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Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Activities and Selective Anticancer Activities of Lycopene
Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer.
  • 412
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Legume Consumption
Legumes are nutrient-dense crops with health-promoting benefits. However, several barriers are associated with their consumption. Emerging issues including food neophobic tendencies or taboos, unclear dietary guidelines on legume consumption, health concerns, and socio-economic reasons, as well as long cooking procedures, adversely affect legume consumption frequency. Pre-treatment methods, including soaking, sprouting, and pulse electric field technology, are effective in reducing the alpha-oligosaccharides and other anti-nutritional factors, eventually lowering cooking time for legumes.
  • 411
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hemp as a Functional Food in Vegetarian Nutrition
Many countries discriminate between recreational use (marijuana) and industrial and food use (hemp). The stalks of industrial hemp (low in psychotropic substances) have been used extensively for textile purposes while the seeds are nutritionally versatile. From hemp seeds, it is possible to obtain flours applicable in the bakery sector, oils rich in essential fatty acids, proteins with a high biological value and derivatives for fortification, supplementation and nutraceutical purposes. Hemp seed properties seem relevant for vegetarian diets, due to their high nutritional value and underestimated employment in the food sector. Hemp seed and their derivatives are a valuable source of protein, essential fatty acids and minerals that could provide additional benefit to vegetarian nutrition.
  • 411
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders
Despite their beneficial effects, the effects of vitamin supplementation on RA activity, if any, seem to be limited. Evidence on their efficacy on SpA or PsA activity is lacking. However, folic acid supplementation should be suggested to prevent methotrexate-related side effects, and vitamin D should be given to patients with vitamin D deficiency to prevent musculo-skeletal complications.
  • 410
  • 05 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition that is most often caused by a massive resection of the small intestine. Its prevalence is 3–4 per million and occurs in about 15% of adult patients undergoing an intestinal resection, either massive (3/4) or from multiple sequential resections (1/4). SBS and intestinal failure (IF) are not necessarily synonymous. Intestinal failure describes the state when an individual’s gastrointestinal function is inadequate to maintain his or her nutrient and hydration status without intravenous or enteral supplementation. 
  • 408
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Dietary Phytochemicals in Lung Carcinogenesis
Chemoprevention is becoming more and more important in lung cancer treatment, especially for dietary chemoprevention, has been paid more and more attention. Dietary phytochemicals mainly include medicinal plants, beverages, fruits, vegetables, spices, etc.
  • 404
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Glycemic Control Biomarkers
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide-spread chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin levels or when the body fails to effectively use the secreted pancreatic insulin, eventually resulting in hyperglycemia. According to the International Diabetes Federation, in 2021, 537 million adults were suffering from DM, resulting in 6.7 million deaths and a 966 billion dollars healthcare cost. Systematic glycemic control is the only procedure at the disposal to prevent diabetes long-term complications such as cardiovascular disorders, kidney diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The gold standard for glycemic control assessment in clinics is the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement,  but glycated albumin (GA) has recently gained more and more attention as a control biomarker thanks to its shorter lifespan and wider reliability compared to HbA1c. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) remain useful individual tools for diabetes self-management. 
  • 403
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Damage
The cardiovascular system is a well-known target of antineoplastic treatments, including anthracyclines, chest radiotherapy and new molecules, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Researchers investigated nutritional changes in children with cancer from the diagnosis to the end of treatment and dietary habits in cancer survivors. At diagnosis, children with cancer may present variable degrees of malnutrition, potentially affecting drug tolerability and prognosis. 
  • 390
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Endurance Sports
Strenuous exercise can be associated with “Exercise Induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome” (Ex-GIS), a clinical condition characterized by a series of gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances that may impact the physical and psychological performance of athletes. The pathophysiology comprises multi-factorial interactions between the GI tract and the circulatory, immune, enteric, and central nervous systems. 
  • 390
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Curcumin in Metal Induced Toxicity
Metal toxicity poses a potential global threat to the environment and living beings. Their numerous agricultural, medical, industrial, domestic, and technological applications result in widespread distribution in the environment which raises concern on the potential effects of metals in terms of health hazards and environmental pollution. Chelation therapy has been the preferred medical treatment for metal poisoning. The chelating agent bounds metal ions to form complex cyclic structures known as ‘chelates’ to intensify their excretion from the body. The main disadvantage of synthetic chelators is that the chelation process removes vital nutrients along with toxic metals. Natural compounds are widely available, economical, and have minimal adverse effects compared to classical chelators. Herbal preparations can bind to the metal, reduce its absorption in the intestines, and facilitate excretion from the body. 
  • 389
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Nutrition and Health-Related Problems in Super-Aging Societies
Many countries are facing the advent of super-aging societies, where sarcopenia and frailty will become pertinent problems. The prevalence of comorbidities is a major problem in countries with aged populations as elderly people suffer from various diseases, such as diabetes, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and dementia. All of these diseases are associated with sarcopenia and frailty, and they frequently cause falls, fractures, and a decline in activities of daily living. Fractures in the elderly people are associated with bone fragility, which is influenced by diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Nutritional support for chronic disease patients and sarcopenic individuals with adequate energy and protein intake, vitamin D supplementation, blood glucose level management for individuals with diabetes, obesity prevention, nutritional education for healthy individuals, and the enlightenment of society could be crucial to solve the health-related problems in super-aging societies.
