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Topic Review
Alveolus Lung-on-a-Chip Platform
Lung-on-a-chip platforms have emerged as a potential candidate to replace animal experiments because they can successfully simulate human physiology.
  • 768
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Gait Analysis in Neurorehabilitation
Gait analysis can be performed through laboratory systems, non-wearable sensors (NWS), and/or wearable sensors (WS). Using these tools, physiotherapists and neurologists have more objective measures of motion function and can plan tailored and specific gait and balance training early to achieve better outcomes and improve patients’ quality of life. 
  • 768
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bimanual Movements and Chronic Stroke Rehabilitation
Bimanual movement coordination has a long history and sound theoretical basis as an effective treatment to relearn dysfunctional motor actions caused by a stroke. Typical dysfunctional motor actions on the affected side of the body include weakness or partial paralysis. Planning and executing bimanual movements with an emphasis on simultaneously activating both limbs as a coordinative structure frequently facilitates progress toward motor recovery.
  • 764
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors
Nanomaterial-Based aptasensors are used in rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria.
  • 758
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mathematical Background of 5D model of the aorta
Visualization is crucial for the display and understanding of medical image data. For diagnostic and surgical planning, radiologists and surgeons must be able to evaluate the data appropriately. Many imaging systems’ data can incorporate both functional and structural information, resulting in 4D datasets. When the image contains spectral information, it can be extended to 5D in some circumstances. Overall, 5D imaging reveals more information than 4D imaging.
  • 758
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Bioengineering Liver Organoids
Organoids as three-dimension (3D) cellular organizations partially mimic the physiological functions and micro-architecture of native tissues and organs, holding great potential for clinical applications. Advances in the identification of essential factors including physical cues and biochemical signals for controlling organoid development have contributed to the success of growing liver organoids from liver tissue and stem/progenitor cells. However, to recapitulate the physiological properties and the architecture of a native liver, one has to generate liver organoids that contain all the major liver cell types in correct proportions and relative 3D locations as found in a native liver.
  • 758
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Magnesium Modified β-Tricalcium Phosphate
Researchers already improved the properties of β-TCP by achieving optimum surface and bulk β-TCP chemical/physical properties through the hydrothermal addition of magnesium (Mg) and to later establish the biocompatibility of β-TCP/Mg for bone grafting and tissue engineering treatments. The present results indicate that the hydrothermal addition of 1.4 wt% MgO to the particle surface of β- TCP particle significantly increased cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and resulted in more new bone regeneration from histologic and micro-CT evaluation in vivo compared to the β-TCP control particles; altogether, Mg was advantageous to commercial β-TCP bone regeneration.
  • 758
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Vascular Repair by Grafting Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted much attention in the past few decades because of their unique magnetic responsiveness. Especially in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, they are mostly involved in non-invasive ways and have achieved good results. The magnetic responsiveness of MNPs is strictly controlled by the size, crystallinity, uniformity, and surface properties of the synthesized particles. 
  • 756
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Microwave Imaging/Sensing Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection
Medical imaging techniques, including X-ray mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, play a crucial role in the timely identification and monitoring of breast cancer. However, these conventional imaging modalities have their limitations, and there is a need for a more accurate and sensitive alternative. Microwave imaging has emerged as a promising technique for breast cancer detection due to its non-ionizing, non-invasive, and cost-effective nature.
  • 756
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Personalized Wearable Biomedical Devices
Wearable devices have emerged as promising tools for personalized health monitoring, utilizing machine learning to distill meaningful insights from the expansive datasets they capture. Within the bio-electrical category, these devices employ biosignal data, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), electromyograms (EMGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), etc., to monitor and assess health. 
  • 755
  • 16 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Lab-on-a-Chip Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection
Foodborne pathogens are an important diagnostic target for the food, beverage, and health care industries due to their prevalence and the adverse effects they can cause to public health, food safety, and the economy. The standards that determine whether a given type of food is fit for consumption are set by governments and must be taken into account when designing a new diagnostic tool such as a biosensor platform. In order to meet these stringent detection limits, cost, and reliability standards, recent research has been focused on developing lab-on-a-chip-based approaches for detection devices that use microfluidic channels and platforms. The microfluidics-based devices are designed, developed, and used in different ways to achieve the established common standards for food pathogen testing that enable high throughput, rapid detection, low sample volume, and minimal pretreatment procedures. Combining microfluidic approaches with electrochemical biosensing could offer affordable, portable, and easy to use devices for food pathogen diagnostics.
