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Biography
Bill Ratliff
William Roark Ratliff (born August 16, 1936), is a Texas politician who served as a member of the Texas State Senate from 1988 to 2004.[1] Between 2000 and 2003 he served as the 40th Lieutenant Governor of Texas, after previous Lieutenant Governor Rick Perry succeeded to the governorship to replace George W. Bush who resigned to become President of the United States.[2] Bill Ratliff was educa
  • 928
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Sarkes Tarzian
Sarkes Tarzian (October 5, 1900 – November 17, 1987) was an Ottoman-born United States engineer, inventor, and broadcaster. He was ethnic Armenian born in the Ottoman Empire. He and his family immigrated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States in 1907, following their persecution by Ottoman Turks.[1] "His father escaped to America from the Turkish massacres of Armenians, and got a job as
  • 928
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
Bryant Hammett
Bryant O'Dare Hammett, Jr. (born September 30, 1956), is a civil engineer and land surveyor from Ferriday in Concordia Parish in eastern Louisiana, who served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1992–2006.[1] Hammett graduated in 1974 from the private Huntington High School in Ferriday. He subsequently earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Louisiana Tech
  • 928
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
Elzy Burroughs
Elzy Burroughs (1771/77–1825) was an American stonemason, engineer, lighthouse builder and keeper. Elzy Burroughs was born and raised in Stafford County, Virginia. Elzy Burroughs' family leased and operated a sandstone quarry in the Aquia Creek area of Stafford County. Known as Aquia sandstone, material from quarries in this area was utilized in the construction of Mount Vernon, the United St
  • 925
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
USS Cairo
USS Cairo /ˈkeɪroʊ/ was one of the first American ironclad warships built at the beginning of the U.S. Civil War. Cairo was the lead ship of the City-class gunboats and named for Cairo, Illinois. In June 1862, she captured the Confederate garrison of Fort Pillow on the Mississippi, enabling Union forces to occupy Memphis. As part of the Yazoo Pass Expedition, she was sunk on 12 December 1862, while clearing mines for the attack on Haines Bluff. Cairo was the first ship ever to be sunk by a mine remotely detonated by hand. The remains of Cairo can be viewed at Vicksburg National Military Park with a museum of its weapons and naval stores.
  • 925
  • 08 Nov 2022
Biography
Lloyd J. Dumas
Lloyd Jeff Dumas (born May 18, 1945) is a Professor of Political Economy, Economics, and Public Policy in the School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas. He is an expert in many areas, including but not limited to, the economics of peace, economic conversion, the macroeconomics of military spending, climate change and economic solutions, human reliabi
  • 924
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Improving Biomass Quality in Miscanthus
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification.
  • 921
  • 24 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Respiratory Protection Devices
Respiratory protective devices (RPDs) play a crucial role in controlling infection, particularly for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 that have a high transmission rate, strong viability, multiple infection routes and mechanisms, and emerging new variants that could reduce the efficacy of existing vaccines. 
  • 920
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Public Participation Geographic Information System
A public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) is meant to bring the academic practices of GIS and mapping to the local level in order to promote knowledge production by local and non-governmental groups. The idea behind PPGIS is empowerment and inclusion of marginalized populations, who have little voice in the public arena, through geographic technology education and participation. PPGIS uses and produces digital maps, satellite imagery, sketch maps, and many other spatial and visual tools, to change geographic involvement and awareness on a local level. The term was coined in 1996 at the meetings of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA).
  • 919
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Double-Barreled Shotgun
A double-barreled shotgun is a break-action shotgun with two parallel barrels, allowing two single shots to be fired in quick succession.
  • 919
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
List of Gliders (F)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
  • 917
  • 19 Oct 2022
Biography
James S. Voss
James Shelton Voss (born March 3, 1949) is a retired United States Army Colonel and NASA astronaut. During his time with NASA, Voss flew in space five times on board the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. He also served as deputy of Flight Operations for the Space Station Program Mission Integration and Operations Office. While participating in ISS Expedition 2, he and Susan Helms co
  • 917
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
Alexander Weygers
Alexander George (Alex) Weygers, (October 12, 1901–July 23, 1989), was a polymath Dutch-American artist who is best known as a sculptor, painter, print maker, blacksmith, carpenter, philosopher, Aerospace engineer and author. Weygers was born in Mojokerto, Dutch East Indies, where his Dutch parents, Albert Weijgers en Johanna van Leenhoff, owned and operated a sugar plantation and a hotel.
