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Topic Review
Catalyst for Carbon Nanomaterials
Metal and metal oxide particles could be easily available in smaller amounts in almost all natural materials and could be used for CNTs synthesis. The growth of carbon nanomaterials employing natural materials as catalyst sources could be a significant solution towards lessening our current dependence on non-renewable and expensive catalyst sources for large-scale production.
  • 915
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Plant Extracts-Based Nanocarriers for anticancer therapy
Nanocarriers enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of drugs and facilitate their targeting effect. Taking the potential toxicity into consideration, the incorporation of natural “green” materials, derived from plants, in the nanocarriers fabrication, improve their safety and biocompatibility. These green components can be used as mechanical platforms, targeting ligands or can play be involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles. 
  • 910
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Exposure Effects Related to Nanomaterial Life Cycles
Nanoparticle-based biosensors are produced and utilized at different scales ranging from laboratory to industrial domains. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. When considering the potential environmental impact and health safety of the scaled-up production of nano biosensors, it is necessary to examine the manufacturing, utilization, and end-of-life disposal of the nanomaterials used. 
  • 907
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanoformulations Therapy for Ovarian Cancer
Treatment of ovarian cancer is challenging due to late stage diagnosis, acquired drug resistance mechanisms, and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Combination chemotherapy has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy by activation of multiple downstream pathways to overcome drug resistance and reducing required dosages. Sequence of delivery and the dosing schedule can further enhance treatment efficacy. Formulation of drug combinations into nanoparticles can further enhance treatment efficacy. Due to their versatility, polymer-based nanoparticles are an especially promising tool for clinical translation of combination therapies with tunable dosing schedules. 
  • 905
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Nanotechnology for Melanoma
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with few possibilities for therapeutic approaches, due to its multi-drug resistance and, consequently, low survival rate for patients. Conventional therapies for treatment melanoma include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which have various side effects. For this reason, in recent years, pharmaceutical and biomedical research has focused on new sito-specific alternative therapeutic strategies. In this regard, nanotechnology offers numerous benefits which could improve the life expectancy of melanoma patients with very low adverse effects.
  • 902
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Electrochemical Microsensors for Ascorbic Acid Determination
Micro-sized sensors have become a hot topic in electroanalysis. Because of their excellent analytical features, microelectrodes are well-accepted tools for clinical, pharmaceutical, food safety, and environmental applications. Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring water-soluble organic compound with antioxidant properties and its quantitative determination in biological fluids, foods, cosmetics, etc. using electrochemical microsensors is of wide interest. Various electrochemical techniques have been applied to detect ascorbic acid with extremely high sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and reliability, and apply to in vivo measurements.
  • 901
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
DNA-Based Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have become one of the building blocks for superior assembly and device fabrication due to the intrinsic, tunable physical properties of nanoparticles. With the development of DNA nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles are organized in a highly precise and controllable way under the mediation of DNA, achieving programmability and specificity unmatched by other ligands. The successful construction of abundant gold nanoparticle assembly structures has also given rise to the fabrication of a wide range of sensors, which has greatly contributed to the development of the sensing field. 
  • 900
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
PCSs
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising substitute for silicon-based solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiency and stability must be improved. The recombination probability of the photogenerated carriers at each interface in a PSC is much greater than that of the bulk phase. The interface of a perovskite polycrystalline film is considered to be a defect-rich area, which is the main factor limiting the efficiency of a PSC. 
  • 897
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cancer-Nano-Interaction
In the targeted therapy, nanoparticles (NPs) with specific properties, nanomedicine, are designed to specifically transport therapeutic agents to tumor sites and to release under controlled conditions. This strategy could potentially overcome the limitations of conventional methods and improve the cancer treatment outcomes by distinguishing malignant cells from non-malignant cells and selectively kill malignant cells. Bio-distribution, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and systemic clearance are the general challenges of using NPs in the targeted therapy. An effective NP-based drug delivery system should predict and control the fate of NPs in the biological environment. To develop and achieve a sound and efficient NPs-based system, we need to enhance our understanding of the nano-bio-interaction (NBI) happening between nanomaterials and a complex heterogeneous biological environment. At the cellular level, the NBI occurs at the interface of NPs surface and cell membrane. The interaction behavior of NPs is highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of NPs.
  • 895
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Electrospinning of Polymer Nanofibers
Polymeric nanofibers have emerged as a captivating medium for crafting structures with biomedical applications. Spinning methods have garnered substantial attention in the context of medical applications and neural tissue engineering, ultimately leading to the production of polymer fibers. In comparison with polymer microfibers, polymer nanofibers boasting nanometer-scale diameters offer significantly larger surface areas, facilitating enhanced surface functionalization.
