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Topic Review
The Epidemiology of Osteoporosis in Men
Osteoporosis is called the ‘silent disease’ because, although it does not give significant symptoms when it is not complicated, can cause fragility fractures with severe short and long-term consequences until premature death. Men experiencing hip fractures have a higher likelihood of premature death than women during the hospital stay as well as after years from index event. 
  • 465
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Efficacy and Enterococcal Consumption
Enterococci are often used in probiotics but can also cause nosocomial infections. As such, enterococcal consumption may have beneficial health effects, but a thorough evaluation of virulence absence and risk of antibiotic resistance spread is needed at the strain level. 
  • 464
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Use of Prehospital Intensive Care Units in Emergencies
 Amidst a rising tide of trauma-related emergencies, emergency departments worldwide grapple with the challenges of overcrowding and prolonged patient wait times. Addressing these challenges, the integration of prehospital intensive care units has appeared as a promising solution, streamlining trauma care and enhancing patient safety. Nevertheless, the feasibility of such an initiative becomes murky when considered globally. A country’s emergency medical services must achieve specific milestones in education, competency, resource availability, and performance to effectively harness the potential of a prehospital intensive care unit. While certain nations are equipped, others lag, highlighting a global disparity in readiness for such advanced care modalities.
  • 462
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Management of Lung Toxicity with T-DXd in Canada
Ongoing advances in precision cancer therapy have increased the number of molecularly targeted and immuno-oncology agents for a variety of cancers, many of which have been associated with a risk of pulmonary complications, among the most concerning being drug-induced interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (DI-ILD). As the number of patients undergoing treatment with novel anticancer agents continues to grow, DI-ILD is expected to become an increasingly significant clinical challenge. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody–drug conjugate targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 that is gaining widespread use in the metastatic breast cancer setting and is undergoing exploration for other oncologic indications. ILD/pneumonitis is an adverse event of special interest associated with T-DXd, which has potentially fatal consequences if left untreated and allowed to progress. When identified in the asymptomatic stage (grade 1), T-DXd-related ILD can be monitored and treated effectively with the possibility of treatment continuation. Delayed diagnosis and/or treatment, however, results in progression to grade 2 or higher toxicity and necessitates immediate and permanent discontinuation of this active agent. Strategies are, therefore, needed to optimize careful monitoring during treatment to ensure patient safety and optimize outcomes.
  • 457
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Heart Failure and Role of Inflammation
Inflammation is a major component of heart failure (HF), causing peripheral vasculopathy and cardiac remodeling. High levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in HF patients have been well recognized. The hallmark of the inflammatory imbalance is the insufficient production of anti-inflammatory mediators, a condition that leads to dysregulated cytokine activity. The condition progresses because of the pathogenic consequences of the cytokine imbalance, including the impact of endothelial dysfunction and adrenergic responsiveness deterioration, and unfavorable inotropic effects on the myocardium. Hence, to develop possible anti-inflammatory treatment options that will enhance the outcomes of HF patients, it is essential to identify the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation in HF. 
  • 451
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune disorder. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is marked by self-tissue destruction as a consequence of an alteration in the adaptive immune response that entails the evasion of immune regulation. Vitamin D carries out an immunomodulatory role that appears to promote immune tolerance.
  • 449
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Diagnostics of Multi-Order Lung Cancer Models
The early detection and classification of lung cancer is crucial for improving a patient’s outcome. However, the traditional classification methods are based on single machine learning models. Hence, this is limited by the availability and quality of data at the centralized computing server. 
  • 448
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Thyroid Profile Test: Understanding Its Importance
The test measures the levels of thyroid hormones in your blood to diagnose or monitor conditions like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and other thyroid-related disorders.
  • 444
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Gait Monitoring and Analysis
Gait abnormalities are common in the elderly and individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s, often leading to reduced mobility and increased fall risk. Monitoring and assessing gait patterns in these populations play a crucial role in understanding disease progression, early detection of motor impairments, and developing personalized rehabilitation strategies. In particular, by identifying gait irregularities at an early stage, healthcare professionals can implement timely interventions and personalized therapeutic approaches, potentially delaying the onset of severe motor symptoms and improving overall patient outcomes.
  • 443
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Protein Biomarkers in Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis is an increasingly common clinical problem worldwide. The formation of stones is a combination of metabolic status, environmental factors, family history and many other aspects. It is important to find new ways to quickly detect and assess urolithiasis because it causes sudden, severe pain and often comes back.
