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Topic Review
Practical Classes of Physical Education by Metaverse Types
The metaverse has been evolving the internet-based education represented by e-learning. Metaverse technology is currently being developed as a platform centered on content-based information industries. The potential of the metaverse is not small in the education world, and metaverse technology is already being used in the sports world. Through this manuscript, we can examine the utilization of metaverse in the sports world, and also examine the pros and cons.
  • 830
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
University–Industry Collaboration in Postgraduate Education
The training of professional degree postgraduates in universities of applied sciences is essential in meeting the needs of industry and society. Postgraduates have a high degree of recognition of university–industry collaboration, but the main dissatisfaction lies in the alignment between enterprise practice and professional learning. To enhance the quality of training, universities should prioritize practice-oriented approaches that emphasize engineering practice throughout the entire training process, optimize the university–industry collaboration mechanism, and strengthen the construction of “double supervisor” faculties.
  • 830
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Development among Students in China
Education is critical to achieving the world’s sustainable development (SD). Assessment or measurement is a means to help an education system to accelerate integrating SD content. To have a perception of the gap in relation to the SD action goals, a basic understanding of current students’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) needs to be established. 
  • 826
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Perspectives on Mathematical Modeling Education: Conceptions and Research
Mathematical modeling is a cyclical process in which mathematics is used to represent, explore, and better understand real-world situations by mathematizing a problem and validating the results. Unlike traditional word problems, modeling tasks require learners to make assumptions, define quantities, apply mathematics, interpret results, and revise solutions within authentic contexts. Mathematical modeling is increasingly recognized as essential in mathematics education, highlighted in standards such as the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics through mathematical practice 4 (MP4): model with mathematics. This entry explores the evolving landscape of mathematical modeling education. First, it reviews the diverse conceptions of modeling and the various frameworks used to describe the modeling process, including distinctions between holistic and atomistic approaches. Second, it examines the current state of research, including the documented benefits of modeling for student engagement and access, as well as the challenges teachers face in enacting modeling tasks. Finally, the entry discusses implications for future research and practice, emphasizing the need for targeted teacher preparation and continued theoretical refinement to better support the integration of modeling into mathematics instruction.
  • 826
  • 08 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Key Paradigm Shifts on Disability, Inclusion, and Autism
In the past two decades, students have been more willing to disclose their disability status when entering higher education (HE) in the United Kingdom (UK). Concurrently, higher education institutions (HEIs) have adopted disability policies and service teams for enhancing equality, diversity, and inclusion in the UK.
  • 824
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
University Teachers’ Use of Smart Classrooms
Enhancement or Impediment? How University Teachers’ Use of Smart Classrooms Might Impact Interaction Quality. Advanced technological applications increase the quality of classroom interactions, particularly those involving student–teacher (ST) interactions, although it has a lower effect on the social–emotional outcomes of student–student (SS) interactions. 
  • 821
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Developmental Dyslexia, Dyslexia-Friendly Fonts and Text-to-Speech Technologies
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed in children who fail to develop normal reading skills in spite of normal intelligence. A recent study conducted in Italy showed a prevalence of 3.5%. Traditional approaches considered DD as a phonological processing impairment; however, several other functions were shown to be specifically impaired, such as long-term and short-term verbal memory or working memory, visual attention, and visual and auditory perception. Over the past years, research has been looking for solutions to alleviate deficits in the visuospatial processing of letters and words, and to improve reading in individuals with DD using specific fonts or changing visualization parameters such as size, spacing and line spacing. Moreover, text-to-speech technology (TTS) has been used to support understanding of the text. However, apart from a general recommendation about slower pace, much less research has been devoted to the specific characteristics of TTS that may lead to clearer perception and better understanding in students with DD.
  • 821
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
School Closure on Adolescents’ Wellbeing
Close to 200 countries have implemented school closures to decrease the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus. Though the closures have seemed necessary, their effects on the wellbeing of children and adolescents have raised serious concerns. To truly understand the impact of such disruption on young people’s wellbeing, and their views on how to move towards a new normal, we must adopt different approaches to gather the data to secure children’s and adolescents’ rights to be heard in the issues that concern their lives.
  • 818
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Managing Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions
The new paradigms derived from technological innovations lead to the digital transformation of organisations. Higher Education Institutions cannot ignore these changes, which affect them like any other organisation, but especially because of their activity: training professionals who need to learn to manage and lead organisations in this new information society. 
  • 817
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Academic Rank in Sweden
This article describes the academic positions and ranks in Sweden.
  • 810
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Entrepreneurial Competence
Entrepreneurship encompasses a variety of motivations and goals that have global significance, including social impact, commercial success, and environmental sustainability. Entrepreneurial competence combines knowledge, attitudes, and skills that inspire people to undertake projects addressing unmet needs or opportunities. This competence considers cultural elements and external factors as key determinants in enhancing the ability to recognize and create opportunities, enabling the transformation of ideas into action. Ultimately, this contributes to a more dynamic and competitive society.
