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Topic Review
Physiological Effects of Covid-19 and Exercise
The world has been severely challenged by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak since the early 2020s. Worldwide, there have been more than 66 million cases of infection and over 3,880,450 million deaths caused by this highly contagious disease. All sections of the population including those who are affected, who are not affected and those who have recovered from this disease are suffering physiologically. Physiological effects of COVID-19 may be managed by exercise management as a prevention strategy. Moderate exercise including walking, yoga, and tai-chi to name but a few exercise regimes are critical in preventing COVID-19 and its complications.  
  • 990
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Older Adults with Cancer and COVID-19
Older adults with cancer are amongst the most vulnerable population to be negatively impacted by COVID-19 due to their likelihood of comorbidities and compromised immune status. Considering the longevity of the pandemic, understanding the subjective perceptions and psychosocial concerns of this population may help ameliorate the psychological aftermath.
  • 989
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Adipokines in Obesity
Obesity is a disease which leads to the development of many other disorders. Excessive accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue (AT) leads to metabolic changes, including hypertrophy of adipocytes, macrophage migration, changes in the composition of immune cells, and impaired secretion of adipokines. Adipokines are cytokines produced by AT and greatly influence human health.
  • 989
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Malnutrition/Sarcopenia in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients
In the current aging society of Japan, malnutrition and resultant sarcopenia have been widely identified as important symptomatic indicators of ill health and can cause impairments of longevity and quality of life in older individuals. Elderly individuals are recommended to have sufficient calorie and protein intake so as to enjoy a satisfactory quality of life, including maintaining activities of daily living in order to avoid emaciation and sarcopenia. The prevalence of emaciation and sarcopenia in elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients in Japan is higher than in non-HD elderly subjects due to the presence of malnutrition and sarcopenia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, comorbidities, such as diabetes and osteoporosis, induce malnutrition and sarcopenia in HD patients. 
  • 987
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Anorexia Nervosa, Body Representation and Virtual Reality Applications
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) patients exhibit distorted body representation related to perceptual and cognitive-emotional issues. Experimental paradigms are needed to manipulate the spatial content of these representations. Virtual Reality (VR) technology that implements full-body experiences may prove useful in clinical application.
  • 987
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Aeroterrestrial and Extremophilic Microalgae as Sources in Cosmetics
Microscopic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae (microalgae), which can be effectively grown in mass cultures, are gaining increasing interest in cosmetics. Up to now, the main attention was on aquatic algae, while species from aeroterrestrial and extreme environments remained underestimated. In these habitats, algae accumulate high amounts of some chemical substances or develop specific compounds, which cause them to thrive in inimical conditions. Among such biologically active molecules is a large family of lipids, which are significant constituents in living organisms and valuable ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Therefore, natural sources of lipids are increasingly in demand in the modern cosmetic industry and its innovative technologies. Among novelties in skin care products is the use of lipid nanoparticles as carriers of dermatologically active ingredients, which enhance their penetration and release in the skin strata. 
  • 986
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
PD-L1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 5–10%. The immune checkpoint blockade represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been effective in a variety of solid tumors. 
  • 986
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Brain Immunoinformatics
Breakthrough advances in informatics of the last decade have thoroughly influenced the field of immunology. In particular, the immunoinformatics of the central neural system is referred to as neuroimmunoinformatics (NII). This interdisciplinary overview on NII is addressed to bioscientists and computer scientists. We delineate the dominating trajectories and field-shaping achievements and elaborate on future directions using a bridging language and terminology. Computation, varying from linear modeling to complex deep learning approaches, fuels neuroimmunology through three core directions. Firstly, by providing big-data analysis software for high-throughput methods such as next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies. Secondly, by designing models for the prediction of protein morphology, functions, and protein-protein interactions. Finally, NII boosts the output of quantitative pathology by enabling the automatization of tedious processes such as cell counting, tracing, and arbor analysis. Deep sequencing classifies microglia in “sensotypes” to accurately describe the versatility of immune responses to physiological and pathological challenges, as well as to experimental conditions such as xenografting and organoids. NII opts to individualize treatment strategies, personalize disease prognosis and treatment response.   
  • 982
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota Interaction-Derived Metabolites and NAFLD
Gut microbiota-derived components and metabolites play pivotal roles in shaping intrahepatic immunity during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). With the advance of techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), each subtype of immune cells in the liver has been studied to explore their roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In addition, new molecules involved in gut microbiota-mediated effects on NAFLD are found.
