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Topic Review
The Rendena Cattle
Rendena is a dual-purpose cattle breed indigenous to the North-East of Italy. This breed is included within the “European Federation of Cattle Breeds of the Alpine System” (FERBA), an organization whose main purpose consists in the preservation and promotion of local cattle breeds of the alpine system (http://www.ferba.info, accessed on 20 April 2021).
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Microbiome Establishment in Rumens
Within the ruminant intestines, a diverse array of microbiota predominates, predominantly comprised of bacteria with a specialized role in breaking down intricate nutrients like cellulose and hemicellulose. This breakdown results in the conversion of these complex compounds into simpler constituents, such as glucose, which ultimately facilitates the assimilation of nutrients. The composition of these microbial communities within the rumen is contingent on a multitude of factors. These include breed, age, external environment, diet, and nutritional factors. Moreover, other variables, such as the process of weaning, energy requirements, and the presence of potentially toxic metabolic byproducts, can also exert an impact on the microbial composition and abundance within the rumen. External factors, including heat stress, psychological stress, environmental conditions, and dietary patterns, can likewise pose threats to the stability of rumen microflora.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Fe-S Synthesis in Algae Mitochondria
Iron and sulfur are two essential elements for all organisms. These elements form the Fe-S clusters that are present as cofactors in numerous proteins and protein complexes related to key processes in cells, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and participate in numerous enzymatic reactions.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
C1q Complement/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Proteins
 A family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated proteins (CTRPs) has been found to play a role in the development of CVD. CTRPs, which are comprised of 15 members, CTRP1 to CTRP15, are secreted from different organs/tissues and exhibit diverse functions, have attracted increasing attention because of their roles in maintaining inner homeostasis by regulating metabolism, inflammation, and immune surveillance. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Campylobacter Biofilms
Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of C. jejuni to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for Campylobacter spp. survival and transmission to humans. Unconventional approaches to control biofilms and to improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics are urgently needed. This review summarizes the use plant- and microorganism-derived antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds such as essential oils, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polyphenolic extracts, algae extracts, probiotic-derived factors, d-amino acids (DAs) and glycolipid biosurfactants with potential to control biofilms formed by Campylobacter, and the suggested mechanisms of their action. Further investigation and use of such natural compounds could improve preventative and remedial strategies aimed to limit the transmission of campylobacters and other human pathogens via the food chain.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Targeting p53 in Colorectal Cancer
p53, a critical tumor suppressor, is commonly mutated in neoplasia, including colorectal cancer. To devise anti-cancer strategies targeting p53, it is crucial to understand the myriad cell-specific regulatory mechanisms in the p53 signaling pathway, and how these same regulatory mechanisms may be evaded by p53 mutants.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Use of Insect Meal for Poultry Diets
Interest has grown among poultry nutritionists in using alternative protein sources, such as insect meal, to meet the protein requirements of poultry due to sustainability concerns surrounding traditional protein sources such as soybean and fish meal. Insect meal can be produced from different insects, including black soldier fly, mealworms, and house crickets, and its nutrient composition varies depending on the insect species, the substrate they are reared on, and the production method. Insect meal has been shown to be a rich source of protein, amino acids (lysine, methionine), and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, zinc), with a high digestibility rate, making it a valuable feed ingredient for poultry production. Additionally, using insect meal in poultry feed could reduce the cost of production and the environmental impact on the industry. Furthermore, the use of insect meal has the potential to improve the growth performance and meat quality of poultry species.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Control Practices in Codling Moth
The codling moth (CM) (Cydia pomonella L.) is a key pest in most pome fruit orchards in Croatia and worldwide. This pest, besides apple, also is a pest of pear, walnut, quince and some stone fruits where it causes economic losses in fruit production. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Five Important Seeds in Traditional Medicine
Five important seeds that have tremendous medicinal and pharmacological benefits are anise, basil, borage, cilantro, and chamomile. Anise seed is used as a spice, either whole or ground, and its essential oil and extract are also obtained from the seeds. Basil seeds have a long history of usage in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, and they are a good source of minerals, are high in fiber (including pectin), and are rich is flavonoids and other polyphenols. Borage seed oil is used for skin disorders, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. Coriander is an annual herb that is part of the Apiaceae family, and the seeds are rich in iron, zinc, copper, and essential minerals, which can decrease bad cholesterol and improve good cholesterol in the body. Chamomile can be considered for the treatment of insomnia, hemorrhoids, anxiety, and diarrhea, and it may help with wound healing and skin irritation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Horses