  • 915
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Design Components for Electrospun Vascular Prosthesis
The design parameters for electrospun vascular grafts can be divided into two categories: the constructional parameters, which involve fiber diameter, pore size, porosity, fiber orientation, wall thickness, the number of layers, and material selection. The scaffold’s configuration and material choice are both essential because they have a significant impact on mechanical and biological characteristics, including compliance, tensile strength, burst pressure, blood permeability, and suturability, as well as biological processes such as cell phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, and cell diffusion.
  • 907
  • 26 Oct 2022
Biography
Jack Boyd Buckley
Jack Boyd Buckley (February 6, 1926 – October 9, 2007 in Fort Wayne, Indiana) was a civil engineer and building consultant based in Houston, Texas. He played a major role in the construction of numerous high-rise buildings and amusement parks throughout the world, including Pennzoil Place and Greenway Plaza in Houston, and was involved in the design of the air conditioning system of the Astrod
  • 907
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chemical-Mechanical Planarization
Chemical mechanical polishing/planarization is a process of smoothing surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces. It can be thought of as a hybrid of chemical etching and free abrasive polishing.
  • 902
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Eugene S. Ferguson
Eugene Shallcross Ferguson (1916 – 21 March 2004) was an American engineer, historian of technology and professor of history at the University of Delaware, particularly known for his 1992 work Engineering and the Mind's Eye. Ferguson was born in Wilmington, Delaware, and raised in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania. He obtained his BS in mechanical engineering at the Carnegie Institute of Technology
  • 901
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sound Masking
Masking Sound is the addition of generated sound (commonly, though inaccurately, referred to as "white noise" or "pink noise") into an environment to mask unwanted sound. It relies on auditory masking. Masking sound is not an active noise control (noise cancellation technique). Masking sound reduces or eliminates perception of sound. The technology is promoted as a widespread application to an entire area to improve the acoustical satisfaction, by improving the acoustical privacy of the space. This improves one's ability to focus and their productivity. Masking sound is analogous to light. - Sound Power and Luminosity - Sound Intensity and Light intensity - They both have spectral characteristics.
  • 899
  • 24 Oct 2022
Biography
Fairman Rogers
Fairman Rogers (November 15, 1833 – August 22, 1900) was an United States civil engineer, educator, and philanthropist, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1853, and taught civil engineering there from 1855 to 1871.[1] He was one of four professors who founded its Department of Mines, Arts and Manufacturers (1855), and he served as a Univers
  • 898
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
SECU-3
SECU-3 is an internal combustion engine control unit. It is being developed as an open source project (drawings, schematic diagrams, source code etc. are open and freely available for all). Anyone can take part in the project, and can access all the information without any registrations. SECU-3 system controls the ignition, fuel injection and various other actuators of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and vehicle. In particular, it is capable of controlling the carburetor choke using a stepper motor (auto choke), thus controlling RPM when engine is warming up. SECU-3 manages AFR on the carburetor engines (similar to AXTEC AFR systems), idle cut-off valve and wide open throttle mode valve in carburetor systems, controls electric fuel pump and gas valves in closed loop mode according to the feedback from the oxygen sensor. The SECU-3 system provides unique opportunities for reassigning the I/O pins of the mainboard for custom uses in engine tuning. It also provides smooth speed control of the engine electric cooling fan. The system includes its own software which allows editing all major settings and fuel and ignition maps in real time (when the engine is running), and switching between 2 or 4 sets of maps. SECU-3 system has many other advanced features (listed below). Currently, there are five modifications of the unit: The device is developed using the 8-bit AVR microcontroller ATMega644, with 64kB memory (ROM), 4kB random access memory (RAM), and operates at a clock frequency of 20 MHz. It includes analog and digital inputs, separate chip for preprocessing signal from the knock sensor (KS) (except SECU-3 'Lite' and 'Micro' units), a signal conditioner for VR start-pulse sensor (except SECU-3 Micro unit), a signal conditioner for the VR crankshaft position sensor (CKP), the interface with a computer, and the outputs for actuators control. Structural diagram of the system with SECU-3T unit: Structural diagram of the system with SECU-3L unit is shown on the following picture: Structural diagram of the system with SECU-3 Micro unit: Example of wiring diagram of the SECU-3T unit for controlling of simultaneous or semi-sequential fuel injection on the 4-cylinder engine is shown on the picture below. Hi-z injectors and stepper IAC valve are used. On the right side of picture we can see external connector functions which should be remapped to specified values. It is done in the SECU-3 Manager software.
  • 893
  • 09 Nov 2022
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