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Biography
George Rankine Irwin
Dr. George Rankin Irwin ForMemRS[1] (February 26, 1907 – October 9, 1998) was an United States scientist in the field of fracture mechanics and strength of materials. He was internationally known for his study of fracture of materials. George R. Irwin was born in El Paso, Texas. His family moved to Springfield, Illinois where he went to school. He attended Knox College in Galesburg, Illino
  • 876
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
George Rappleyea
George Washington Rappleyea (July 4, 1894 – August 29, 1966), an American metallurgical engineer and the manager of the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company in Dayton, Tennessee. He held this position in the summer of 1925 when he became the chief architect of the Scopes Trial. During a meeting at Robinson's Drug Store it was Rappleyea who convinced a group of Dayton businessmen to sponsor a test
  • 875
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Eugene S. Ferguson
Eugene Shallcross Ferguson (1916 – 21 March 2004) was an American engineer, historian of technology and professor of history at the University of Delaware, particularly known for his 1992 work Engineering and the Mind's Eye. Ferguson was born in Wilmington, Delaware, and raised in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania. He obtained his BS in mechanical engineering at the Carnegie Institute of Technology
  • 875
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Improving Biomass Quality in Miscanthus
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification.
  • 874
  • 24 Feb 2021
Biography
Clive Burlingame Meredith
Clive Burlingame Meredith (February 7, 1892 – April 11, 1932) was an American radio engineer and radio station owner. Meredith served as the founding owner and operator of WSYR-AM, the second oldest radio station in Syracuse, New York.[1] He also assisted the Federal Radio Commission with the developing a means to reduce electromagnetic interference between radio stations.[2] Meredith was b
  • 870
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
SECU-3
SECU-3 is an internal combustion engine control unit. It is being developed as an open source project (drawings, schematic diagrams, source code etc. are open and freely available for all). Anyone can take part in the project, and can access all the information without any registrations. SECU-3 system controls the ignition, fuel injection and various other actuators of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and vehicle. In particular, it is capable of controlling the carburetor choke using a stepper motor (auto choke), thus controlling RPM when engine is warming up. SECU-3 manages AFR on the carburetor engines (similar to AXTEC AFR systems), idle cut-off valve and wide open throttle mode valve in carburetor systems, controls electric fuel pump and gas valves in closed loop mode according to the feedback from the oxygen sensor. The SECU-3 system provides unique opportunities for reassigning the I/O pins of the mainboard for custom uses in engine tuning. It also provides smooth speed control of the engine electric cooling fan. The system includes its own software which allows editing all major settings and fuel and ignition maps in real time (when the engine is running), and switching between 2 or 4 sets of maps. SECU-3 system has many other advanced features (listed below). Currently, there are five modifications of the unit: The device is developed using the 8-bit AVR microcontroller ATMega644, with 64kB memory (ROM), 4kB random access memory (RAM), and operates at a clock frequency of 20 MHz. It includes analog and digital inputs, separate chip for preprocessing signal from the knock sensor (KS) (except SECU-3 'Lite' and 'Micro' units), a signal conditioner for VR start-pulse sensor (except SECU-3 Micro unit), a signal conditioner for the VR crankshaft position sensor (CKP), the interface with a computer, and the outputs for actuators control. Structural diagram of the system with SECU-3T unit: Structural diagram of the system with SECU-3L unit is shown on the following picture: Structural diagram of the system with SECU-3 Micro unit: Example of wiring diagram of the SECU-3T unit for controlling of simultaneous or semi-sequential fuel injection on the 4-cylinder engine is shown on the picture below. Hi-z injectors and stepper IAC valve are used. On the right side of picture we can see external connector functions which should be remapped to specified values. It is done in the SECU-3 Manager software.
  • 869
  • 09 Nov 2022
Biography
Raymond R. Zimmerman
Raymond Rudolph Zimmerman (November 7, 1893 – 1976) was an American engineer, personnel manager, and civil servant. He is known as 6th president of the Society for Advancement of Management in the year 1944-1946,[1] and as Administrative Assistant to President Truman in 1945-1947.[2] Zimmerman was born 1893 in Dighton, Kansas, son of Reverent Otto С. Zimmerman and Katherine (Buehler) Zim
  • 869
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Frederick W. Lander
Frederick William[1][2] Lander (December 17, 1821 – March 2, 1862) was a transcontinental United States explorer, general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a prolific poet. Lander was born in Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Edward and Eliza West Lander; his sister was the sculptor Louisa Lander. He was educated at Governor Dummer Academy, Phillips Academy, Andover and No
  • 868
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Ship Detection
Intelligently detection and recognition of ships from high-resolution remote sensing images is an extraordinary useful task in civil and military reconnaissance. It is difficult to detect the ships with high precision because the various disturbances are present in the sea such as clouds, mist, islands, coastlines, ripples and so on. To solve this problem, we propose a novel ship detection network based on multi-layer convolutional feature fusion. Our ship detection network consists of three parts. Firstly, the convolutional feature extraction network is used to extract ship features of different levels. Residual connection is introduced so that the model can be designed very deeply, and it is easy to train and converge. Secondly, the proposed network fuses fine-grained features from shallow layers with semantic features from deep layers, which is beneficial to detect ship targets with different sizes. At the same time, it is helpful to improve the localization accuracy and detection accuracy of small objects. Finally, the multiple fused feature maps are used for classification and regression, which can adapt to ship of multi-scales. 
