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Topic Review
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Dogs
Canine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. They refer to complex and debilitating conditions of dogs’ gastrointestinal tract. Although little evidence for causal inferences is currently available, it is believed that IBD pathophysiology entails intricate interactions between environmental factors, the intestinal immune system, and the microbial communities that colonize the gut. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, leveraging factors associated with the development of these diseases is imperative. Of these factors, emerging evidence supports the role of dietary patterns as key players influencing the composition and function of gut microbes, with subsequent effects on health and disease.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Quantify Heat Stress Response in Farm Animals
Non-invasive methods of detecting heat stress magnitude for livestock is gaining momentum in the context of global climate change. The concept of a non-invasive approach to assess heat stress primarily looks into behavioral and physiological responses which can be monitored without any human interference or additional stress on the animal. Bioclimatic thermal indices can be considered as the least invasive approach to assess and/or predict the level of heat stress in livestock. Assessing these responses can prove beneficial to quantifying heat stress and thereby enforcing suitable amelioration and mitigation strategies. There are a number of approaches to quantify heat stress, which in the current scenario with increasing animal welfare concern, can be considered as invasive and non-invasive approaches.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Human Uses of Mammals
Human uses of mammals include both practical uses, such as for food, sport, and transport, and symbolic uses, such as in art and mythology. Mammals have played a crucial role in creating and sustaining human culture. Domestication of mammals was instrumental in the Neolithic development of agriculture and of civilisation, causing farming to replace hunting and gathering around the world, and cities to replace scattered communities. Mammals provide dairy products and much of the meat eaten by the human population, whether farmed or hunted. They also yielded leather and wool for clothing and equipment. Until the arrival of mechanised transport, domesticated mammals provided a large part of the power used for work and transport. They serve as models in biological research, such as in genetics, and in drug testing. Mammals are the most popular of pets, with tens of millions of dogs, cats and other animals including rabbits and mice kept by families around the world. Mammals such as horses and deer are among the earliest subjects of art, being found in the Upper Paleolithic cave paintings such as at Lascaux. Major artists such as Albrecht Dürer, George Stubbs and Edwin Landseer are known for their portraits of animals. Animals further play a wide variety of roles in literature, film, mythology, and religion. A major way that people relate to mammals (and some other animals) is by anthropomorphising them, ascribing human emotions and goals to them. This has been deprecated when it occurs in science, though more recently zoologists have taken a more lenient view of it.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Organic Production in the European Union's Laws
Organic farming is not a new way of producing food. Its development dates back to the early twentieth century in German- and English-speaking countries. This trend was a form of criticism of the industrial revolution prevailing at the time. The principles of organic production are universal and their application is not limited to certified farms. Organic certification is intended to assure the consumer of the quality and method of production. 
  • 1.5K
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Aflatoxin in Chinese Commodities
Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites that represent serious threats to human and animal health. They are mainly produced by strains of the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus, which are abundantly distributed across agricultural commodities. 
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Epigenetics for Forest Trees
Epigenetics refers to a scientific domain studying all the processes affecting the expression of genes and/or the activity of transposable elements (TEs) without altering the DNA sequence that may be heritable by mitosis (during development) and/or meiosis (across generations). Forest trees are sessile, perennial, and modular organisms with complex life cycles that are often challenged by environmental variations such as actual climate changes during their long-lifespan. Surviving tree populations can respond to these environmental changes through complex and interacting mechanisms and notably using epigenetics. 
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Mountain Weasel
The Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica), a sleek and agile carnivore, inhabits the high-altitude regions of Asia, showcasing remarkable adaptations to life in mountainous terrains. Known for its elusive nature and diverse range of habitats, the Mountain Weasel plays a vital role in alpine ecosystems, preying on small mammals and contributing to the delicate balance of these high-altitude environments.
  • 1.5K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Application of Campylobacter jejuni Phages
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen found in abundance, e.g., in raw poultry. C. jejuni is part of the avian gut microbiome, causing no harm to birds. When birds are slaughtered, the bacterium is released from the intestines and contaminates the meat. Cross-contaminated foods processed in parallel to the meat cause diarrhea in humans and in rare cases may cause post-infectious complications like arthritis and paralysis of peripheral nerves. Illnesses caused by C. jejuni have been on the rise in both developed and developing countries. At the same time, C. jejuni has acquired resistance to important antibiotics, which further complicates therapeutic approaches. To decrease the Campylobacter load on chicken carcasses, chemical or thermal treatment can be used. However, this may change the taste or affect the appearance of chicken meat. 