  • 388
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Omega-3 Lipid Mediators in Chronic Liver Diseases
Omega-3s are found in three main forms, namely, α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18C:3 n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20C:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22C:6 n-3).
  • 388
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sarcopenia Screening Among Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Sarcopenia, characterized by an aging-related progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, is frequently encountered in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the best screening tools facilitating the rapid detection of sarcopenia among patients undergoing PD remain unknown.
  • 387
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Oral Mucositis in Secondary to Radiotherapeutic/Chemotherapeutic Treatments
Oral mucositis is one of the most disabling adverse events after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and clinical guidelines do not take into account nutritional interventions. The primary endpoint was to gather the evidence about the efficacy of nutritional interventions in the prevention and/or treatment of antineoplastic-induced oral mucositis in oncological patients.
  • 384
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Hypocholesterolemic Properties of Flaxseed
Flaxseed contains high amounts of biologically active components such as α-linolenic acid, lignans, and dietary fiber, and have the effect of lowering cholesterol. Due to its numerous nutritional properties, flaxseed has been classified as a “superfood”, that is, a food of natural origin with various bioactive components and many health-promoting benefits. Flaxseed consumption can be an important factor in the prevention of diseases, particularly related to nutrition. The regular consumption of flaxseed may help to improve lipid profile and lower blood pressure.
  • 384
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration Factors as Phytocheimcals Targets
Aging is a normal process in the life of any species. Still, some individuals experience early or premature aging and, thus, advanced age-associated diseases impacting the quality of their life, accompanied by enormous economic and social burdens. Therefore, it would be rational to mitigate aging processes, not only to support healthy aging but also to hamper age-associated diseases. During aging, different functional systems are affected interactively. These include the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, immune system, and the gut ecosystem. Additionally, the musculoskeletal system is prone to progressive weakening, causing movement problems that could intensify the aforementioned complications and increase the risk of all types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
  • 384
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Plant Toxic Proteins
Plants evolve to synthesize various natural metabolites to protect themselves against threats, such as insects, predators, microorganisms, and environmental conditions (such as temperature, pH, humidity, salt, and drought). Plant-derived toxic proteins are often secondary metabolites generated by plants. These proteins, including ribosome-inactivating proteins, lectins, protease inhibitors, α-amylase inhibitors, canatoxin-like proteins and ureases, arcelins, antimicrobial peptides, and pore-forming toxins, are found in different plant parts, such as the roots, tubers, stems, fruits, buds, and foliage.
  • 381
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Honey on Human Health
Honey is a nutritious, healthy, and natural food, to which antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties have been attributed, mainly due to its content of phenolic compounds. More beneficial effects of honey intake than no or negative effects on different cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, glucose tolerance, mucositis caused by chemo-radiotherapy, cough in children and wound healing, among others have been observed. Although the number of studies conducted to date is limited and the different investigations are not standardized, beneficial effects of honey intake have been observed, especially when its intake replaces the intake of other sweeteners. Therefore, honey could be a safe adjuvant to be administered to people aged more than 1 year old alongside drugs currently used for certain diseases. However, it should not be forgotten that honey is a high sugar food, and it should be consumed occasionally and with moderation. More studies are necessary to establish more specific recommendations on honey consumption.
  • 381
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance in Pregnancy
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM), classified as an inherited aminoaciduria, caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene, leading to a defective cationic amino acid transport. The metabolic adaptations to the demands of pregnancy and delivery cause significant physiological stress, so those patients affected by IEM are at greater risk of decompensation.
  • 379
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a unique form of non-immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy, restricted to the esophagus, characterized by esophageal eosinophil-predominant inflammation and dysfunction. The diagnosis requires an esophago-gastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsies demonstrating active eosinophilic inflammation with 15 or more eosinophils/high-power field, following the exclusion of alternative causes of eosinophilia. Food allergens trigger the disease, withdairy/milk, wheat/gluten, egg, soy/legumes, and seafood the most common. Therapeutic strategies comprise dietary restrictions, proton pump inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, biologic agents, and esophageal dilation when strictures are present. However, avoidance of trigger foods remains the only option targeting the cause, and not the effect, of the disease. Because EoE relapses when treatment is withdrawn, dietary therapy offers a long-term, drug-free alternative to patients who wish to remain off drugs and still be in remission. There are currently multiple dietary management strategies to choose from, each having its specific efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages that both clinicians and patients should acknowledge. In addition, dietary regimens should be tailored around each individual patient to increase the chance of tolerability and long-term adherence. In general, liquid elemental diets devoid of antigens and elimination diets restricting causative foods are valuable options. Designing diets on the basis of food allergy skin tests results is not reliable and should be avoided.
  • 378
  • 20 May 2021
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