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Topic Review
Ultra-Processed Food Availability
UPF are described as “processed ingredients typically combined with the sophisticated use of additives to make them edible, palatable and habit forming”.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Edible Plant Sprouts
The consumption of plant sprouts as part of human day-to-day diets is gradually increasing, and their health benefit is attracting interest across multiple disciplines. The purpose of this review was to (a) critically evaluate the phytochemicals in selected sprouts (alfalfa, buckwheat, broccoli, and red cabbage), (b) describe the health benefits of sprouts, (c) assess the recent advances in sprout production, (d) rigorously evaluate their safety, and (e) suggest directions that merit special consideration for further novel research on sprouts. Young shoots are characterized by high levels of health-benefiting phytochemicals. Their utility as functional ingredients has been extensively described. Tremendous advances in the production and safety of sprouts have been made over the recent past and numerous reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing their nutritional and medicinal properties. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
SeNPs as Anticancer Agents
It is well known that long-term intake of selenium in excess amounts can have adverse physiological effects on humans. Long-term intake of selenium in excess amounts leads to rapid development of severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, followed by acute respiratory failure, myocardial infarction, and renal failure, and may increase the risk of cancer. The Food and Nutrition Board set a tolerable upper Se intake level (UL) for adults at 400 μg/day. Toxicity testing is an important concern in the improvement in selenium-containing anticancer drugs. Various forms of selenium could serve as pro-oxidant toxic agents and promote DNA strand disruption and necrosis of cancer cells. Among the many types of nanoparticles, SeNPs have selective anticancer activity on cancer cells and low toxicity to normal cells. They exhibit low toxicity, better bioavailability and higher activity as compared to organic and inorganic selenium compounds. In the peritoneal cavity, the clearance rate of SeNPs was slower than in plasma, so they may activate an enhanced drug concentration near the cancer-related peritoneal cavity. Therefore, by maintaining a low total drug level, the use of active doses in the cancer model was expected to be less cause of suspected adverse reactions.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pulse Intake Improves Nutrient Density
Pulses, as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N., encompass a narrower class of legumes harvested as a dry grain that includes dry beans, peas, chickpeas and lentils. Other legumes that are harvested while they are still green, contain significant levels of oil (e.g., soybeans and peanuts), or are garden vegetable varieties such as green peas and green beans are not considered pulses. There are hundreds of varieties of pulses grown around the world; however, the most commonly consumed pulses in the U.S. are dry beans (e.g., pinto, black and kidney beans), chickpeas, lentils and dry peas.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Phosphorus
Phosphorus is one of the essential elements of the human body and is required for a diverse range of processes, such as ATP synthesis, signal transduction, and bone mineralization. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main source of dietary phosphorus. Reduced bioavailability of Pi or excessive losses in the urine causes rickets and osteomalacia. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Protein Energy Wasting and CKD
Multi-factors, such as anorexia, activation of renin-angiotensin system, inflammation, and metabolic acidosis, contribute to malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Most of these factors, contributing to the progression of malnutrition, worsen as CKD progresses. Protein restriction, used as a treatment for CKD, can reduce the risk of CKD progression, but may worsen the sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by a progressive and systemic loss of muscle mass and strength. The concomitant rate of sarcopenia is higher in CKD patients than in the general population. Sarcopenia is also associated with mortality risk in CKD patients. Thus, it is important to determine whether protein restriction should be continued or loosened in CKD patients with sarcopenia.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Recommendations for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Novel findings have identified post-COVID-19 syndrome, which is characterized by malnutrition, loss of fat-free mass, and low-grade inflammation. In addition, the recovery might be complicated by persistent functional impairment (i.e., fatigue and muscle weakness, dysphagia, appetite loss, and taste/smell alterations) as well as psychological distress. Therefore, the appropriate evaluation of nutritional status (assessment of dietary intake, anthropometrics, and body composition) is one of the pillars in the management of these patients. 
