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Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Vulnerable Populations
The confinement caused by the pandemic has been especially hard for young people belonging to certain vulnerable populations and it has had a greater impact on previously existing pathologies and on those that have appeared because of this period. There was an increase in the diagnosis of mood disorders and the use of medication associated with these disorders, mainly during the period of reclusion that was declared worldwide in March 2020. In addition, risk factors such as loneliness, a lack of resilience, and a lack of adequate coping strategies negatively impacted these groups. 
  • 828
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Whole School Restorative Approaches for Positive Youth Development
Positive youth development highlights the promotion of skills through engaging and caring settings and building opportunities for bidirectional and constructive relationships. Whole School Restorative Approaches (WSRA) promote school community relationships and social and emotional skills which are core components for positive youth development. 
  • 827
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and increased life expectancy, approaching that of the general population. However, people living with HIV have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases despite long-term viral suppression using ART. HIV-associated cardiovascular complications encompass a broad spectrum of diseases that involve the myocardium, pericardium, coronary arteries, valves, and systemic and pulmonary vasculature. Traditional risk stratification tools do not accurately predict cardiovascular risk in this population. Multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of various HIV-related cardiovascular complications. 
  • 827
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip.
Tripleurospermum, a prominent genus within the family Asteraceae, is recognized for its therapeutic potential in treating various ailments, including skin, digestive, and respiratory diseases; cancer; muscular pain; and stress and as a sedative. Through extensive phytochemical studies regarding the Tripleurospermum species, numerous chemical compounds have been identified and classified into distinct classes, predominantly encompassing terpenes, hydrocarbons, steroids, hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alcohols, acids, melatonin, and fragrant compounds.
  • 827
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
IT-Driven Patient Agility and Digital Transformation
Modern hospitals are on the brink of a monumental change. They are currently exploring their options to digitally transform their clinical procedures and overall patient engagement. This work thoroughly investigates how hospital departments in the Netherlands can simultaneously leverage their strategic exploration of new IT resources and practices and exploit their current IT practices, i.e., IT ambidexterity, to drive digital transformation.
  • 826
  • 26 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Pediatric Oncology Palliative Care Programs in Central America
Palliative care offers children who have life-limiting and life-threatening oncologic illnesses and their families improved quality of life. In some instances, impeccable symptom control can lead to improved survival. Cultural and financial barriers to palliative care in oncology patients occur in all countries, and those located in Central America are no exception. In this article, we summarize how the programs participating in the Asociación de Hemato-Oncólogos Pediatras de Centro America (AHOPCA) have developed dedicated oncology palliative care programs. The experience in Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic and Haiti is detailed, with a focus on history, the barriers that have impeded progress, and achievements. Future directions, which, of course, may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, are described as well.
  • 823
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Sulfur Metabolism of the Gut Microbiome/Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer diagnosed in individuals under 50 years old is called early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), and its incidence has been rising worldwide. Simultaneously occurring with increasing obesity, this worrisome trend is partly explained by the strong influence of dietary elements, particularly fatty, meaty, and sugary food. An animal-based diet, the so-called Western diet, causes a shift in dominant microbiota and their metabolic activity, which may disrupt the homeostasis of hydrogen sulfide concentration. Bacterial sulfur metabolism is recognized as a critical mechanism of EOCRC pathogenesis.
  • 823
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Human Monkeypox Management and Strategies
Monkeypox, a viral zoonosis caused by an Orthopoxvirus, is clinically characterized by fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, rash and burdened by some complications that can be severe and life threatening. Monkeypox, endemic in some central and west African countries, in tropical areas near equator, rose to the headlines following its outbreak in non-endemic countries of Europe and the USA. Thus, the World Health Organization, worried about the growing dimension of the problem, declared monkeypox a global public health emergency.
  • 822
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Palatal Rugae Pattern after Orthodontic Treatment
Palatal rugae are the irregular connective tissue also known as “plicae palatinae. These are anatomical folds located posterior to the incisive papilla in the palatal anterior third. These folds, which form as early as 3 months in utero, are largely attributed to the hardened connective tissue that covers the bone. Their orientation and pattern are formed in the fourth month of intrauterine life. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that they are stable and show post-mortem resistance until oral mucosal degeneration after death . Their anatomical location on the internal aspect of the oral cavity protects them from different environmental factors including rising temperature, palatal infections, trauma, and tooth exfoliation and eruption. They are considered suitable landmarks for forensic identification.
  • 821
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS)
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a unique neuro-ophthalmic phenomenon that has been observed in astronauts who have undergone long-duration spaceflight. The syndrome is characterized by distinct imaging and clinical findings including optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shift, posterior globe flattening, and choroidal folds. SANS serves a large barrier to planetary spaceflight such as a mission to Mars and has been noted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a high risk based on its likelihood to occur and its severity to human health and mission performance. While it is a large barrier to future spaceflight, the underlying etiology of SANS is not well understood. However, several well-developed hypotheses have been proposed and countermeasures have been developed.
