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Topic Review
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique considered to be safe, tolerable, and acceptable to use in adults.
  • 882
  • 24 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Chronic Urticaria
Urticaria is a condition characterized by the development of itchy wheals (hives). Chronic urticaria (CU) is a condition characterized by the development of itchy wheals (hives), angioedema, or both, with reoccurring symptoms for more than six weeks.
  • 881
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Uric Acid and Hypertension
The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension has been a subject of increasing interest since the 1870 discovery by Frederick Akbar Mahomed. Several epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between high SUA levels and the presence or the development of hypertension. Genetic analyses have found that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) genetic polymorphisms are associated with hypertension. However, genetic studies on urate transporters and Mendelian randomization studies failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between SUA and hypertension. Results from clinical trials on the role of urate-lowering therapy in the management of patients with hypertension are not uniform.
  • 880
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Hemodialysis
The success of hemodialysis (HD) treatments has been evaluated using objective measures of analytical parameters, or machine-measured parameters, despite having available validated instruments that assess patient perspective. Patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) collectively referred to as PROs (patient-related outcomes). Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) encompass the use of digital technology to provide answers to standardized PRO questionnaires.
  • 878
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fucosidosis
Fucosidosis is a neurodegenerative disorder which progresses inexorably. Clinical features include coarse facial features, growth retardation, recurrent upper respiratory infections, dysostosis multiplex, and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum.
  • 872
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Symptom with COVID-19 Infection
In this highly populated and comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study, we reported high PPE rates of anorexia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain. The PPE rates of diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain were significantly higher in non-Chinese studies compared to Chinese studies. We also observed a higher prevalence of GI symptoms for the Chinese studies than what was reported previously. Non-respiratory symptoms including those related to the GI tract should be more carefully evaluated and reported in future studies. 
  • 869
  • 21 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a specific type of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the major component of Group 4 pulmonary hypertension (PH). 
  • 869
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Newborn Screening for Diabetes Research
This study explores the use of newborn screening in diabetes research, considering the overlap between metabolic networks in diabetes and inborn errors of metabolism. It compares dried blood spots collected between 24-72 hours at birth (up to 5 days) and cord blood, collected at birth. Both samples yield and complement different kinds of information. Cord blood may reflect maternal and placental metabolism for some analytes while dried blood spots collected for newborn screening reflects neonatal metabolism in a catabolic state.
  • 863
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Electrospun Asymmetric Membranes
Asymmetric electrospun membranes are 3D matrices composed of two layers with different nanofiber-based structures, reproducing skin's extracellular matrix structure. The external denser layer is often composed of smaller-sized hydrophobic nanofibers, which allows the protection of the wound site against microorganisms invasion. On the other hand, the bottom layer presents a porous interconnected 3D network with hydrophilic nanofibers that promotes a moist environment, which supports cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. In this way, asymmetric electrospun membranes are able to mimic both epidermis and dermis layers of the skin, through the deposition of one layer on the top of an already produced layer.
  • 863
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Abusive Head Trauma
Abusive head trauma (AHT), commonly known as shaken baby syndrome (SBS), is an injury to a child's head caused by someone else. Symptoms may range from subtle to obvious. Symptoms may include vomiting or a baby that will not settle. Often there are no visible signs of trauma. Complications include seizures, visual impairment, cerebral palsy, and cognitive impairment. The cause may be blunt trauma or vigorous shaking. Often this occurs as a result of a caregiver becoming frustrated due to the child crying. Diagnosis can be difficult as symptoms may be nonspecific. A CT scan of the head is typically recommended if a concern is present. While retinal bleeding is common, it can also occur in other conditions. Abusive head trauma is a type of child abuse. Educating new parents appears to be beneficial in decreasing rates of the condition. Treatment occasionally requires surgery, such as to place a cerebral shunt. AHT is estimated to occur in 3 to 4 per 10,000 babies a year. It occurs most frequently in those less than five years of age. The risk of death is about 25%. The diagnosis may also carry legal consequences for the parents.
  • 863
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing
C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care test(-ing) (POCT) is one of the top strategies targeted at clinicians to reduce antibiotic prescribing, and it is increasingly being promoted to enhance antibiotic stewardship. CRP-POCT can guide antibiotic prescribing for (lower and upper) RTIs in primary care can reduce antibiotic prescribing at index consultations especially if cut-off guidance is provided.
  • 860
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Web-Based Orthopedic Personalized Predictive Tools
Web-based personalized predictive tools in orthopedic surgery are becoming more widely available. Despite rising numbers of these tools, many orthopedic surgeons may not know what tools are available, how these tools were developed, and how they can be utilized. The aim of this scoping review is to compile and synthesize the profile of existing web-based orthopedic tools. We conducted two separate PubMed searches—one a broad search and the second a more targeted one involving high impact journals—with the aim of comprehensively identifying all existing tools. These articles were then screened for functional tool URLs, methods regarding the tool’s creation, and general inputs and outputs required for the tool to function. We identified 57 articles, which yielded 31 unique web-based tools. These tools involved various orthopedic conditions (e.g., fractures, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal neoplasias); interventions (e.g., fracture fixation, total joint arthroplasty); outcomes (e.g., mortality, clinical outcomes).
