, meta-analysis indicates that seed yield (Y), silique set (SQS), number of siliquae/plant (NSQ), and the number of seeds/silique (NSSQ) increase when plants are insect-pollinated compared to when there is no insect pollination. The weight of seeds (WS), however, increased in self-incompatible species but not in self-compatible ones as a result of insect pollination. Overall, the percentage of studies showing a positive effect of insect pollination on yield parameters was higher in self-incompatible than in self-compatible species. It was shown that the ability of self-compatible species to reproduce does not fully compensate for the loss of yield benefits in the absence of insect pollination. 
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Host Genetic Diversity
Host genetic diversity tends to limit disease spread in nature and buffers populations against epidemics. Genetic diversity in wildlife is expected to receive increasing attention in contexts related to disease transmission and human health. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Campylobacter Biofilms
Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of C. jejuni to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for Campylobacter spp. survival and transmission to humans. Unconventional approaches to control biofilms and to improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics are urgently needed. This review summarizes the use plant- and microorganism-derived antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds such as essential oils, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polyphenolic extracts, algae extracts, probiotic-derived factors, d-amino acids (DAs) and glycolipid biosurfactants with potential to control biofilms formed by Campylobacter, and the suggested mechanisms of their action. Further investigation and use of such natural compounds could improve preventative and remedial strategies aimed to limit the transmission of campylobacters and other human pathogens via the food chain.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Rendena Cattle
Rendena is a dual-purpose cattle breed indigenous to the North-East of Italy. This breed is included within the “European Federation of Cattle Breeds of the Alpine System” (FERBA), an organization whose main purpose consists in the preservation and promotion of local cattle breeds of the alpine system (http://www.ferba.info, accessed on 20 April 2021).
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Camelina Meal as a Livestock Feed Ingredient
Camelina sativa is an annual oilseed crop that requires low inputs. Recently, interest in camelina oil for both human use and biofuel production has increased. Camelina meal can result in decreased dry matter (DM) intake; it has greater neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, as well as greater antinutritional factors than protein meal produced from some of the more commonly cultivated oilseeds. It is, however, still a viable feed ingredient in animal diets as a protein source.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Southern Spotted Skunk
The Southern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale angustifrons) is a small and elusive carnivore known for its distinctive coat pattern featuring conspicuous spots and stripes. Inhabiting various regions of the southern United States and parts of Central America, this species exhibits remarkable adaptability to diverse habitats, ranging from woodlands and grasslands to urban areas. Despite its diminutive size, the Southern Spotted Skunk plays a significant role in local ecosystems, displaying nocturnal behavior and an omnivorous diet.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements
Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is eco-friendly and cost-effective for remediating agricultural contaminated soils, but plants can only take up bioavailable forms of PTEs, thus meaning that bioavailability is the key for the feasibility of this technique. The soil-plant interactions can change the bioavailable forms of PTE in soil, which are in dynamic equilibrium, leading to a continuous re-equilibration process between these forms.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
C1q Complement/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Proteins
 A family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated proteins (CTRPs) has been found to play a role in the development of CVD. CTRPs, which are comprised of 15 members, CTRP1 to CTRP15, are secreted from different organs/tissues and exhibit diverse functions, have attracted increasing attention because of their roles in maintaining inner homeostasis by regulating metabolism, inflammation, and immune surveillance. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Mar 2021
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