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Topic Review
Nanofiltration Membranes Characteristics
The presence of heavy metal ions in polluted wastewater represents a serious threat to human health, making proper disposal extremely important. The utilization of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has emerged as one of the most effective methods of heavy metal ion removal from wastewater due to their efficient operation, adaptable design, and affordability. NF membranes created from advanced materials are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to depollute wastewater in a variety of circumstances.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cyanobacteria-Derived Biofuel for Sustainable Future
Cyanobacteria are valuable sources of many novel bioactive compounds, such as lipids and natural dyes, with potential commercial implications. One of the advantages of cyanobacteria is that their biochemical constituents can be modified by altering the source of nutrients and growth conditions.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Regulation Promoting the New Circular Economy
Over the past few decades, the production and consumption of clothing has increased exponentially, leading to a dramatic increase in the negative environmental consequences produced by the fashion industry. Given the rising pace of global warming and the rising concern about the fashion industry’s contribution to the climate crisis and its exploitative social dimensions, decision makers, politicians and government officials have begun to promote sustainable fashion through public policy. This article reviews the main barriers facing a circular economy in general and the fashion industry in particular. It considers nascent regulations emerging throughout the world in the field of sustainable fashion, applying circular economic principles to the fashion industry.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Sorption of Additives from Microplastics
Although the impacts of plastic pollution have long been recognized, the presence, pervasiveness, and ecotoxicological consequences of microplastic—i.e., plastic particles < 5 mm—contamination have only been explored over the last decade. Far less focus has been attributed to the role of these materials and, particularly, microplastics, as vectors for a multitude of chemicals, including those (un)intentionally added to plastic products, but also organic pollutants already present in the environment. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microwave/Ultrasound Based Sludge Treatment Methods
The amount of waste activated sludge (WAS) is increasing annually, and since it presents potential environmental and health-related risks, an appropriate treatment and stabilization process is needed. It has been shown in numerous studies in the past few decades that amongst the advanced treatment methods of sludge, microwave and ultrasound-based processes offer promising and effective alternatives. The main advantage of these physical methods is that they are energy-efficient, easy to implement and can be combined with other types of treatment procedures without major difficulties.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Processes Responsible for Nitrate Pollution in Water
Nitrate (NO3−) pollution of surface and groundwater bodies is a global problem of increasing concern, which has stimulated significant research interest. Nitrogen is crucial for life as a macronutrient for living organisms on Earth, but the global nitrogen cycle has been seriously altered by intensification of human activities, leading to eutrophication and hypoxic conditions of aquatic ecosystems. Due to nitrogen overfertilization, intensive agricultural practices generate huge nitrate fluxes that inadvertently deteriorate water quality. Different industrial processes also contribute to NO3− pollution in the environment. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Impact of Climate Change on Cholera
Water ecosystems can be rather sensitive to evolving or sudden changes in weather parameters. These changes can result in alterations in the natural habitat of pathogens, vectors, and human hosts, as well as in the transmission dynamics and geographic distribution of infectious agents. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Application of MCDA to Rural Spatial Sustainability Evaluation
The rational allocation of spatial resources is an important factor to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas, and effective pre-emptive spatial evaluation is the prerequisite for identifying the predicament of rural resource allocation. Multi-criteria decision-making analysis has advantages in solving multi-attribute and multi-objective decision-making problems, and has been used in sustainability evaluation research in various disciplines in recent years. 
