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Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in Poultry
Salmonellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases globally including in Bangladesh. Every year millions of people, animals, and poultry are affected by salmonella infection. Salmonellosis is frequently associated with high mortality rates that are closely 90%, resulting in significant economic losses.
  • 724
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Ketosis Diagnosis/Monitoring in Dairy Cows
Ketosis is a major issue in high-producing cows, easily reaching a prevalence of 20% during early postpartum when the negative energy balance is well established.
  • 722
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mitigation Strategies for Heat Stress on Dairy Buffalo
Increases in temperature and the greater incidence of extreme events are the consequences of the climate change that is taking place on planet Earth. High temperatures create severe discomfort to animal farms as they are unable to efficiently dissipate their body heat, and for this, they implement mechanisms to reduce the production of endogenous heat (reducing feed intake and production). In tropical and subtropical countries, where buffalo breeding is more widespread, there are strong negative consequences of heat stress (HS) on the production and quality of milk, reproduction, and health. The increase in ambient temperature is also affecting temperate countries in which buffalo farms are starting to highlight problems due to HS. 
  • 722
  • 19 Apr 2023
Biography
James Mapes
James Jay Mapes (May 29, 1806 – January 10, 1866) was an American chemist, inventor and educator, mostly known for his achievements in scientific agriculture.[1] Mapes was born in New York on May 29, 1806. His father, Jonas Mapes, was a major-general in command of the New York state forces in and around New York in the year 1812. Nearly all his ancestors on the father's side were farmers on
  • 722
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Multistrain Probiotics in Livestock Production
Multistrain probiotics comprise two or more species or strains of important microorganisms as a consortium beneficial to the administered animal. Several studies are being carried out to explore their potency or efficiency. They have proven to be a promising alternative to antibiotics growth promoters and were responsible for enhancing gut health, growth performance, maintaining a balance in gut microbiota, stimulating immunity against pathogenic organisms, improving digestion, and overall production efficiency in ruminants, poultry, and swine production.
  • 721
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Abiotic Stress
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important turfgrass and gramineous forage widely grown in temperate regions around the world. However, its perennial nature leads to the inevitable exposure of perennial ryegrass to various environmental stresses on a seasonal basis and from year to year. Like other plants, perennial ryegrass has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to make appropriate adjustments in growth and development in order to adapt to the stress environment at both the physiological and molecular levels. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to abiotic stresses is crucial for obtaining superior stress-tolerant varieties through molecular breeding.
  • 721
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ensiling Complete Rations for Ruminants
Complete or total mixed rations (TMR) are produced by mixing forages, byproducts, concentrates, minerals, vitamins, and additives. From this mix, animals consume the nutrients necessary to meet the requirements of maintenance and production. Alternatively to daily preparation, TMR can be ensiled Several benefits have been associated with TMR silages, such as a reduced requirement for labor and machinery (if TMR silage is purchased), uniform composition during storage under farm conditions, the potential for incorporating unpalatable byproducts (if their flavors and odors are altered by fermentation), and high aerobic stability after feed out. Additionally, TMR silages, similar to other silages, have the potential for commercialization, especially if stored in smaller structures (e.g., bales, bags, and pouches). In the industry, TMR ingredients are usually mixed in stationary mixer wagons and stored in big bags (e.g., 300 to 400 kg) or baled by agricultural compactors (e.g., 800 to 1,000 kg). When TMR silage is produced on-farm, it may be stored in different silo types. In small herds, however, structures such as ag-bags, pouches, drums, and bales are preferred over bunkers or piles, to reduce the risk of aerobic deterioration during feed out. 
  • 718
  • 09 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Behavior Monitoring of Crustacean Aquaculture
Automatic behavior monitoring, also called automated analytics or automated reporting, is the ability of an analytics platform to auto-detect relevant insights—anomalies, trends, patterns—and deliver them to users in real time, without users having to manually explore their data to find the answers they need. An analytics platform with automated behavior monitoring uses algorithms to auto-analyze datasets to search for notable changes in data. 
  • 717
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Plant Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
Plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait maintaining female fertility but producing abortive pollen. CMS is widespread among plants and widely used to produce hybrids with significant heterosis. CMS is usually associated with chimeric open reading frames (ORF) caused by mitochondrial genome reorganization.