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Telehealth Nutrition Care During COVID-19
Widespread transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a global COVID-19 pandemic that is straining medical resources worldwide. In the United States (US), hospitals and clinics are challenged to accommodate surging patient populations and care needs while preventing further infection spread. Under such conditions, meeting with patients via telehealth technology is a practical way to help maintain meaningful contact while mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The application of telehealth to nutrition care can, in turn, contribute to better outcomes and lower burdens on healthcare resources. To identify trends in telehealth nutrition care before and during the pandemic, we emailed a 20-question, qualitative structured survey to approximately 200 registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) from hospitals and clinics that have participated in the Malnutrition Quality Improvement Initiative (MQii). RDN respondents reported increased use of telehealth-based care for nutritionally at-risk patients during the pandemic. They suggested that use of such telehealth nutrition programs supported positive patient outcomes, and some of their sites planned to continue the telehealth-based nutrition visits in post-pandemic care. Nutrition care by telehealth technology has the potential to improve care provided by practicing RDNs, such as by reducing no-show rates and increasing retention as well as improving health outcomes for patients. We therefore call on healthcare professionals and legislative leaders to implement policy and funding changes that will support improved access to nutrition care via telehealth.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Brain
Inadequate energy production from mitochondria in neurons can lead to suboptimal signal transmission within the brain and other peripheral organs involved in energy homeostasis.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Nov 2020
Topic Review
The Health Effects Effects of Colorful Bioactive Pigments
Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) is a leading modifiable dietary risk factor for mortality and contributes to the increasing burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Despite the unequivocal health benefits of eating FV, 78% of adults worldwide do not consume the daily recommended servings, leading to a ‘phytonutrient gap’. Naturally occurring and pigmented phytonutrients (herein referred to as bioactive pigments) give FV their vibrant colors and correspond to one or more phytonutrient categories; e.g., red corresponds to lycopene, yellow to alpha-carotene, orange to beta-carotene, green to chlorophyll, purple and blue to anthocyanins, and white to flavones.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women
Isoflavones have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for menopausal symptoms for people who cannot or are unwilling to take hormone replacement therapy. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Micronutrient Deficiency
Micronutrient deficiencies are relatively common, in particular iron and cobalamin deficiency, and may potentially lead to life-threatening clinical consequences when not promptly recognized and treated, especially in elderly patients.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mediterranean Diet on Sleep
The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based, antioxidant-rich, unsaturated fat dietary pattern that has been consistently associated with lower rates of noncommunicable diseases and total mortality, so that it is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Recent studies have demonstrated that another health parameter favorably influenced by the Mediterranean diet is sleep, which is an essential component of life. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Key Nutrients for Mental Health in Diabetes
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals suffering from either of these conditions frequently experience comorbidity with the other. Nutrition plays an important role in both diabetes and mental health disorders including depression and anxiety. Deficiencies in specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, zinc, chromium, magnesium, and selenium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and mental disorders.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Docosahexaenoic Acid
A major dietary omega-3 polyunsatruated fatty acid, 22:6(n-3)
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Dietary Supplements on Inflammatory Markers and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
A key characteristic of severe presentations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection involves overactive host inflammatory responses, with a substantial proportion of severe outcomes such as hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 linked to hyper-inflammation. Inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the progression of infectious diseases including COVID-19. Evidence suggests that high sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are among the most important biomarkers of COVID-19 severity, similar to the chronic conditions involved in vascular aging. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hsCRP are also biomarkers of respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, it is well established that elevated levels of other inflammatory markers are common in COVID-19 patients. These markers include IL-1β, IL-7, IL-8, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, procalcitonin (PCT), serum ferritin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Dietary Salt Restriction and MDP for Cardiometabolic Health
The dietary restriction of salt intake and the adhesion to Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) are among the most recommended lifestyle modifications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A large amount of evidence supports these recommendations. Likewise, findings from observational and clinical studies suggest a causal role of excess salt intake in blood pressure increase, cardiovascular organ damage, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, it is also conceivable that the beneficial effects of these two dietary patterns overlap because Mediterranean dietary patterns are typically characterized by a large consumption of plant-based foods with low sodium content. However, there is little data on this issue, and heterogeneous results are available on the relationship between adherence to salt restriction and to Mediterranean dietary patterns.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota and Obesity
Obesity is one of the most prevalent human health problems. Research from the last decades has clarified the role of the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, unhealthy lifestyle, and genetic variability in the development of obesity. The composition and metabolic functions of gut microbiota have been proposed as being able to affect obesity development.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Characterization of Food-Grade Systems
The use of food-grade polymers for colon targeting allows the development of systems for the controlled delivery of active and health-beneficial compounds (nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics, etc.) to the ileo-colon section tract against GIT diseases (IBD, IBS, colon cancer, dysbiosis and other conditions), with a high safety profile. In fact, food-grade polymers are approved for use in the food industry and are safe for human consumption.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Phosphate Homeostasis
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient that is critically important in the control of cell and tissue function and body homeostasis. Phosphorus excess may result in severe adverse medical consequences.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Mar 2021
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