  • 895
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Vertical Graphene Growth by PECVD
Vertical graphene, which belongs to nanomaterials, is a very promising tool for improving the useful properties of long-used and proven materials. Since the growth of vertical graphene is different on each base material and has specific deposition setting parameters, it is necessary to examine each base material separately.
  • 892
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Nanoimpact in Plants
Transcriptomics studies are available to evaluate the potential toxicity of nanomaterials in plants, and many highlight their effect on stress-responsive genes. However, a comparative analysis of overall expression changes suggests a low impact on the transcriptome. Environmental challenges like pathogens, saline, or drought stress induce stronger transcriptional responses than nanoparticles. Clearly, plants did not have the chance to evolve specific gene regulation in response to novel nanomaterials; but they use common regulatory circuits with other stress responses. 
  • 891
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Catalysts for Removal of Soot
Soot formation is an inevitable consequence of the combustion of carbonaceous fuels in environments rich in reducing agents. Efficient management of pollution in various contexts, such as industrial fires, vehicle engines, and similar applications, relies heavily on the subsequent oxidation of soot particles. Among the oxidizing agents employed for this purpose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen dioxide have all demonstrated effectiveness. 
  • 891
  • 12 Nov 2023
Topic Review
FAuNPs on Bacterial Colonization
This work reports the design and development of a green synthesis route for flavonoid-AuNPs (FAuNPs) which were successfully tested in vitro and in vivo against bacterial colonization. 
  • 890
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Nanotechnology Used for Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer, and its treatment, as well as diagnosis, is challenging, owing to mutations in the tumor-suppressor genes and lack of targeted, efficient, cost-effective therapy, exhibiting a significant need for novel approaches to address these concerns. For this purpose, nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine with versatile potential capabilities for both the diagnosis, as well as the treatment, of retinoblastoma via the targeted and controlled delivery of anticancer drugs via binding to the overexpressed retinoblastoma gene. Nanotechnology has also generated massive advancements in the treatment of retinoblastoma based on the use of surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanocarriers.
  • 888
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Capture Using Porous Silica Materials
As the primary greenhouse gas, CO2 emission has noticeably increased over the past decades resulting in global warming and climate change. Surprisingly, anthropogenic activities have increased atmospheric CO2 by 50% in less than 200 years, causing more frequent and severe rainfall, snowstorms, flash floods, droughts, heat waves, and rising sea levels in recent times. Hence, reducing the excess CO2 in the atmosphere is imperative to keep the global average temperature rise below 2 °C.
  • 887
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Different Facets of Triclocarban
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, it was discovered that the substitution on aromatic rings of hydrogen atoms with chlorine yielded a novel chemistry of antimicrobials. However, within a few years, many of these compounds and formulations showed adverse effects, including human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and unwanted environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, quickly leading to regulatory bans and phase-outs. Among these, the triclocarban, a polychlorinated aromatic antimicrobial agent, was employed as a major ingredient of toys, clothing, food packaging materials, food industry floors, medical supplies, and especially of personal care products, such as soaps, toothpaste, and shampoo. Triclocarban has been widely used for over 50 years, but only recently some concerns were raised about its endocrine disruptive properties. In September 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned its use in over-the-counter hand and body washes because of its toxicity. The withdrawal of triclocarban has prompted the efforts to search for new antimicrobial compounds and several analogues of triclocarban have also been studied. In this review, an examination of different facets of triclocarban and its analogues will be analyzed.
  • 885
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nanoparticle (NP)-Based Delivery Systems
Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems can be designed to take advantage of the aberrant vasculature, or an acidic or hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), to induce the release of therapeutic drugs directly in the TME, reducing off-target side effects. In the last twenty years, the discovery of novel biomaterials has dramatically impacted on the field of nanobiotechnology, such as, for example, the addition of novel stimuli-responsive polymers, which can be used to develop advanced nanostructures with the ability to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of many drugs used in oncology.
  • 883
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Inorganic Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Inorganics are generally used in tissue engineering as nanomaterials (nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension), since materials in nanoscale can efficiently support biological responses. In particular, they can interact with the biomolecules onto the cell surface and be taken up into the cytoplasm. 
  • 883
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Commonly Used Nanofluids in Oil Recovery Technology
Nanofluid-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is an innovative approach to enhancing oil production in oilfields. It entails the dispersion of nanoparticles within a fluid, strategically utilizing the distinctive properties of these nanoparticles (NPs) to engage with reservoir rocks or crude oil, resulting in a significant enhancement of the oil recovery rate.
  • 882
  • 11 Dec 2023
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