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Topic Review
Bioconversion of Corn Crop Residues
Corn is the fourth largest crop in the world, and its residues represent a potentially renewable feedstock for industrial lactic acid production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Different frameworks of bioconversion surged as alternatives for biomass disposal, which depend on the nature of the residue.
  • 951
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Behavior and Theory of Planned Behavior Framework
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) describes individual behavior and has been extensively utilized in studying pro-environmental behavior and low-carbon travel behavior (LTB). According to TPB, an individual’s behavioral intention is determined by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls, and behavior is determined by behavioral intentions. Attitude refers to an individual’s positive or negative attitude towards a certain behavior, subjective norm refers to the social pressure that individuals perceive to participate or not in a certain behavior, and perceived behavioral control refers to the degree of difficulty an individual perceives for a certain behavior.
  • 947
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Methods Used for Artificial Humification of Animal Wastes
Humification (HF) is the natural process of converting bioorganic matter into humic substances (humus, humate, humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin) via geo-microbiological mechanisms under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions. Humic substances (HSs) and their composition and concentrations mostly determine the basic properties of soils and play an important role in regulating the growth of plants and soil microorganisms and the accumulation and migration of metal ions, radionuclides, and ecotoxicants in soils. Various processes designed for the humification (HF) of animal husbandry wastes, primarily bird droppings, reduce their volumes, solve environmental problems, and make it possible to obtain products with artificially formed humic substances (HSs) as analogues of natural HSs, usually extracted from fossil sources (coal and peat).
  • 945
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Perception of Farm-Fed Anaerobic Digestion Plants
Anaerobic digestion (AD) plants undoubtedly represent an integral and irreplaceable element in rural energy transition and sustainable waste management.
  • 940
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Biopolymers in Aerobic Granular Sludge
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology has been extensively studied and is used in wastewater treatment plants to remove biodegradable organic matter and to overcome difficulties with conventional activated sludge systems. It has been successfully implemented in many full-scale plants in locations around the world. AGS technology, in which biomass has a form of compact and dense granules, offers advantages over conventional activated sludge such as a high settling capacity, more effective sludge-effluent separation, higher biomass retention, tolerance to high organic loads and toxicity, the possibility of simultaneously removing nutrients, and adsorption of heavy metals.
  • 934
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Materials as Cathode for Dual-Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitors
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have drawn increasing attention, due to their appealing potential for bridging the performance gap between lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Especially, dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors (DC-LICs) are even more attractive because of the low cost, high conductivity, and tunable nanostructure/surface chemistry/composition, as well as excellent chemical/electrochemical stability of carbon materials. Based on the well-matched capacity and rate between the cathode and anode, DC-LICs show superior electrochemical performances over traditional LICs and are considered to be one of the most promising alternatives to the current energy storage devices. The mismatch between the cathode and anode could be further suppressed by applying carbon nanomaterials. 
  • 933
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
STEPLand Framework
This contribution assesses a new term that is proposed to be established within Land Change Science: Spatio-TEmporal Patterns of Land (‘STEPLand’). It refers to a specific workflow for analyzing land-use/land cover (LUC) patterns, identifying and modeling driving forces of LUC changes, assessing socio-environmental consequences, and contributing to defining future scenarios of land transformations. Researchers define this framework based on a comprehensive metaanalysis of 250 selected articles published in international scientific journals from 2000 to 2019. The empirical results demonstrate that STEPLand is a consolidated protocol applied globally, and the large diversity of journals, disciplines, and countries involved shows that it is becoming ubiquitous. The main characteristics of STEPLand are provided and discussed, demonstrating that the operational procedure can facilitate the interaction among researchers from different fields, and communication between researchers and policy makers.
  • 929
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
The Sustainability of Smart City
The sustainability of smart cities involves more than the environmental dimension; it encompasses a series of criteria that should be used to define actions and strategies for urban development, e.g., electricity and water consumption, transportation systems, waste management, security, technology inclusion, and sociocultural development, among others. 
  • 918
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Phosphate Laundries Wastewater
Phosphate laundries wastewater, a phosphate rich effluent, showed an alkaline pH, highly turbid and rich in suspended matter and total solids. 
  • 912
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Towards the Commercialization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has become a promising energy conversion technology due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact. Though there are several reviews on SOFCs, comprehensive reports that simultaneously combine the latest developments in materials and integration strategies are very limited. This paper addresses those issues and discusses SOFCs working principles, design types, the fuels used, and the required features for electrodes and electrolytes.