  • 860
  • 20 Nov 2020
Topic Review
The Endocannabinoid System and Its Correlation with Neuropathologies
Abstract: The worldwide prevalence of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, such as depression or Alzheimer ’s disease, has spread extensively throughout the last decades, becoming an enormous health issue. Numerous data indicate a distinct correlation between the altered endocannabinoid signaling and different aspects of brain physiology, such as memory or neurogenesis. Moreover, the endocannabinoid system is widely regarded as a crucial factor in the development of neuropathologies. Targeting those disorders via synthetic cannabinoids, as well as phytocannabinoids, becomes a widespread research issue. Thus, this text provides a current state of knowledge of the correlation between the endocannabinoid and neuropathologies. We believe that this might contribute to finding a new preventive and therapeutic approach to both neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. 
  • 859
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Plasma-Based Cancer Treatments
Plasma medicine is a multidisciplinary field of research which is combining plasma physics and chemistry with biology and clinical medicine to launch a new cancer treatment modality. It mainly relies on utilizing low temperature plasmas in atmospheric pressure to generate and instill a cocktail of reactive species to selectively target malignant cells for inhibition the cell proliferation and tumor progression. Intracellular mechanisms of action and significant pathways behind the anticancer effects of plasma and selectivity toward cancer cells are comprehensively discussed. A thorough understanding of involved mechanisms helps investigators to explicate many disputes including optimal plasma parameters to control the reactive species combination and concentration, transferring plasma to the tumors located in deep, and determining the optimal dose of plasma for specific outcomes in clinical translation. As a novel strategy for cancer therapy in clinical trials, designing low temperature plasma sources which meet the technical requirements of medical devices still needs to improve in efficacy and safety.
  • 859
  • 24 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-driven inflammatory disease characterised by synovial inflammation, leading to progressive cartilage and bone destruction, impacting patients’ functional capacity and quality of life. Patients with RA have significant dierences in gut microbiota composition when compared to controls. Intestinal dysbiosis influences the intestinal barrier strength, integrity and function, and diet is considered the main environmental factor impacting gut microbiota. Over the last few years, researchers have focused on the influence of single components of the diet in the modulation of intestinal microbiota in RA rather than whole dietary patterns. Here, we focus on how the Mediterranean diet (MD), a whole dietary pattern, could possibly act as an adjuvant therapeutic approach, modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier function in order to improve RA-related outcomes. We also review the potential e ects of particular components of the MD, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols and fibre.
  • 857
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Gut-Liver Axis and Liver Disease
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in patients with chronic liver damage, inflammation and cirrhosis. The facilitators involved in increasing the HCC risk in the damaged liver are yet to be discovered. Diet and lifestyle have a profound effect on the liver inflammation and HCC. The term “gut liver axis” describes the bidirectional relationship between the liver and the gut, which are both anatomically and functionally related. Chronic liver damage is characterised by increased intestinal permeability that allows the translocation of various components and metabolites from the gut microbiota to the liver, resulting in liver inflammation and fibrosis. 
  • 855
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Inflammation Imaging
Inflammation Imaging means using imaging to provide insights into individual and temporospatial biology and grade of inflammation which can be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value.
  • 854
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Potential of Exerkines in Women’s COVID-19
Exerkines are a group of promising molecules that may underlie the beneficial effects of physical exercise in diseases. The idea of exerkines is to understand the effects of physical exercise on diseases better. Exerkines have a high potential for the treatment of diseases and, considering that, there is still no study of the importance of exerkines on the most dangerous disease in the world in recent years, COVID-19.
  • 850
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Tests for the Detection SARS-CoV-2
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began as a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China before spreading to over 200 countries and territories on six continents in less than six months. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts to limit the transmission of the virus, COVID-19 cases and deaths have continued to increase, leaving devastating impacts on the lives of many with far-reaching effects on the global society, economy and healthcare system. With over 43 million cases and 1.1 million deaths recorded worldwide, accurate and rapid diagnosis continues to be a cornerstone of pandemic control. 
  • 849
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Health Effects of Resorcylic Acid Lactones
Zearalenol and zearalenone are two resorcylic acid lactones known for their potent estrogenic effects. They are considered as toxic compounds from the mycotoxin category and are mainly produced by Fusarium fungi. Their estrogenic action made them either beneficial or toxic according to the physiological situation they are tested in. Here are reported the exposure recorded in humans as well as their blood levels. Then, beneficial and adverse effects observed in vivo essentially in animal models are analysed.
  • 848
  • 08 Feb 2023
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