  • 439
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Electroencephalography in Rural Children at Neurodevelopmental Risk
Children from rural areas face numerous possibilities of neurodevelopmental conditions that may compromise their well-being and optimal development. Neuropsychology and electroencephalography (EEG) have shown strong agreement in detecting correlations between these two variables and suggest an association with specific environmental and social risk factors. 
  • 436
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Genetic Testing for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Early-stage breast cancer refers to breast cancer at clinical stage I–stage II, accounting for 73.1% of breast cancer. For patients at an early stage, rational and effective treatment is vital to improve prognosis. An increasing number of studies have made important progress, such as the OlympiA trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and the KARISMA trial of CYP2D6 mutations in patients using tamoxifen. Regimens of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments used to be mainly based on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, but deficiencies are still noticed in forecasting the efficacy and prognosis. To complement the deficiency, MGAs, including Oncotype Dx, MammaPrint, RecurIndex, BCI, EndoPredict, and PAM50, were developed.
  • 435
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
AI and Radiomics in Bladder Cancer
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in oncology marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of personalized medicine, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers such as bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer. These cutting-edge technologies are reshaping the foundations of cancer care, heralding a paradigm shift towards precision-driven methods. The diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer have been profoundly transformed by the recent advancements in AI and radiomics.
  • 435
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Self-Management Interventions for Type II Diabetes
Self-management interventions (SMIs) may be promising in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM). However, accurate comparisons of their relative effectiveness are challenging, partly due to a lack of clarity and detail regarding the intervention content being evaluated.
  • 432
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The Process of Plaque Rupture
A warning sign for impending cardiovascular events is not fully established. In the process of plaque rupture, the formation of vulnerable plaque is important, and oxidized cholesterols play an important role in its progression. Furthermore, the significance of vasa vasorum penetrating the medial smooth muscle layer and being rich in atheromatous lesions should be noted. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a new arterial stiffness index of the arterial tree from the origin of the aorta to the ankle. The CAVI reflects functional stiffness, in addition to structural stiffness. The rapid rise in the CAVI means medial smooth muscle cell contraction and strangling vasa vasorum. A rapid rise in the CAVI in people after a big earthquake, following a high frequency of cardiovascular events has been reported. 
  • 432
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Use of Biosensors and IoMT in COVID-19 Prediction
By using a connected network, a healthcare system with the Internet of Things (IoT) functionality can effectively monitor COVID-19 cases. IoT helps a COVID-19 patient recognize symptoms and receive better therapy more quickly. A critical component in measuring, evaluating, and diagnosing the risk of infection is artificial intelligence (AI). It can be used to anticipate cases and forecast the alternate incidences number, retrieved instances, and injuries. In the context of COVID-19, IoT technologies are employed in specific patient monitoring and diagnosing processes to reduce COVID-19 exposure to others.
  • 431
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Upper Cervical Chiropractors Hot Trend in New York
As the bustling metropolis of New York City continues to be at the forefront of health and wellness trends, one particular practice gaining significant attention is Upper Cervical Chiropractic. This specialized form of chiropractic care focuses on the intricate alignment of the uppermost vertebrae in the spine, known as the cervical region.
  • 417
  • 25 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Postprandial Exercise in Mitigating Glycemic Responses
Engaging in some forms of exercise following a meal is effective in mitigating postprandial hyperglycemia and assisting with daily glycemic control. The improved glycemic response observed in studies using diverse exercise protocols suggests that an exercise strategy aimed at reducing blood glucose response can be readily applied without being constrained by the availability of exercise equipment or the functional capacity of an individual, as long as the exercise duration is sufficient (i.e., >30 min). 
  • 394
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Developing Cardio-Oncology Programs in the New Era
Modern cancer therapies have achieved a remarkable improvement in overall survival and patients’ quality of life. However, cardiovascular toxicities are still a major concern. A specific Cardio-Oncology unit is key to offering patients with cancer the best approaches to treatment while minimizing adverse cardiac effects. Moreover, this area of medicine requires a large expertise and has limited trials on which to base decision-making. The development of structured Cardio-Oncology programs leads to better patient care and generates scientific evidence that may impact patient’s survival outcomes.
  • 389
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Health Transport Demand
Efficient planning and management of health transport services are crucial for improving accessibility and enhancing the quality of healthcare. Specifically, health transport services data from Asturias, spanning a seven-year period, are analyzed with the aim of developing accurate predictive models.
  • 377
  • 31 Jan 2024
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