  • 867
  • 09 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Nanosilica-toughened epoxy resins
Surface-modified silica nanoparticles are available as concentrates in epoxy resins inindustrial quantities for nearly 20 years. Meanwhile, they are used in many epoxy resin formulationsfor various applications like fiber-reinforced composites, adhesives or electronic components; even inspace vehicles like satellites. Some of the drawbacks of “classic” epoxy toughening using elastomersas a second phase, like lower modulus or a loss in strength can be compensated by using nanosilicatogether with such tougheners. Apparently, there exists a synergy as toughness and fatigueperformance are increased significantly. This work intends to provide an overview regarding thepossibilities of nanotoughening with silica, the industrial applications of such epoxy resin formulationsand the most recent research results. Furthermore an overview of other material improvements achieved by the modification of epoxy resins with nanosilica is given.
  • 860
  • 05 Jan 2021
Topic Review
List of Gliders (C)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
  • 859
  • 25 Oct 2022
Biography
John E. Otterson
John Edward Otterson (March 29, 1881 – August 10, 1964)[1] was an American engineer and business executive at Winchester Repeating Arms Company in the 1920s,[2] Western Electric Company in the 1920-30s, and at Paramount Productions, Inc. in 1935-36. He is also known as 3rd president of the Taylor Society in the year 1918-19.[3] Otterson was born in 1881 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, son of
  • 858
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
The term “Additive Manufacturing (AM)” refers to those technologies of building layer upon layer from a 3D model in .STL format through seamless digital Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) integration; by varying the material used, the energy source and other macroparameters, different AM techniques can be specified and can be used for different applications. For the American Society for Testing and Standards (ASTM), there are seven types of AM: (1). Vat Photopolymerisation (VPP): the liquid photopolymer in a vat is selectively cured by light-activated polymerisation; (2).Material Jetting (MJT): the droplets of the build material are selectively deposited; (3). Binder Jetting (BJT): the liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to join powder materials; (4). Material Extrusion (MEX): the material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle or orifice; (5).Powder Bed Fusion (PBF): the thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder bed; (6).Sheet Lamination (SL): sheets of the material are bonded to form an object; (7). Direct Energy Deposition (DED): focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited. Variable subclasses can also be identified for each of the previous seven main classes based on the materials with which they operate.
  • 858
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Double-Barreled Shotgun
A double-barreled shotgun is a break-action shotgun with two parallel barrels, allowing two single shots to be fired in quick succession.
  • 853
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chemical-Mechanical Planarization
Chemical mechanical polishing/planarization is a process of smoothing surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces. It can be thought of as a hybrid of chemical etching and free abrasive polishing.
  • 853
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ergonomics Factors in Implement Safer Collaborative Robotic Workstation
There is a worldwide interest in implementing collaborative robots (Cobots) to reduce work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) risk. While prior work in this field has recognized the importance of considering Ergonomics & Human Factors (E&HF) in the design phase, most works tend to highlight workstations’ improvements due to Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC).
  • 851
  • 04 Nov 2021
Biography
Frederick Hauck
Frederick Hamilton "Rick" Hauck (pronounced "Howk"; born April 11, 1941) is a retired Captain in the United States Navy, a former fighter pilot and NASA astronaut. He piloted Space Shuttle mission STS-7 and commanded STS-51-A and STS-26. He was born April 11, 1941 in Long Beach, California, but considers Winchester, Massachusetts and Washington, D.C. to be his hometowns. His parents were the
  • 850
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
Irwin Lachman
Irwin Lachman (born August 2, 1930) is a co-inventor of the catalytic converter. Lachman was born August 2 in Brooklyn, New York in 1930 and grew up in Jersey Homesteads, New Jersey, and attended Upper Freehold Township High School (later renamed Allentown High School).[1] Lachman was born in Brooklyn, New York, where late his family moved to New Jersey, attending the public schools.[2] He re
  • 850
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Alexander Kennedy Miller
Alexander Kennedy Miller (July 14, 1906 – October 23, 1993),[1] also known as A. K. Miller, was an eccentric recluse who operated Miller's Flying Service in 1930, in Montclair, New Jersey, US. Miller provided mail and other delivery services by means of an autogyro, as well as listing "Expert Automobile Repairing" and "Aeroplanes Rebuilt & Overhauled" on his business card.[2] In his later year
  • 847
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Billy Klüver
Johan Wilhelm (Billy) Klüver (November 13, 1927 – March 20, 2004) was an electrical engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories who founded Experiments in Art and Technology. Klüver lectured extensively on art and technology and social issues to be addressed by the technical community. He published numerous articles on these subjects. Klüver curated (or was curatorial adviser) for fourteen majo
  • 846
  • 08 Dec 2022
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