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Topic Review
Sustainability, Digital Technologies and the Circular Economy
The textile and clothing (T&C) industry is not usually viewed as an exemplar of sustainable development and the circular economy (CE), as the industry has hitherto developed its products in a linear fashion, with relatively little recycling of the finished goods. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Automation in Interior Space Planning
In interior space planning, the furnishing stage usually entails manual iterative processes, including meeting design objectives, incorporating professional input, and optimizing design performance. Machine learning has the potential to automate and improve interior design processes while maintaining creativity and quality.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Quantization Methods of  Defense against Membership Inference Attacks
Machine learning deployment on edge devices has faced challenges such as computational costs and privacy issues. Membership inference attack (MIA) refers to the attack where the adversary aims to infer whether a data sample belongs to the training set. In other words, user data privacy might be compromised by MIA from a well-trained model. Therefore, it is vital to have defense mechanisms in place to protect training data, especially in privacy-sensitive applications such as healthcare. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Surrogate-Based Optimisation
Surrogate-based optimisation (SBO) algorithms are a powerful technique that combine machine learning and optimisation to solve expensive optimisation problems. This type of problem appears when dealing with computationally expensive simulators or algorithms. By approximating the expensive part of the optimisation problem with a surrogate, the number of expensive function evaluations can be reduced.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Self-Healing in Cyber–Physical Systems Using Machine Learning
The rapid advancement of networking, computing, sensing, and control systems has introduced a wide range of cyber threats, including those from new devices deployed during the development of scenarios. With advancements in automobiles, medical devices, smart industrial systems, and other technologies, system failures resulting from external attacks or internal process malfunctions are increasingly common. Restoring the system’s stable state requires autonomous intervention through the self-healing process to maintain service quality.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Railway Track Fault Detection
Railway track faults may lead to railway accidents and cause human and financial loss. Spatial, temporal, and weather elements, and wear and tear, lead to ballast, loose nuts, misalignment, and cracks leading to accidents. Manual inspection of such defects is time-consuming and prone to errors. Automatic inspection provides a fast, reliable, and unbiased solution. However, highly accurate fault detection is challenging due to the lack of public datasets, noisy data, inefficient models, etc. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Deep Neural Networks
The fundamental principles and structures of deep learning (DL) are examined herein. The specific roles and functions of the diverse layers that make up deep networks are discussed, and the importance of evaluation metrics, which serve as crucial tools for gauging the effectiveness of these models, are emphasized. Commonly used architectures in medical image segmentation are also introduced.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Approach for Overlapped Segmentation of Bacterial Cell Images
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have been extensively performed to image and study bacterial cells with high-resolution images. Bacterial image segmentation in SEM images is an essential task to distinguish an object of interest and its specific region.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Classification of Sleep Stages Using Telemetry Polysomnography
Accurate sleep stage detection is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders and tailoring treatment plans. Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the gold standard for sleep assessment as it captures diverse physiological signals. Recent advancements have shown that simpler machine learning models, when coupled with sophisticated feature extraction techniques, can yield accurate and reliable results comparable to those achieved by complex deep learning methods. These simpler models not only reduce the computational burden but also offer greater interpretability, a feature that is highly valued in clinical settings for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. Therefore, integrating simpler machine learning algorithms with advanced feature extraction can serve as an effective and efficient approach for sleep stage classification in research and clinical applications.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Corpus Statistics Empowered Document Classification
In natural language processing (NLP), document classification is an important task that relies on the proper thematic representation of the documents. Gaussian mixture-based clustering is widespread for capturing rich thematic semantics but ignores emphasizing potential terms in the corpus. Moreover, the soft clustering approach causes long-tail noise by putting every word into every cluster, which affects the natural thematic representation of documents and their proper classification. It is more challenging to capture semantic insights when dealing with short-length documents where word co-occurrence information is limited.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Obfuscated Memory Malware Detection
Obfuscated Memory Malware (OMM) presents significant threats to interconnected systems, including smart city applications, for its ability to evade detection through concealment tactics. Existing OMM detection methods primarily focus on binary detection. 
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Dynamic Fault Tree analysis method
The Entry briefly introduces the Dynamic Fault Tree analysis method proposed by P. Gao et al on the 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC).
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Challenges
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in recent years. During analyses of the challenges of AI, numerous problems have been reported, some of which are security, safety, fairness, energy consumption, and ethics, to mention a few. The widespread usage of AI leads to arising new challenges.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection in Aerial Images
Objects in aerial images often have arbitrary orientations and variable shapes and sizes. As a result, accurate and robust object detection in aerial images is a challenging problem. 
  • 1.0K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Navigation of UAVs
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have advanced greatly in recent years. There are many ways in which drones can be used, including transportation, photography, climate monitoring, and disaster relief. The reason for this is their high level of efficiency and safety in all operations. While the design of drones strives for perfection, it is not yet flawless. When it comes to detecting and preventing collisions, drones still face many challenges. In this context, this research describes a methodology for developing a drone system that operates autonomously without the need for human intervention. This research applies reinforcement learning algorithms to train a drone to avoid obstacles autonomously in discrete and continuous action spaces based solely on image data. The research compare three different reinforcement learning strategies—namely, Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC)—that can assist in avoiding obstacles, both stationary and moving The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive assessment of the advantages, limitations, and future research directions of obstacle detection and avoidance for drones, using different reinforcement learning techniques. The findings could have practical implications for the development of safer and more efficient drones in the future.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Predictive Maintenance of Ball Bearing Systems
In the era of Industry 4.0 and beyond, ball bearings remain an important part of industrial systems. The failure of ball bearings can lead to plant downtime, inefficient operations, and significant maintenance expenses.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
DeepSORT
DeepSORT is an intelligent tracking technology that can continuously track multiple objects in complex scenarios, such as crowded areas or environments with occlusions. By integrating the appearance features and motion patterns of the targets, it is widely applied in fields like security surveillance, autonomous driving, and sports analysis, significantly enhancing the stability and accuracy of tracking.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Mar 2025
Topic Review
A Robust Vehicle Detection Model for LiDAR Sensor
Vehicle detection in parking areas provides the spatial and temporal utilisation of parking spaces. Parking observations are typically performed manually, limiting the temporal resolution due to the high labour cost. 
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Carbonate Reservoirs Permeability Prediction
Permeability is a crucial property that can be used to indicate whether a material can hold fluids or not. Predicting the permeability of carbonate reservoirs is always a challenging and expensive task while using traditional techniques. Traditional methods often demand a significant amount of time, resources, and manpower, which are sometimes beyond the limitations of under developing countries.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Automatic Detection of Cardiovascular Disorders
The main cause of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which claims more than 17 million lives each year. CVD disease creates other pathological issues with the heart, heart valves, or blood vessels.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Jan 2023
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