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Topic Review
Effects of Nitric Oxide on Fruit Ripening
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical that has been become a potential tool to maintain the quality of postharvest horticultural produce (such as fruits). It plays important roles in delaying ripening, alleviating chilling injury, preventing browning, and enhancing disease resistance. The regulatory function of NO is achieved through the post-transcriptional modification of proteins, such as tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosylation, and nitroalkylation. Secondly, NO can also induce the expression of stress-related genes by synergistically interacting with other signaling substances, such as Ca2+, ethylene (ETH), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable European Hazelnut Cultivation
European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is a shrub native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and it is the most important species among the Corylus genus, mainly due to its high kernel demand from the confectionery industry.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Foliar Nutrition with Organic Acids
As a result of global warming related to the development of industry and agriculture, the proportion of atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased, and temperatures have risen to un-precedented levels. As a result, heat stress, aridity, and salinity in soil has increased, leading to significant research focused on soil deterioration and reduced agricultural productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the means to maintain crop productivity. Agricultural research is seeking novel solutions that guarantee stability and increase the production and quality of crops, including innovative models for feeding crops using non-traditional methods, the most important of which is nourishing plants via their leaves to ensure the cessation of their soil consumption. It is considered an integrated pest-control method, and the technique could be included in plant nutrition. Foliar nutrition has been shown to be a perfect substitute for providing secondary nutrients and micronutrients to plants; however, it cannot be substituted for the fertigation or the fertilization of maintain the soil’s macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Grapevine Relevance and Grapevine in near East Origins
The origins of the main cultivar groups of Vitis vinifera, their relationships with wild grapevine populations, and the use of other Vitaceae are relevant issues for the improvement and conservation of Vitis diversity. Morphometric studies, domestication indices, multivariate analyses, and Bayesian hypothesis testing have been used. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Gardens for Dementia People
Contact with nature involves the exposure to greenery in general, or it can involve specific activities such as gardening therapy or the use of therapeutic gardens, both of which are among the non-pharmacological treatments recommended for PWD and other kinds of disease [7,8]. Therapeutic gardens can be used more or less actively, for gardening or other activities (e.g., psychotherapy), or passively (for walking or simply sitting in). They can be built inside or outside care facilities. Including therapeutic gardens in care environments has positive effects on agitation, behavior, walking, stress levels, self-esteem, depression, and aggressiveness.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Trichoderma spp. in Ornamental Plants
Scientists all over the world conduct research to determine the influence of Trichoderma spp. on various groups of plants, mostly crops. However, there is little information on the influence of these fungi on ornamental plants. Trichoderma spp. in this group of plants is also an effective biostimulant. These fungi are important tools in promoting the growth and flowering of ornamental plants. Stimulates nutrient uptake and the formation of chlorophyll and carotenoids. With them, the use of fertilizers can be reduced, thus protecting the environment.   
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Salicylic Acid in Watermelon-Resistant Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium wilt disease is leading threat to watermelon yield and quality. Different cultivation cropping systems have been reported as safe and efficient methods to control watermelon Fusarium wilt. However, the role of salicylic acid (SA) in watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt in these different cultivation systems remains unknown. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR are used to study the effect of SA biosynthesis on improving watermelon health, demonstrating how it may be responsible for Fusarium wilt resistance under continuous monocropping and oilseed rape rotation systems. Results indicated that the expression of the CIPALs genes was key to SA accumulation in watermelon plants. The NPR family genes may have played different roles in responding to the SA signal.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pest among Diversity of Pestiferous Thrips
The word “pest” can be interpreted in many ways, ranging from something that causes minor personal irritation to something that results in major economic losses. The various insects that are referred to as thrips are used to discuss the question “what is a pest”.  The diversity in biology among species of thrips is discussed of their respective families and subfamilies, emphasising that pest behaviour is found in relatively few species of the insect Order Thysanoptera. 
  • 1.0K
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Salinity Stress Adaptive Mechanisms
Salinity stress is a major threat to the commonly grown crop cultivars. The close relatives of modern cultivated plants such as their crop wild relatives (CWRs), can be a promising and sustainable resource to broaden the diversity of crops for the salinity stress tolerances. Contemporary developments in the transcriptomic technologies have revealed the valuable genetic variation of CWRs that represents a practical gene pool for improving the plant’s adaptability to salt stress.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Phenotyping Based on Sweet Cherries
Australia produces high-quality sweet cherries and generates revenue from local and export markets. Due to increased demand in the markets, the area of sweet cherry production has increased in Australia. Sweet cherry breeding and production have challenges such as self-incompatibility genotypes and phenotyping of agronomic, physiological, and quality traits. Phenotyping is identified as an interaction between cultivars and plant responses to different environmental conditions which determine the plant yield and fruit quality. Efficient phenotyping techniques are important to develop new sweet cherry cultivars in Australia with high yield potential, high fruit quality, temperature tolerance (cold and heat), and drought tolerance.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The New Green Challenge in Urban Planning
The creation of green areas within urban centers was born as a response to profoundly different problems, such as the demographic increase and the progressive urbanization of landscapes. Moreover, up to date, the genetics of plants has not been considered for urban contexts. Considering the multitude of urban contexts, purposes, and needs for which green spaces in cities are created, it is today very challenging to provide an exhaustive definition of ‘urban area’ and its relative ‘urban vegetation’, since the geographic, climatic, and resource-related opportunities, and constraints, are not equally distributed factors across the world and specific for each context. Furthermore, urban vegetation can also include cultural plant typology with agricultural interest related to food production, such as the horticultural species.
