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Topic Review
Voice-Tacking
Voice-tracking, also called cyber jocking and referred to sometimes colloquially as a robojock, is a technique employed by some radio stations in radio broadcasting to produce the illusion of a live disc jockey or announcer sitting in the radio studios of the station when one is not actually present. It is one of the notable effects of radio homogenization.
  • 2.5K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Climate Emergency Declarations in Australia
Climate Emergency is being declared in Australia similarly to many other jurisdictions across the world (actions known as Climate emergency declaration). One such jurisdiction in Australia, Darebin City Council, was the first one in the world to declare a climate emergency in 2016. This page lists all known climate emergency declarations within Australian jurisdictions across all three levels of government in Australia (Local, State, and Federal).
  • 2.5K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bullet Journal
Bullet Journal is a method of personal organization developed by designer Ryder Carroll. The system organizes scheduling, reminders, to-do lists, brainstorming, and other organizational tasks into a single notebook. The name "Bullet Journal" comes from the use of abbreviated bullet points to log information, but it also partially comes from the use of dot journals, which are gridded using dots rather than lines. First shared with the public in 2013, it has become a popular method, garnering significant attention on Kickstarter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and Pinterest.
  • 2.5K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Supercritical CO2 Foaming Technologies
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foaming is divided into physical foaming and chemical foaming; in contrast with the latter, the use of a physical foaming agent for PLA foaming has the characteristic of being green and non-polluting in line with the current carbon-neutral development plan. At the same time, the foam obtained by physical foaming has the properties of lightweight, low density, and more stable. Common physical blowing agents are CO2 and N2. Due to the plasticizing effect of CO2, and its high solubility in PLA, which can promote the crystallization of PLA, the current research on the supercritical foaming of PLA, especially intermittent foaming, mainly uses CO2 as the preferred foaming agent. However, due to the fast diffusion rate of N2, smaller bubbles can be obtained in microcellular injection foaming using N2. Therefore, N2 is commonly used as a blowing agent in the microcellular injection foaming process. In the supercritical foaming process, foaming parameters, such as saturation temperature, saturation pressure, and saturation time have a great influence on the structure and properties of the bubble pores. The cell diameter, cell density, and foam volume expansion ratio are three fundamental parameters for characterizing the cell structure. The variation in the three parameters has a great influence on the cell structure and the performance of the foam. Cell diameter generally refers to the average diameter of at least 100 cell units in the foaming image obtained from electron microscopy. Cell density refers to the number of cells per cubic centimeter of the foamed sample. Volume expansion ratio refers to the density ratio of the unfoamed sample to the foamed sample.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Computer Vision and Convolutional Neural Networks
Computer vision (CV) combined with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has emerged as a reliable analytical method to effectively characterize and quantify high-throughput phenotyping of different grain crops, including rice, wheat, corn, and soybean. In addition to the ability to rapidly obtain information on plant organs and abiotic stresses, and the ability to segment crops from weeds, such techniques have been used to detect pests and plant diseases and to identify grain varieties. The development of corresponding imaging systems to assess the phenotypic parameters, yield, and quality of crop plants will increase the confidence of stakeholders in grain crop cultivation, thereby bringing technical and economic benefits to advanced agriculture.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Tourism Development in Uzbekistan
Tourism is one of the fastest-growing and most visible sectors of the global economy, contributing significantly to boosting a nation’s economy. Tourism-led economic growth considering sustainable approaches is becoming increasingly important in public policy. Urban and regional studies have begun to focus on the sustainability of tourism from social, economic, environmental, and cultural perspectives.
  • 2.5K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis is believed to underlie disease progression and permanent disability. Many mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS have been proposed, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and most recently RNA-binding protein dysfunction. Studying RNA-binding protein dysfunction addresses a gap in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, which may allow for novel therapies to be generated to attenuate neurodegeneration before irreversible central nervous system damage occurs.