  • 821
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Preparedness Strategies for Changing Climate in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia’s evolving climate narrative offers a microcosm of the broader challenges facing our global ecosystem. While nations around the world grapple with their unique climate challenges, the Kingdom’s experiences—including its policy shifts, infrastructural innovations, and societal adaptations—provide both a cautionary tale and a roadmap. In particular, its endeavors to retrofit cities, preserve water resources, and promote climate-conscious policies present actionable insights for nations at various junctures of their environmental journeys.
  • 821
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Response-Related Ferroptosis Regulators in Bladder Cancer
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation, has been reported to regulate tumorigenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and the immune response. However, the potential roles of ferroptosis regulators in the progression of bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unknown. We systematically evaluated the multidimensional alteration landscape of ferroptosis regulators in BLCA and checked if their expression correlated with the ferroptosis index. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression, a seven ferroptosis regulator signature was constructed. We validated the prognostic and predictive accuracy of this signature in five independent datasets and established a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) and risk of death of BLCA patients. Moreover, the risk score was associated with tumor progression and antitumor immunity-related pathways. Furthermore, the relative antitumor immune cell infiltration level was negatively correlated with the risk score, and the tumor mutation burden was higher in the low-risk group, which might be useful for predicting immunotherapy efficacy. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) database and IMvigor210 cohort with immunotherapy efficacy results were used to confirm the prediction function of the risk score. Furthermore, the ferroptosis regulator signature could also reflect the chemotherapy sensitivity of BLCA. Ferroptosis might play a role in precision individualized chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This entry highlights the crucial clinical implications of ferroptosis and will help with developing personalized therapeutic strategies for BLCA patients
  • 819
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Impact of Premenstrual Syndrome on Quality of Life
Most women who menstruate experience various physical, psychological, and behavioral changes during the period between ovulation and menstruation. 
  • 819
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents with restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, and/or deficits in communication and social interactions, which typically manifest within the first three years of life. Individuals with ASD frequently have comorbidities and they are at greater risk of experiencing co-occurring gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
  • 818
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome
The recommend daily duration of sleep for adults is 7–8 hours. Sleeping <7 hours could be detrimental for overall well-being, health, and performance. Literature shows some associations between metabolic syndrome and sleep duration.
  • 817
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms and Stress in Chronic Pain
Anxiety, depressive symptoms and stress have a significant influence on chronic musculoskeletal pain. Behavioral modification techniques have proven to be effective to manage these variables; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for an alternative to face-to-face treatment.
  • 816
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Drosophila with Super-Resolution Microscopy
In recent decades, fluorescent microscopy has become the most popular tool of cell and developmental biologists, since fluorescent labeling offers high molecular specificity, and due to its low invasiveness, it has become the leading method to study living cells, tissues or organisms. In the early days, only widefield applications were available, but with later technological advances, every aspect of microscopy was improved tremendously, resulting in the development of specialized microscopes, such as optical sectioning confocal microscopes, spinning disk confocal microscopes, light sheets, TIRF and multi-photon microscopic tools. Despite the remarkable progress, all these techniques remained limited by the wavelength of light at around 200-250 nm. A turning point came when scientists found ways to get around this obstacle and developed several nanoscopic methods that are able to increase the resolution up to 2-10 nm, allowing the study and understanding of the cellular structures at the molecular level by broadly applicable microscopic approaches.
  • 815
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
BHLHE41/DEC2 in Non-Small Lung Cancer Development
The circadian rhythm-related genes BHLHE40/DEC1 and BHLHE41/DEC2 have various functions under different cell and tissue conditions. BHLHE41/DEC2 has been reported to be both a cancer-suppressive and an oncogenic gene during cancer development. The effects of BHLHE41/DEC2 on differentiation have been examined using Bhlhe41/Dec2 knockout mice and/or in vitro differentiation models, and research has been conducted using genetic analysis of tumor cells, in vitro analysis of cancer cell lines, and immunohistochemical studies of the clinical samples.
  • 815
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Program ROSE (Removing Obstacles to Cervical Screening)
Program ROSE (removing obstacles to cervical screening) is a primary HPV-based cervical screening program that incorporates self-sampling and digital technology, ensuring that women are linked to care. It was developed based on the principles of design thinking in the context of Malaysia. The program illustrates the importance of collaborative partnerships and addressing the multi-faceted barriers from policy changes, and infrastructure readiness to the implementation of a radically new cervical screening program in communities. The paradigm shift in cervical cancer requires a monumental and concerted effort in educating both the healthcare providers and the general public. 
  • 812
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Occupational Hearing Loss for Platinum Miners
This case study illustrates how research can be effectively, although not maliciously, obstructed by the strict protection of employee medical data. Clearly communicated company policies should be developed for the sharing of workers’ records in the mining industry to improve HCPs. 
  • 811
  • 21 Dec 2021
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