  • 990
  • 08 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Fruit Crop Improvement with Genome Editing, Transgenic Approaches
Fruit crop species contribute to nutritional and health security by providing micronutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive phytoconstituents, and hence fruit-based products are becoming functional foods presently and for the future. The threat of climate change and need for improvement in several traits including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and higher nutritional quality has necessitated novel biotechnological  and genomics strategies for large-scale multiplication of elite clones, in vitro, mutagenesis, genetic transformation and genome editing for a diverse agronomic and nutritional quality traits. 
  • 986
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Two BAHD Acetyltransferases in Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
Volatile benzenoid compounds are found in diverse aromatic bouquets emitted by most moth-pollinated flowers. The night-blooming Jasminum sambac is widely cultivated worldwide in the tropics and subtropics for ornamental and industrial purposes owing to its fragrant flowers. 
  • 975
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Post-Harvest Technological Advances and Ripening Techniques for Peach
Post-harvest handling and ripening techniques have an impact on peach quality and shelf life, which has a big impact on consumer satisfaction and market competitiveness.
  • 962
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Strategic Approaches of Pre-/Post-Harvest Treatment Technologies for Peach
Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the representative climacteric fruits susceptible to environmental stresses, including microbial contamination. The researchers analyzed major findings from the literature on pre- and post-harvest technologies for maintaining the quality of peach fruit to figure out the strengths and limitations of each treatment strategy. The key implication from studies of pre-harvest agents directly applied to the fruit surface or supplemented as fertilizer was the application of a mixture regarding substances with diverse working mechanisms to prevent excessive use of the agent. The common objectives of previous research on pre-harvest treatments were not only the improvement in the quality of harvested fruit but also the storability during long-term refrigeration due to the short lifespan of peaches. In the case of post-harvest treatments, the efficacy was considerably affected by various determinant factors (e.g., a cultivar of fruit, the sort of technologies, and storage environments), and thus operating conditions optimized for peach fruit were described. Whereas, although the combined treatment of technologies categorized into principles (physical, chemical, and biological approaches) has been adopted to achieve the synergistic effect, undesirable antagonistic effects (i.e., the inhibition of efficacies expectable from singular treatments) were also reported to highlight the importance for exploring adequate treatment conditions.
  • 959
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Phenotyping in Protected Cropping
Protected cropping produces more food per land area than field-grown crops. Protected cropping includes low-tech polytunnels utilizing protective coverings, medium-tech facilities with some environmental control, and high-tech facilities such as fully automated glasshouses and indoor vertical farms. High crop productivity and quality are maintained by using environmental control systems and advanced precision phenotyping sensor technologies that were first developed for broadacre agricultural and can now be utilized for protected-cropping applications.  The adoption of climate monitoring and control technologies and precision phenotyping methodologies in protected cropping is required for sustaining future food security and enhancing nutritional quality.
  • 956
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth.
  • 954
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas as Genome-Editing Technique in Fruit Tree Breeding
CRISPR (short for “Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats”) is a technology that research scientists use to selectively modify the DNA of living organisms. CRISPR was adapted for use in the laboratory from the naturally occurring genome-editing systems found in bacteria.
  • 950
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
BcGR1.1 Enhanced Tolerance to Copper Stress in Arabidopsis
Copper is a mineral element, which is necessary for the normal growth and development of plants, but high levels of copper will seriously damage plants. Studies have shown that AtGR1 improves the tolerance of Arabidopsis to aluminum and cadmium stress. Researchers identified four genes (named BcGR1.1, BcGR1.2, BcGR2.1 and BcGR2.2, respectively) encoding glutathione reductase (GR) in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis), which could be divided into two types based on the subcellular localization. Among them, BcGR1.1, which belonged to the cytoplasmic localization type, was significantly upregulated under copper stress. Compared to WT (the wild type), Arabidopsis thaliana heterologously overexpressed BcGR1.1 had longer roots, higher fresh weight, higher GSH levels and GSH/GSSG (oxidized form of GSH) ratio, and accumulated more superoxide dismutase and peroxidase under copper stress. However, in the AsA-GSH cycle under copper stress, the contents of AsA and AsA/DHA were significantly downregulated, and the contents of DHA and T-AsA (total AsA) were upregulated, in the BcGR1.1-overexpressing Arabidopsis. Therefore, BcGR1.1 could improve the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the activity of GR, antioxidant enzymes and the utilization of AsA, and then enhance the copper stress tolerance of plants.
  • 925
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Salt Tolerance in Tomato
Salinity is a ubiquitous stressor, depleting osmotic potential and affecting the tomato seedlings’ development and productivity. The RBOH transcription factors activated the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signalling pathway that induced the detoxification mechanisms in tomato seedlings. Consequently, the increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and the corresponding ratio of non-enzymatic antioxidants AsA-GSH suggested the modulation of antioxidants to survive the salt-induced oxidative stress. In addition, the endogenous ABA level was enhanced under salinity stress, indicating higher ABA biosynthesis and signalling gene expression. 
  • 916
  • 06 Apr 2022
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