  • 2.5K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Visual Values in Landscapes
The term “landscape” can have different meanings depending on the field of study. For a geomorphologist, for example, the landscape represents the Earth’s surface and is considered as the result of the formational physical processes. Meanwhile, a landscape ecologist would consider a landscape in the light of interactions that once took place or now take place within it. The focus on the interaction is equally felt behind the definition of the landscape provided by the European Landscape Convention (ELC), which considers a landscape as “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”(art. 1). This definition combines three significant aspects of the landscape: its geographical origins, anthropogenic modifications, and human perception. Visual values in landscapes are strictly related to human perception: they exist because they are perceived. 
  • 2.5K
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
CD19-CAR-T Cells
CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T (CD19-CAR-T) cell therapy usually causes B cell aplasia because of “on-target off-tumor” toxicity. The aim of the study was to assess the concept that the introduction of an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) into CAR-T cells could alleviate the side effect of CD19-CAR-T cell therapy. The results showed that CD19-CAR-T cells with a novel KIR/PD-1-based inhibitory CAR (iKP-19-CAR-T) exhibited more naïve, less exhausted phenotypes and preserved a higher proportion of central memory T cells (TCM). Furthermore, iKP-19-CAR-T cells exerted the similar level of cytotoxicity on CD19+HLA-C1- Burkitt’s lymphoma cells compared to CD19-CAR-T cells while sparing CD19+HLA-C1+ healthy human B cells both in vitro and in the xenograft model. Our data demonstrates that the KIR/PD-1-based inhibitory CAR can be a promising strategy to avoid B cell aplasia caused by CD19-CAR-T cell therapy.  
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Digital Technologies in the Water System
Urban water supply systems are complex and dynamic in nature, and as a result, can be considered complex to manage owing to enhanced urbanization levels, climate change, growing and varying consumer demands, and limited water resources. The operation of such a system must be managed effectively for sustainable water supply to satisfy the growing consumer demand. With the increasing growth in technology, the water sector is moving to the full phase of digitalization to enhance the sustainability of systems.
  • 2.5K
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Hollywood Indian
The Hollywood Indian is a fictitious stock character, a stereotype and representation of Native Americans used in television and movies, especially in the Western genre. The image of the Hollywood Indian reflects contemporary and historical Native American popular culture. Closely connected to myths and images created about Native Americans and the Wild West, the stereotype has undergone significant changes from the beginning of cinema to the present day.
  • 2.5K
  • 13 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Phase Change Materials-Incorporated Glazing Units
The building envelope provides thermal comfort, an excellent visual view, and sunlight for the occupants. It consists of two parts: (i) opaque (non-transparent) part (e.g., walls and roofs) and (ii) transparent part (e.g., windows, curtain walls, and skylight devices). Recently, the use of fully-glazed facades, especially in large cities, has been increased due to their aesthetical and structural advantages. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as latent energy storage material is the focus of this research, as well as other individual and combined techniques, including shading systems, solar cells (photovoltaic), and chromogenic (thermotropic and thermochromic) materials. PCM-integrated glazing systems have been extensively studied and rapidly developed over the past several decades from the standpoint of unique system designs, such as passive, active, and passive/active mixed designs, intelligent management, and sophisticated controls. In the academic literature, numerous studies on PCM-integrated building envelopes have been conducted, a comprehensive review of PCM-integrated GUs combined with other passive and active techniques using dialectical analysis and comparing the climatic conditions of each study using Köppen-Geiger climate classification climate classification has been performed only rarely. Consequently, the primary objective of this research is to reduce this discrepancy for all types of glazing, excluding glazed roofs.
  • 2.5K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Injectable Hydrogels
The transfer of some innovative technologies from the laboratory to industrial scale is many times not taken into account in the design and development of some functional materials such as hydrogels to be applied in the biomedical field. There is a lack of knowledge in the scientific field where many aspects of scaling to an industrial process are ignored, and products cannot reach the market. Injectable hydrogels are a good example that we have used in our research to show the different steps needed to follow to get a product in the market based on them. From synthesis and process validation to characterization techniques used and assays performed to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product, following regulation, several well-defined proto-cols must be adopted.