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Source and Sink in Arable Land Ecosystems
As a subsystem of terrestrial ecosystems, the arable land ecosystem is most closely related to human beings because it not only provides food, fiber, fuel and other products, but also supports and maintains the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival. An arable land ecosystem can act as either a carbon source or a sink.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Energy Transitions Commission
The Energy Transition Commission (ETC) is an international think tank, focusing on economic growth and climate change mitigation. It was created in September 2015 and is based in London. The commission currently contains 32 commissioners from a selection of individuals and company and government leaders.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Parthenogenesis in Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha
Insects are renowned for their remarkable diversity of reproductive modes. Among these, the largest non-holometabolous order, Hemiptera, stands out with one of the most diversified arrays of parthenogenesis modes observed among insects. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Odors Abatement
Traditionally, odor abatement has been carried out using physical–chemical technologies such as chemical absorption (scrubbing) and adsorption. However, biological technologies for odor treatment such as biofilters or biotrickling filters have become more relevant in the last years for many reasons, such as their high odor removal performances and the low operational costs associated.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Distribution of eDNA in Different Environments
In nature, DNA is ubiquitous, existing not only inside but also outside of the cells of organisms. Intracellular DNA (iDNA) plays an essential role in different stages of biological growth, and it is defined as the carrier of genetic information. In addition, extracellular DNA (eDNA) is not enclosed in living cells, accounting for a large proportion of total DNA in the environment. Both the lysis-dependent and lysis-independent pathways are involved in eDNA release, and the released DNA has diverse environmental functions.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fertilizer-Cum-Pesticide Effect of the Toxic Weed Lantana
Lantana (L. camara), which is acknowledged as one among the 100 most invasive and colonizing of the world’s weeds, has become a major threat to agriculture and forest ecosystems. It has the ability to grow in widely varying environmental conditions, often forming large, impenetrable, thickets. This entry is to compare fertilizer-cum-pesticide effect of vermicomposts derived from cowdung and the toxic weed lantana. It has shown that vermicomposting transforms lantana into an organic fertilizer which is as benign and potent as vermicomposts  based on cowdung and other manures are.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sandwich Hybridization Assay for HABs Detection and Monitoring
As cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cHAB) events increase in scale, severity, frequency, and duration around the world, rapid and accurate monitoring and characterization tools have become critically essential for regulatory and management decision-making. The composition of cHAB-forming cyanobacteria community can change significantly over time and space and be altered by sample preservation and transportation, making in situ monitoring necessary to obtain real-time and localized information. Sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) utilizes capture oligonucleotide probes for sensitive detection of target-specific nucleic acid sequences. As an amplification-free molecular biology technology, SHA can be adapted for in-situ, real-time or near real-time detection and qualitatively or semi-quantitatively monitoring of cHAB-forming cyanobacteria, owing to its characteristics such as being rapid, portable, inexpensive, and amenable to automation, high sensitivity, specificity and robustness, and multiplexing (i.e., detecting multiple targets simultaneously). Despite its successful application in the monitoring of marine and freshwater phytoplankton, there is still room for improvement. The ability to identify a cHAB community rapidly would decrease delays in cyanotoxin analyses, reduce costs, and increase sample throughput, allowing for timely actions to improve environmental and human health and the understanding of short- and long-term bloom dynamics. Real-time detection and quantitation of HAB-forming cyanobacteria is essential for improving environmental and public health and reducing associated costs.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Potential for Recovery of Valuable Minerals
Remining can be defined as the use of mine waste, including solid and liquid waste, as the source material from which to extract metals or create other materials of economic value. The socioeconomic appeal of remining derives from its ability to increase domestic supply, create jobs, and improve environmental conditions in areas affected by existing and historic mining activity. Renewable energy metals from remined materials can be sourced from legacy and modern mine wastes for original target metals/minerals and for metals/minerals that were not originally targeted. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Threats to Aquatic Stage of Amphibian Life Cycle
The aquatic stage of biphasic amphibians typically represents a phase of rapid growth and development. For many amphibians the aquatic life cycle starts when females deposit gelatinous eggs in the water, which are externally fertilized by a male during amplexus. After a period of development, the embryos hatch and enter the larval stage.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Iodinated X-Ray Contrast Media in the Environment
Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) as emerging micropollutants have attracted considerable attention due to their high detected concentration in water systems. It results in environmental issues partly due to the formation of toxic by-products during the disinfection process in water treatment.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Dust-Associated Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
The occurrence of sand and dust storms (SDSs) is essential for the geochemical cycling of nutrients; however, it is considered a meteorological hazard common to arid regions because of the adverse impacts that SDSs brings with them. One common implication of SDSs is the transport and disposition of aerosols coated with anthropogenic contaminants. Studies have reported the presence of such contaminants in desert dust; however, similar findings related to ubiquitous emerging contaminants, such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been relatively scarce in the literature. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fukushima Accident: Perspectives on a Severe Accident Consequences
Scientific issues that draw international attention from the public and experts during the last 10 years after the Fukushima accident are discussed. An assessment of current severe accident analysis methodology, impact on the views of nuclear reactor safety, dispute on the safety of fishery products, discharge of radioactive water to the ocean, status of decommissioning, and needs for long-term monitoring of the environment are discussed.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2021
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