  • 982
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention of Pediatric OCD
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive, repeated and persistent thoughts, desires or images, with subsequent repetitive behaviors or thinking patterns that the individual performs in an attempt to decrease the anxiety or distress or simply according to rigid rules (i.e. compulsions).As a distinctive subtype of OCD, pediatric-onset OCD affects around 2% to 4% of children and adolescents. Considering that children and adolescents are in a critical stage of physical and cognitive development, the onset of OCD during this period may lead to additional developmental disruptions.There is an urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment for OCD, especially the strategies targeting the childhood age group. 
  • 981
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Improving Clinical Outcomes by Maintaining Vitamin D Sufficiency
Treatment of vitamin D deficiency costs less than 0.01% of one-day hospitalization. Despite cost-benefits, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains high worldwide. This was vivid among those who died from COVID-19—most had vitamin D deficiency. Yet, the lack of direction to use vitamin D as an adjunct therapy from health agencies was astonishing. Data confirmed that keeping an individual’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (and above 40 ng/mL in the population) reduces risks from community outbreaks and autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such concentrations in 97.5% of people is achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5,000 and 8,000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase catabolism of vitamin D and a few specific disorders require much higher intake. The text evaluates the doses and administration of vitamin D necessary for better clinical outcomes regarding disease prevention and treatment. 
  • 980
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
PBUTs Therapeutics in AKI and CKD
Uremic toxins are defined as harmful metabolites that accumulate in the human body of patients whose renal function declines, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Growing evidence demonstrates the deteriorating effect of uremic toxins on CKD progression and CKD-related complications, and removing uremic toxins in CKD has become the conventional treatment in the clinic.
  • 977
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Exercise Mitigates Pathological Liver Changes
Exercise attenuates pathological changes in the liver induced by high-fat diets. The underlying mechanisms might be related to Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and mediated by SIRT1/AMPK signaling. 
  • 976
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Aging and Quality of Life
The aging of the world’s population and the health problems accompanying it are becoming increasingly severe. Healthcare policies in developed countries focus on how to prevent and treat diseases associated with aging and how to maintain quality of life. Typical age-related diseases include deafness, cataracts, osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and dementia. Although the mechanisms by which these diseases develop differ, they are all caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time.
  • 976
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Parent–Child Interactions in Deafness Children
Despite early identification and advancements in cochlear implant and hearing aid technology, delays in language skills in deaf children continue to exist. Good-quality parent–child interaction (PCI) is a key predictor for the successful development of deaf children’s signed and/or spoken language. As good-quality PCI is widely acknowledged to be significant for child language development in deaf children, then we must have the necessary tools to assess it. This review answers three questions: Which parent behaviours are assessed in PCI? How are they assessed? And which parent interaction behaviours are positively correlated with deaf children's language skills?
  • 969
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Colorectal Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Colonoscopy procedure has been the key screening method to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). As a fatal disease, CRC needs early detection. The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused screening tests (mainly colonoscopy) to be halted and delayed. At the same time, the use of other screening tests like fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) increased.  
  • 964
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Melatonin for Endometriosis
Melatonin may offer an excellent opportunity to restore normal physiological function of the affected tissues. By alleviating oxidative damage in the placenta, melatonin favors nutrient transfer and improves vascular dynamics at the uterine–placental interface.
  • 963
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy
Diabetic foot (DF) is a long-term diabetes complication that can increase morbidity and mortality in addition to affecting mobility and the overall well-being of patients. In particular, the DF has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis that makes it difficult to prevent and treat. In this sense, it is well known that the prevention and treatment of DF disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Physical activity has always been considered a potential pillar in the prevention of DFD. More recently, it has been reported, that physical activity can contribute in the wound healing phase. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear and definitive evidence on the role that protocols of physical activity can play in the treatment of patients at risk or with DFD. In order to pursue this objective, it is important to standardize exercise training protocols for the prevention or treatment of these patients. Moreover, it is now possible to organize innovative methods of conducting, monitoring and analysing physical activity performed by patients, even remotely.
  • 962
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. Migratory birds are carriers of various types of pathogens including multidrug  Escherichia coli. However, their roles in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens are still being neglected in Bangladesh. MDR E. coli carried by many of these migratory birds could also be positive for APEC-associated virulence genes, which can seriously contribute to the development of human and animal diseases. 
  • 962
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Drone Applications Fighting COVID-19
The non-military use of drones is becoming more widespread, which the media is now increasingly reporting. Drone applications fighting Covid-19 can be divided into different types of groups: surveillance of an area with a visual camera, detection of fever-infected people with a thermal camera, communication with an on-board installed loudspeaker or QR code flag and three different logistic tasks such as transportation of essentials, health products and disinfectants.   
  • 961
  • 12 Jan 2022
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