  • 2.5K
  • 12 Mar 2021
Topic Review
BRP for Non-Residential Buildings
According to its strategic long-term vision, Europe wants to be a climate-neutral economy by 2050 and buildings represent a sector with low-cost opportunities for high-level CO2 reduction. The main challenge is to increase the renovation rate of the existing building stock, which currently is around 1.2%/year. The ALliance for Deep RENovation (ALDREN) project developed a Holistic and reliable European Voluntary Certification Scheme to trigger deep renovation of non-residential buildings. The ALDREN approach is composed by a sum of protocols and tools with the goal of encouraging property owners to undertake renovation of existing buildings using a clear, robust, and comparable method using coherent and harmonized instruments, the so called ALDREN EPC and ALDREN Building Renovation Passport for non-residential buildings.
  • 2.5K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Two-Line Hybrid Rice Breeding
This entry enlightens a deep understanding of the molecular control of MF in EGMS liens and exploring the regulatory driving forces that function efficiently during plant adaptation under a changing environment. 
  • 2.5K
  • 11 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Bioactive Lipids in Food Applications
Bioactive lipids, such as fat-soluble vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, carotenoids and phytosterols play an important role in boosting human health and wellbeing. These lipophilic substances cannot be synthesized within the human body, and so people must include them in their diet. There is increasing interest in incorporating these bioactive lipids into functional foods designed to produce certain health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and cholesterol-lowering properties. However, many of these lipids have poor compatibility with food matrices and low bioavailability because of their extremely low water solubility. Nanotechnology is a promising technology that can be used to overcome many of these limitations. Different kinds of nanoscale delivery systems have been designed to encapsulate and protect bioactive lipids, thereby facilitating their handling, stability, food matrix compatibility, and bioavailability.
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Environmental Monitoring
Human activities and climate change constitute the contemporary catalyst for natural processes and their impacts, i.e., geo-environmental hazards. Globally, natural catastrophic phenomena and hazards, such as drought, soil erosion, quantitative and qualitative degradation of groundwater, frost, flooding, sea level rise, etc., are intensified by anthropogenic factors. Thus, they present rapid increase in intensity, frequency of occurrence, spatial density, and significant spread of the areas of occurrence. The impact of these phenomena is devastating to human life and to global economies, private holdings, infrastructure, etc., while in a wider context it has a very negative effect on the social, environmental, and economic status of the affected region. Geospatial technologies including Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing—Earth Observation as well as related spatial data analysis tools, models, databases, contribute nowadays significantly in predicting, preventing, researching, addressing, rehabilitating, and managing these phenomena and their effects. 
  • 2.5K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
APT (Package Manager)
Advanced Package Tool, or APT, is a free-software user interface that works with core libraries to handle the installation and removal of software on Debian, Ubuntu, and related Linux distributions. APT simplifies the process of managing software on Unix-like computer systems by automating the retrieval, configuration and installation of software packages, either from precompiled files or by compiling source code.
  • 2.5K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pedagogical Potential of TikTok for ESL Classrooms
The predominance of the use of the English language on social media entails its potential usefulness in regard to English as a second language (ESL) learning. Amongst all social media platforms, none can boast the ubiquity of TikTok. This application has been, and continues to be, one of the largest and most influential social media platforms, as well as a massive success across a range of fields with the most active users in the world. In the field of education, it has the potential to enhance educational pedagogies.
  • 2.5K
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Waste to Energy Conversion Processes
Sustainable biofuel production is the most effective way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels while preserving food security and land use. The most common methods of converting organic waste into energy are biochemical methods such as anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The use of bioelectrochemical technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microbial electrochemical cells to handle organic waste have been proposed as a solution pathway to energy decarbonization.
  • 2.5K
  • 07 Jun 2022
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