  • 755
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications
The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure.
  • 754
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Layer on Titanium Alloys
Over the last decade, researchers have been concerned with improving metallic biomaterials with proper and suitable properties for the human body. Ti-based alloys are widely used in the medical field for their good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The TiMoZrTa system (TMZT) evidenced adequate mechanical properties, was closer to the human bone, and had a good biocompatibility. In order to highlight the osseointegration of the implants, a layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited using a biomimetic method, which simulates the natural growth of the bone. The coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro indentation tests and contact angle. The data obtained show that the layer deposited on TiMoZrTa (TMZT) support is hydroxyapatite.
  • 749
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Traumatic Brain Injury Detection
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can produce temporary biochemical imbalance due to leaks through cell membranes or disruption of the axoplasmic flow due to the misalignment of intracellular neurofilaments. If untreated, TBI can lead to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or total disability. Mild TBI (mTBI) accounts for about about 90 percent of all TBI cases. The detection of TBI as soon as it happens is crucial for successful treatment management. Neuroimaging-based tests provide only a structural and functional mapping of the brain with poor temporal resolution. Such tests may not detect mTBI. On the other hand, the electroencephalogram (EEG) provides good spatial resolution and excellent temporal resolution of the brain activities beside its portability and low cost.
  • 748
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Organ-on-Chip
Organ-on-chip (OOC) devices are in vitro miniaturized multicellular systems with defined architectures that represent the new frontier in biomedical research to produce micro-organoids and tissues for drug testing and regenerative medicine. Although OOC devices can potentially improve the prediction capability of preclinical studies in comparison to in vitro tests and animal models, the successful transition from conventional 2D cell culture to human OOC implies the development of microfluidically supported 3D architectures to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), to induce cell-ECM and multicellular interactions, as well as to modulate many cell functions including polarity, morphology, and motility. In this regard, cell-laden microgels (CLMs) represent a promising tool for 3D cell culturing and on-chip generation of micro-organs. 
  • 744
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cell Therapies for Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is the traumatic, surgical or degenerative loss of a substantial portion of bulk skeletal muscle in a manner that overwhelms the endogenous repair capacity of the muscle and results in impaired scar tissue formation. Cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising approach to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and/or disease. Stem cell populations, such as muscle stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have shown a promising capacity for muscle differentiation. Support cells, such as endothelial cells, nerve cells or immune cells, play a pivotal role in providing paracrine signaling cues for myogenesis, along with modulating the processes of inflammation, angiogenesis and innervation. 
  • 742
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Genitourinary Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering is an emerging field of research that initially aimed to produce 3D tissues to bypass the lack of adequate tissues for the repair or replacement of deficient organs. 
  • 741
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing in Orthopedics
Biomaterial implants are utilized to fix fractures or replace parts of the body. For the majority of these implant cases, either metal or polymer biomaterials are chosen in order to have a similar functional capacity to the original bone material. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing technique that creates 3D objects by adding material layer by layer. The use of biodegradable polymers, additive manufacturing, and advanced 3D printing technologies offers promising solutions for improving biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and customization in the development of implants and tissue engineering constructs.
  • 738
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Characteristics of Contemporary Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses
The goals of hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) are restoring joint anatomy, biomechanics, and function while prolonging the life of a patient with endoprosthesis by preserving bone stock for easy further possible revision arthroplasty in the form of traditional total hip arthroplasty. Over decades of its history, the designs of HRA endoprostheses have undergone a variety of technological innovations in terms of evolution in materials and fixation techniques, which often resulted in promising outcomes and the extension of implant survival. 
  • 738
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Laser-Activated Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets
Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are emerging phase-change contrast agents that showed promising potential in ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging. Unlike monophase gaseous microbubbles, PFCnDs shift their state from liquid to gas via optical activation and can provide high US/PA contrast on demand. Depending on the choice of perfluorocarbon core, the vaporization and condensation dynamics of the PFCnDs are controllable.
  • 735
  • 03 Nov 2021
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