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrine disorder of geriatric horses, affecting 20–25% of horses over the age of 15 years. Since the disease was first described in 1932, considerable research has been conducted investigating PPID pathophysiology, prevalence of clinical signs, appropriate diagnostic techniques and treatment. In recent years, awareness of PPID among horse owners has grown, and veterinarians are increasingly testing for underlying endocrinopathies. An increase in awareness has led to a substantial increase in research conducted in the field of equine endocrinology. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Management in Sheep
Nutritional management is one of the most important factors to ensure adequate productivity and to prevent wasting in sheep flocks.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that is reshaping industries and daily life, leading us towards a connected future that is full of possibilities and innovations. IoT technologies are widely used in the agriculture sector in many developed countries to increase production and meet the demand for food supply in the market. IoT in agriculture can reduce production costs and time by providing precision agriculture.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Spirulina spp.
Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green filamentous photosynthetic alga, is widely recognized as a valuable protein source, containing approximately 55–70% protein, 25% carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and 18% fatty acids. It is also rich in various vitamins and minerals. Notably, spirulina is known for its high content of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, vitamin C, gamma-linolenic acid, phycocyanins, tocopherols, chlorophyll, beta-carotenes, and carotenoids.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Toxicity of Mycotoxins to Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Mycotoxin is a naturally occurring substance produced by fungi. Consumption of low concentrations of mycotoxins in animals would result in severe hazardous symptoms.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Assessing Kettle Holes Habitat Connectivity
Kettle holes are hotspots of biodiversity that provide suitable conditions for wildlife species (i.e., amphibians, insects, aquatic plants) and contribute to landscape heterogeneity. They are also considered to function as stepping stone habitats that contribute to habitat connectivity.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cow Behavioural Activities in Extensive Farms
Animal welfare is becoming an increasingly important requirement in the livestock sector to improve, and therefore raise, the quality and healthiness of food production. By monitoring the behaviour of the animals, such as feeding, rumination, walking, and lying, it is possible to understand their physical and psychological status. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) tools offer a good solution to assist the farmer in managing the herd, overcoming the limits of human control, and to react early in the case of animal health issues. The entry highlights a key concern that occurs in the design and validation of IoT-based systems created for monitoring grazing cows in extensive agricultural systems, since they have many more, and more complicated, problems than indoor farms. In this context, the most common concerns are related to the battery life of the devices, the sampling frequency to be used for data collection, the need for adequate service connection coverage and transmission range, the computational site, and the performance of the algorithm embedded in IoT-systems in terms of computational cost. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Host Genetic Diversity
Host genetic diversity tends to limit disease spread in nature and buffers populations against epidemics. Genetic diversity in wildlife is expected to receive increasing attention in contexts related to disease transmission and human health. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk
Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk, scientifically known as Conepatus chinga, is a species of skunk native to South America, particularly found in regions of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Recognizable by its distinct hog-like snout and characteristic black and white fur markings, Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk is primarily nocturnal and solitary, inhabiting a variety of habitats including grasslands, scrublands, and forests. Despite its common association with its pungent defensive spray, this skunk species plays a vital ecological role as a predator of small vertebrates and insects within its ecosystem.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Proline and Heat-tolerance
Dietary proline supplementation is useful for enhancing heat-tolerance and semen quality of rabbit bucks affected by heat-stress. These effects are dose-dependent and were achieved at doses ranging between 50 and 100 mg proline/kg DM. Higher proline concentrations likely have undesirable effects on redox status and sperm quality.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Diabetic Activity of Natural Compounds
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by a persistently high blood sugar level. There are numerous kinds of diabetes mellitus, but the two most common are type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). T1DM is an autoimmune disease; it occurs due to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, and the patients are entirely reliant on exogenous insulin injection.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
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