  • 810
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Administrators and Students on E-Learning
The quest for better education and knowledge acquisition has triggered the introduction, acceptance and incorporation of e-learning into Nigerian learning. The introduction of the concept of e-learning to Nigerian learning can be dated back to the 1980s, when reputable Nigerians enrolled in several universities in London. In addition, the introduction of e-learning to a premier university in Nigeria, rooted in the college of Ibadan, led to greater interest, causing locals to seek extramural work and other studies at Oxford University.
  • 807
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Documenting Children’s Spatial Reasoning through Art
Spatial reasoning is the understanding of how both people and objects interact with, and relate to, one another. This entry examines how children’s art can document emergent sensemaking of spatial reasoning.
  • 807
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Project-Based Learning to Decolonising Assessment in Higher Education
Decolonising the curriculum (DtC) is an emerging concept that continues to challenge higher education institutions globally, with educators and scholars increasingly recognising how traditional curricular structures, content, and pedagogical practices can reinforce colonial biases and marginalise certain student groups. DtC can be seen as a process rather than a phenomenon, one which is ongoing and multiplexed, consisting of elements that aim to dismantle the hierarchy between staff and students and question the ways in which knowledge is produced, valued, and disseminated. The expected outcome is to provide students with an education which is equitable, inclusive, and relevant to their personal lives and experiences. Efforts in DtC have continued to gain traction, but assessment practices remain overlooked as a crucial component, with most decolonising efforts focussed towards content and pedagogy. 
  • 806
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Where Critical Inquiry, Empirical Making, and Experiential Learning Shape Architectural Pedagogy
This entry is based on the premise that pressing issues of climate change, social injustice, and post-COVID practices appear to have superseded some essential values of architectural and design pedagogy, leading to improvements in content that may be offset by a loss of focus on the core curriculum. The entry reimagines architectural pedagogy by arguing for a transformative shift from traditional product-based education to a process-oriented, inquiry-driven approach that cultivates critical thinking and empirical making, predicated upon experiential learning. It aims to integrate rigorous critical inquiry into both studio-based and lecture-based settings, thus critiquing assumed limitations of conventional approaches that prioritise final outcomes over iterative design processes, dialogue, and active engagement. Employing a comprehensive qualitative approach that incorporates diverse case studies and critical reviews, the analysis is divided into two main threads: one that places emphasis on the studio environment and another that focuses on lecture-based courses. Within these threads, the analysis is structured around a series of key themes central to experiential learning, each of which concludes with a key message that synthesises the core insights derived from case studies. The two threads instigate the identification of aligned areas of emphasis which articulate the need for active engagements and reflection, for bridging theory and practice, and for adopting interdisciplinary and experiential approaches. Conclusions are drawn to establish guidance for a future direction of a strengthened and pedagogically enriched architectural education.
  • 805
  • 08 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Course Design Planning Framework
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become key in numerous domains, emphasizing the need for education in this field. The interdisciplinary nature of AI and its relevance across various sectors call for an integration of AI topics into university curricula. This article introduces the "AI Course Design Planning Framework", a comprehensive tool designed to structure the development of domain-specific AI courses at the university level. The AI Course Design Planning Framework forms a visual and practical tool for instructors and course developers in the higher education or professional education context with a special focus on non-computer science (non-CS) students. It can be used as a means to gather ideas, innovate, plan and communicate ideas for domain-specific AI courses. The framework can be used as a self-contained instrument for individuals, in tandem with AI and domain experts or in a workshop setting with multiple people. Scholars suggest filling it from left to right, first considering the questions on AI in the domain, the learning environment of the course and last, the course implementation.
  • 803
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Job Burnout amongst University Administrative Staffs in China
It is widely accepted that administrative staff, as important components of a university’s workforce, play a critical role in realizing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The worth of administrative staff is based on their productivity, and this has a significant impact on the viability of universities. In the higher education context, job burnout has many costs for the university and the staff themselves which are associated with a loss of job satisfaction, poor career identity, low organizational commitment, and poor well-being.
  • 798
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Teacher Characteristics and Teaching Quality and Evaluation
There is a correlation between teacher characteristics and the quality of teaching. Teacher characteristics have a significant impact on the quality of teaching and learning, highlighting the importance of teacher and curriculum characteristics in improving the quality of education. Other factors such as classroom interactions, communication skills, ability to maintain good relationships, teaching methods and cognitive and affective factors can also play a role in the quality of teaching.
  • 798
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
How Pupil–Teacher Relationships Contribute to Alienation of Pupils
Pupil–teacher relationships have been widely researched, reaching the consensus that they have a significant impact on an individual’s development throughout their education. 
  • 798
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Gamification and Heritage Education
The challenge of teaching social knowledge that is useful for students and that will enable them to function with autonomy, responsibility, and critical capacity in today’s societies entails a continuous process of seeking new and alternative forms of teaching so that teachers undergoing initial training can learn active methodologies that are capable of generating more significant learning in their future students and educating them as critical citizens who will be involved in tackling sustainable development and today’s most relevant eco-social issues. Heritage education is configured as an ideal framework for the treatment of socio-environmental problems relevant to modern society. To this end, it is essential that teachers can develop proposals in the classroom that promote critical thinking and the eco-social education of their students, based on innovative and experiential methodologies.
  • 792
  • 05 Jun 2023
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