  • 716
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Antibiotics and Their Impact on Bacterial Cellular Perturbation
Antibiotics belong to different classes of chemicals—including those of biological, synthetic, or semi-synthetic origin—and have selective modes of action. Based on their mechanisms of action, antimicrobial compounds are classified into two groups: bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Resistance is a natural adaptive tool that offers selection pressure to bacteria, and hence cannot be stopped entirely but rather be slowed down. Antibiotic resistance mutations mostly diminish bacterial reproductive fitness in an environment without antibiotics; however, a fraction of resistant populations ‘accidentally’ emerge as the fittest and thrive in a specific environmental condition, thus favouring the origin of a successful resistant clone.
  • 715
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Protein Quality Control System
As a collection of pathways that regulates proteins’ life cycles including their synthesis, folding, assembly, degradation and reversal, the protein quality control system mainly consists of the ERS, ALS and UPS. It plays an important role in maintaining normal cell metabolism and avoiding protein dysfunction, especially in the physiological and pathological processes of AD.
  • 714
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Dogs
Canine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. They refer to complex and debilitating conditions of dogs’ gastrointestinal tract. Although little evidence for causal inferences is currently available, it is believed that IBD pathophysiology entails intricate interactions between environmental factors, the intestinal immune system, and the microbial communities that colonize the gut. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, leveraging factors associated with the development of these diseases is imperative. Of these factors, emerging evidence supports the role of dietary patterns as key players influencing the composition and function of gut microbes, with subsequent effects on health and disease.
  • 714
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Machine Vision Techniques in Agriculture
Introducing machine vision-based automation to the agricultural sector is essential to meet the food demand of a rapidly growing population. Furthermore, extensive labor and time are required in agriculture; hence, agriculture automation is a major concern and an emerging subject. Machine vision-based automation can improve productivity and quality by reducing errors and adding flexibility to the work process. Primarily, machine vision technology has been used to develop crop production systems by detecting stresses and diseases more efficiently.
  • 714
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome
The poult enteritis complex (PEC) is common in turkeys and characterized by depression, enteritis, diarrhea, low feed conversion ratio and poor weight gain. It is a general term denoting all infectious intestinal diseases of young poults with uncertain etiology. The PEC is caused by a group of multifactorial infectious and non-infectious agents with significant effect on turkeys less than six weeks old.
  • 712
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Green Food Development in China
China feeds approximately 22% of the global population with only 7% of the global arable land because of its surprising success in intensive agriculture. This outstanding achievement is partially overshadowed by agriculture-related large-scale environmental pollution across the nation. To ensure nutrition security and environmental sustainability, China proposed the Green Food Strategy in the 1990s and set up a specialized management agency, the China Green Food Development Center, with a monitoring network for policy and standard creation, brand authorization, and product inspection.
  • 711
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Fe-S Synthesis in Algae Mitochondria
Iron and sulfur are two essential elements for all organisms. These elements form the Fe-S clusters that are present as cofactors in numerous proteins and protein complexes related to key processes in cells, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and participate in numerous enzymatic reactions.
  • 710
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Alexander's Kusimanse
Alexander's Kusimanse (Crossarchus alexandri) is a captivating and lesser-known member of the mongoose family, native to the tropical forests of West Africa. Recognized for its distinctive appearance and intriguing social behaviors, this small carnivore plays a significant role in the ecosystems it inhabits.
  • 710
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Red Fox
The Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a highly adaptable mammal belonging to the Canidae family, widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. Renowned for its stunning reddish-orange fur and bushy tail, the Red Fox is a proficient predator, preying on small mammals, birds, and even insects. Its remarkable ability to thrive in various habitats, from forests to urban areas, has cemented its status as one of the most successful carnivores worldwide.
  • 710
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Trace Minerals Functions in Ruminant Animals
Trace minerals play an important role in animal health and productivity. They are involved also in many physiological activities, and their deficiency causes a variety of pathological problems and metabolic defects, reducing consequently the animal productivity.
  • 708
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Japanese Badger
The Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma), native to Japan, is a fascinating and elusive mustelid species that holds a distinctive place in the country's diverse wildlife. Recognized for its unique physical characteristics and behavior, this badger species is a nocturnal and solitary creature with a keen sense of smell, contributing to its foraging prowess in a variety of habitats. The Japanese Badger's role in Japanese folklore and its interactions with the ecosystem make it a subject of interest for both researchers and enthusiasts exploring the rich fauna of Japan.
  • 706
  • 04 Feb 2024
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