  • 912
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Factors in Expectation Confirmation Model
Bhattacherjee studied the continuance intention of online banking by using the ECM, which added the perceived usefulness variable in the technology acceptance model, and established a model for inspecting users’ continuance intention of an information system (IS). The ECM has four constructs: confirmation, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and IS continuance intention. Among them, confirmation refers to the consistency between users’ expectations and the actual performance of the IS. Perceived usefulness refers to users’ expected benefits from using an IS. This construct is similar to performance expectancy in UTAUT, as both describe users’ perceived benefits from using an IS. Satisfaction refers to users’ feelings while using the IS. Finally, IS continuance intention refers to users’ intentions to continue using the IS.
  • 908
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is the main problem regarding a city’s climate. It is the main adverse effect of urbanization and negatively affects human thermal comfort levels as defined by physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in the urban environment. Blue and green infrastructure (BGI) solutions may mitigate the UHI effect. First, however, it is necessary to understand the problem from the degrading side. Researchers related to urban planning, architecture, and climatology are developing the city-UHI relationship’s mechanics and effective mitigation strategies based on the already-known dependencies. What the future urban environment should look like in order to be resilient to climate change and to be climate neutral are examined here.
  • 906
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Community Connected Microgrids
Renewable energy systems in the form of community microgrids, and grid-connected solar PV-storage are considered primary solutions for powering residential developments. The primary objectives for commissioning such systems include significant electricity cost reductions and carbon emissions abatement. Despite the proliferation of renewables, the uptake of solar and battery storage systems in communities and multi-residential buildings are less researched in the literature, and many uncertainties remain in terms of providing an optimal solution.
  • 903
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Application of Copper-Based Antimicrobial Compounds
Copper-based antimicrobial compounds (CBACs) can control a wide range of plant diseases, such as grape downy mildew, citrus black spot, fire blight of pome fruits, walnut blight, potato late blight, stone fruit canker, coffee berry disease, olive leaf spot, and powdery mildew of many other crops. At present, not considering metal contaminants, CBACs are still at the forefront as the main pesticides sold in Europe.
  • 902
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Gasification Agent on Underground Coal Gasification
The underground coal gasification (UCG) technology converts coal into product gas and provides the option of environmentally and economically attractive coal mining. Obtained syngas can be used for heating, electricity, or chemical production. Numerous laboratory coal gasification trials have been performed in the academic and industrial fields. Lab-scale tests can provide insight into the processes involved with UCG. Many tests with UCG have been performed on ex-situ reactors, where different UCG techniques, the effect of gasification agents, their flow rates, pressures, and various control mechanisms to improve gasification efficiency and syngas production have been investigated.
  • 899
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
CO2 Emissions in Buildings
CO2 is the most emitted greenhouse gas and is mainly produced by human activity. In fact, about 75% is emitted in cities and 40% of global carbon emissions is produced by the building sector.
  • 893
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Cover Crops as a Soil Water Management Strategy
Cover crops can play a more prominent role in water management; however, the more widespread use of cover crops may be hindered by the inconsistencies of experimental data demonstrating cover crop effects on soil water retention, as well as cover crop effect inconsistencies arising from complex interactions between soil carbon, water, and land management. 
  • 892
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Disassembly Waste Generation
Disassembly waste generation forecasting is the foundation for determining disassembly waste treatment and process formulation and is also an important prerequisite for optimizing waste management. The prediction of disassembly waste generation is a complex process which is affected by potential time, environment, and economy characteristic variables. Uncertainty features, such as disassembly amount, disassembly component status, and workshop scheduling, play an important role in predicting the fluctuation of disassembly waste generation. We therefore focus on revealing the trend of waste generation in disassembly remanufacturing that faces significant influences of technology and economic changes to achieve circular industry sustainable development.
  • 888
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Nanoimpact in Plants
Transcriptomics studies are available to evaluate the potential toxicity of nanomaterials in plants, and many highlight their effect on stress-responsive genes. However, a comparative analysis of overall expression changes suggests a low impact on the transcriptome. Environmental challenges like pathogens, saline, or drought stress induce stronger transcriptional responses than nanoparticles. Clearly, plants did not have the chance to evolve specific gene regulation in response to novel nanomaterials; but they use common regulatory circuits with other stress responses. 
  • 887
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sustainability Initiatives in the Canadian Port Sector
Maritime ports are critical nodes in the Canadian resource-based economy that can have significant environmental impacts near coastal communities and marine ecosystems. To address these impacts, Canadian Port Authorities (CPAs) assess their environmental performance using the Green Marine Environmental Program (GMEP). Reliance on this program necessitates its evaluation as an effective initiative to address sustainability in its broader context. 
  • 885
  • 07 Jan 2022
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