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Topic Review
Froth Flotation
Froth flotation is an important operation for the recovery of valuable minerals in the mining industry. The essence of flotation processes lies in the interactions between particles and bubbles, which can be categorized into three successive sub-processes which are bubble-particle collision, attachment and detachment. These three sub-processes determine the overall performance of flotation processes for treating a particular ore.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
High-Performance Laser Scribing of Thin Film Solar Cells
The development of thin-film photovoltaics has emerged as a promising solution to the global energy crisis within the field of solar cell technology. However, transitioning from laboratory scale to large-area solar cells requires precise and high-quality scribes to achieve the required voltage and reduce ohmic losses. Laser scribing has shown great potential in preserving efficiency by minimizing the drop in geometrical fill factor, resistive losses, and shunt formation. However, due to the laser induced photothermal effects, various defects can initiate and impact the quality of scribed grooves and weaken the module’s efficiency. In this regard, much research has been conducted to analyze the geometrical fill factor, surface integrity, and electrical performance of the laser scribes to reach higher power conversion efficiencies.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Data-Driven Production Logistics
A data-driven approach in production logistics is adopted as a response to challenges such as low visibility and system rigidity. within data-driven production logistics, data is the backbone of the system and all the components are bound together with data. Any decision is made based on data rather than intuition or even experience. All production logistics related activities are supported by data, which is constantly collected from data sources such as machines, human resources, sensors, actuators, etc. A data-driven approach facilitates transition towards a smart, autonomous production logistics system.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Expanding Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Applications
Some of the vital limitations to the broader use of these biopolymers are that they are less flexible and have less impact resistance when compared to petroleum-based plastics (e.g., polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS)). Recent advances have shown that with appropriate modification methods—plasticizers and fillers, polymer blends and nanocomposites, such limitations of both polymers can be overcome. This work is meant to widen the applicability of both polymers by reviewing the available materials on these methods and their impacts with a focus on the mechanical properties. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fabrication of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina 
The fabrication of a thick oxide layer onto an aluminum surface via anodization has been a subject of intense research activity for more than a century, largely due to protective and decorative applications. The capability to create well-defined pores via a cost-effective electrochemical oxidation technique onto the surface has made a major renaissance in the field, as the porous surfaces exhibit remarkably different properties compared to a bulk oxide layer. Amongst the various nanoporous structures being investigated, nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) with well-organized and highly ordered hexagonal honeycomb-like pores has emerged as the most popular nanomaterial due to its wide range of applications, ranging from corrosion resistance to bacterial repelling surfaces.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Microneedle Production
Microneedles (MNs) represent one of the most promising concepts for effective transdermal drug delivery that penetrate the protective skin barrier in a minimally invasive and painless manner. Therefore, different manufacturing methods, not only for MNs but also MN molds, are introduced, which allows for the cost-effective production of MNs for drug and vaccine delivery and even diagnostic/monitoring purposes.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Copper/Carbon Composites Prepared by Infiltration Technique
The liquid metal infiltration of carbon preformed with copper and its alloys is already an established and well-known process. It is extensively used by the electronic industry to produce heat sinks of power electronics and electric contacts and sliding electric contacts. The advantage of the process is its ability to produce near net shape components with high volume fractions of carbon at a relatively low price. The process is carried out in a vacuum and with low applied pressure. However, a strong dependence on the temperature of infiltration and its precise control is significant for the sound final product. For certain pair carbon matrix–copper alloys, different results could be obtained according to the infiltration temperature. If the temperature is too low, the solidification may occur prior to complete infiltration (high final porosity). When the temperature is too high, undesirable reactions may occur at the fiber–matrix interface (e.g., corrosive carbides). Therefore, there are still a lot of scientific papers pushing this technology to new directions and over old limits. Publications inside scientific journals within this field deal with composite materials for sliding electrical contact and electrical contact materials, sealing materials, parts of brake disks, pantograph strips for high-speed railways, other electric and mechanical applications and even for wall surface shields in future fusion devices.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Development of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Thermal barrier coating is critical for thermal insulation technology, making the underlying base metal capable of operating at a melting temperature of 1150 °C. By increasing the temperature of incoming gases, engineers can improve the thermal and mechanical performance of gas turbine blades and the piston cylinder arrangement. Developments in the field of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have made this material suitable for use in a variety of fields, including the aerospace and diesel engine industries. Changes in the turbine blade microstructure brought on by its operating environment determine how long and reliable it will be. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-layer, composite and functionally graded coatings depends heavily on the deposition procedures used to create them. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Shot Peening and Cavitation Peening
Shot peening is a dynamically developing surface treatment used to improve the surface properties modified by tool, impact, microblasting, or shot action.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Nondestructive Evaluation
Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are used in many industries to evaluate the properties of components and inspect for flaws and anomalies in structures without altering the part’s integrity or causing damage to the component being tested. This includes monitoring materials’ condition (Material State Awareness (MSA)) and health of structures (Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)). NDE techniques are highly valuable tools to help prevent potential losses and hazards arising from the failure of a component while saving time and cost by not compromising its future usage. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques are useful tools which can help automating data collection and analyses, providing new insights, and potentially improving detection performance in a quick and low effort manner with great cost savings. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
O&M Optimization for Manufacturing Systems with Energy Management
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) refers to activities related to daily operations and maintenance needed to preserve an asset so that it continues to provide services and maintain functioning. With the increasing attention paid to sustainable development worldwide, improving energy efficiency and applying effective means of energy saving have gradually received worldwide attention. As the largest energy consumers, manufacturing industries are inevitably facing pressures on energy optimization evolution from both governments and competitors. Among these enterprise activities, O&M of manufacturing systems are considered to have the most prospects for energy optimization. To address these issues, the existing O&M optimization approaches with energy management are reviewed and divided into several operation levels: single-machine, production-line, factory, and supply-chain levels. Recent research trends in O&M optimization with energy-management considerations in manufacturing systems are also discussed.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Injection Molding of Long Glass Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Resins
Glass fiber-reinforced phenolic resins are well suited to substitute aluminum die-cast materials. They meet the high thermomechanical and chemical demands that are typically found in combustion engine and electric drive train applications. An injection molding process development for further improving their mechanical properties by increasing the glass fiber length in the molded part was conducted. A novel screw mixing element was developed to improve the homogenization of the long fibers in the phenolic resin. The process operation with the mixing element is a balance between the desired mixing action, an undesired preliminary curing of the phenolic resin, and the reduction of the fiber length. 
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Smart Data
The digital transformation of manufacturing firms, in addition to making operations more efficient, offers important opportunities both to promote the transition to a circular economy and to experiment with new techniques for designing smarter and greener products.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Properties of Wire Arc-Sprayed Fe-Based Coatings
Among different thermal spraying methods, arc-spraying has been widely used due to its low operating costs and high deposition efficiency. The rapid progress of cored wire technology in arc-spraying has increased possibilities for the preparation of new Fe-based coating materials with enhanced properties by adding reinforcement particles and alloying elements to suit the different applications. 
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
3D Printed and Conventional Membranes
Additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing (3DP), is considered to be a possible approach to produce custom membranes with more manufacturing control than any other method of membrane manufacturing available today. Polymer membranes are central to the proper operation of several processes used in a wide range of applications. The production of these membranes relies on processes such as phase inversion, stretching, track etching, sintering, or electrospinning. Results show that very few membrane materials are used as 3D-printed membranes. Such membranes showed acceptable performance, better structures, and less environmental impact compared with those of conventional membranes.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
High-Pressure Die Casting Processing Parameters and Die Design
High-pressure die casting (HPDC) is often used to manufacture lightweight structures for automobiles and aeroplanes due to its high productivity and cast dimensional accuracy. The process is characterised by the high-speed injection of molten metal into a sealed mould cavity, followed by solidification under hydrostatic pressures of 30–100 MPa.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Multi-Material 3D Printing of Functional Ceramic Devices
As an emerging technology, multi-material 3D printing offers increased complexity and greater freedom in the design of functional ceramic devices because of its unique ability to directly construct arbitrary 3D parts that incorporate multiple material constituents without an intricate process or expensive tools.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process of Dissimilar Metals
Special attention is required when joining two materials with distinct chemical, physical and thermal properties in order to make the joint bond robust and rigid. Welded samples employing ER-309L filler wires had a microstructure consisting of a delta ferrite network in an austenite matrix. The tensile strength experimental results revealed that welding current, followed by GFR, was a highly influential parameter on tensile strength. Weld metals had higher hardness and flexural strength than stainless steel and carbon steel base metals. 
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
The Advanced Micro-Drilling Process
The increased demand for miniature components has drawn the attention of researchers, engineers, and industry users to manufacture precision micro and mesoholes on foils, sheets, and plates made from a variety of engineering materials. Due to the inherent limitations of conventional drilling processes, the modern or advanced drilling processes are being used to fabricate fine and deep precision holes in a wide range of materials. The spark erosion based drilling is one of them. A comprehensive detail on miniature hole fabrication by micro spark erosion machining (µ-SEM) and micro spark erosion drilling (µ-SED) is given.
  • 998
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Global Quality Management System in Systems of Systems
Quality Management in System of Systems (SoS) organizations are characterized by very complex products and organizational structures. Since SoS integrate multiple systems and technologies, the corresponding organizational systems are characterized by great complexity that includes sub-organizational substructures. 
  • 973
  • 08 Aug 2022
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