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Reproductive Management of Farm Animals
Reproductive efficiency of farm animals has central consequences on productivity and profitability of livestock farming systems. Optimal reproductive management is based on applying different strategies, including biological, hormonal, nutritional strategies, as well as reproductive disease control.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Strategy in Uganda
Uganda is making strides and progress with regard to developing and implementing a functional AMR surveillance strategy for human health. Although numerous challenges still exist, following the laboratory health system strengthening approach, the readily addressable issues are with the health infrastructure, its integration, capacity building and operation. Antibiotic resistance and its mechanisms have now been in existance for over decades, and its drivers in both clinical, human, agriculture-veterinary go beyond the community and clinical aspects. Its noteworthy that the emergency of resistance is a natural phenomenon in the environment but kin to climate change. If left unchecked, this has great potential of undoing all medical and agricultural advancements of the entire previous century. Implementation of country driven program based surveillance that embraces a One Health Approach is the ideal approach to understanding and solving this one  health challenge that seems to be wicked in solve at the face mankind.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Prevalence of E. coli in Goats
Goat meat is the main source of animal protein in developing countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. Goat meat consumption has also increased in the US in the recent years due to the growing ethnic population. The digestive tract of goat is a natural habitat for Escherichia coli organisms. While researchers have long focused on postharvest intervention strategies to control E. coli outbreaks, recent works have also included preharvest methodologies. In goats, these include minimizing animal stress, manipulating diet a few weeks prior to processing, feeding diets high in tannins, controlling feed deprivation times while preparing for processing, and spray washing goats prior to slaughter.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
‘Cow Signs’ in Assessing the Quality of Nutrition
Cow signs are behavioral, physiological, and management parameters that can be observed and measured. Cow signs can be used as a field approach to evaluate the composition of the ration, the quality of rumen fermentation, the quality of digestion, and the general herd health of cattle of interest. This research of cow signs associated with nutrition provides farm advisors, consultants, nutritionists, practitioners, and dairy farmers with an additional toolkit that can be used to improve the assessment of the quality of dairy cattle nutrition. ‘Cow signs’ are not to be used alone as a sole tool for assessment of the quality or nutrition of dairy cows. Some of the ‘cow signs’ are incorporated in precision technologies on many dairy farms and are extensively used in the assessment of dairy cow welfare, health, and nutrition. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Early Discoveries and Understanding of Vitamin E
Vitamin E, consisting of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, with α-tocopherol as the most biologically active form, has a significant history in scientific research. It was first identified in the 1920s for its role in preventing neonatal mortality in rats. Over time, its chemical structure was elucidated, and its importance in the immune system, skin health, anti-inflammatory properties, and hormonal balance was revealed.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Green Food Development in China
China feeds approximately 22% of the global population with only 7% of the global arable land because of its surprising success in intensive agriculture. This outstanding achievement is partially overshadowed by agriculture-related large-scale environmental pollution across the nation. To ensure nutrition security and environmental sustainability, China proposed the Green Food Strategy in the 1990s and set up a specialized management agency, the China Green Food Development Center, with a monitoring network for policy and standard creation, brand authorization, and product inspection.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Animal Personality
Animal personality can be defined as behavioral and physiological differences between individuals of the same species, which are stable in time and across different contexts.
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sweet Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.)
Rowan is a fairly common fruit crop in different countries of the world. The orange or reddish fruits of Sorbus aucuparia L. are small (diameter 6–9 mm) and they have been traditionally used as diuretic, laxative, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective agents, against rheumatism and kidney diseases as well as for the treatment of various gastrointestinal and respiratory tract-related disorders.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Jungle Cat
The Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) is a medium-sized wild cat species native to South and Southeast Asia, as well as parts of the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent. Characterized by its sandy or grayish-brown fur, distinct black-tipped ears, and elongated body, the Jungle Cat thrives in a variety of habitats including grasslands, wetlands, and agricultural areas. As an adept hunter and opportunistic feeder, it preys on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, playing a vital role in maintaining ecological balance within its range.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed
In the European Union (EU), the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) is in place to provide information on risks in the food chain. The largest number of notifications in this system concerns plants, followed by products of animal origin and other products.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cougar
The Cougar (Puma concolor), also known as the mountain lion, puma, or panther, is a large felid native to the Americas. Renowned for its elusive nature and wide distribution across diverse habitats, including forests, mountains, and deserts, the Cougar is one of the most adaptable and widespread carnivores in the Western Hemisphere. As a formidable apex predator, it plays a crucial role in regulating prey populations and maintaining ecosystem balance throughout its range.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Geoffroy's Cat
Geoffroy's Cat (Leopardus geoffroyi) is a small wild cat species native to South America, ranging from southern Bolivia and Brazil to central Argentina. Recognized for its distinctive coat pattern, characterized by spots and stripes, Geoffroy's Cat inhabits various habitats, including grasslands, scrublands, and forests. Despite its relatively small size, this elusive feline is an adept hunter, preying on a variety of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Mar 2024
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