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Topic Review
Wearable Technology in Sports
Wearable technology is increasingly vital for improving sports performance through real-time data analysis and tracking. Both professional and amateur athletes rely on wearable sensors to enhance training efficiency and competition outcomes.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Oct 2025
Topic Review
Piezoelectric Material
Piezoelectric materials can be called“the top of the crop” of smart materials. Piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most researched materials for practical applications among the numerous smart materials. They owe it to a few main reasons, including low cost, high bandwidth of service, availability in a variety of formats, and ease of handling and execution. Several authors have used piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators to effectively control structural vibrations, noise, and active control, as well as for structural health monitoring, over the last three decades. These studies cover a wide range of engineering disciplines, from vast space systems to aerospace, automotive, civil, and biomedical engineering.
  • 2.0K
  • 24 May 2021
Topic Review
Developing High-Power-Density Electromagnetic Devices
Advanced magnetic materials, particularly nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic materials, exhibit distinct magnetic properties that allow for efficient magnetic flux concentration and minimize energy losses. As a result, they are ideal for implementation in high-power-density electromagnetic devices. Additionally, integrating these materials into electromagnetic devices can result in both substantial reductions in core loss and improvements in efficiency.
  • 2.0K
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Demand Side Management
Demand Side Management (DSM) is a cost-effective approach to managing electricity networks, aimed at reducing capacity requirements and costs, increasing the penetration of renewable generation, and reducing power system emissions.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Advanced Power Converters in Robotics
The effectiveness and performance of the robot’s manipulative actions in any field of operation primarily depend on the dynamic response of its internal drive system. Power converters play a pivotal role in robotics by facilitating efficient energy conversion and management. 
  • 2.0K
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Power systems stability with IBGs
Electrical power system stability is of upmost importance for a secure and reliable supply of electrical energy to residential, commercial and industrial premises. Voltage stability of microgrids, as new components of a power system, is an emerging research area within the concept of power system stability. The main purpose of developing microgrids is to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid. Renewable energy sources are normally connected to the grid via power electronic inverters. As various types of renewable energy sources are increasingly connected to the electrical power grid, power systems of the near future will have more inverter-based generators (IBGs) instead of synchronous generators (SGs). Since IBGs have significant differences in their characteristics compared to SGs , particularly with regard to their inertia and capability to provide reactive power, their impacts on the system dynamics are different compared to SGs. A comprehensive review on voltage stability of power systems with the inclusion of inverter-based generators is presented. 
  • 2.0K
  • 05 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Holography
The principle of magnetic holograms and its application to holographic memory are reviewed. A magnetic hologram was recorded through a thermomagnetic recording as a difference in magnetization direction and reconstructed with the magneto-optical effect. To achieve a bright reconstruction image, it is important to record deep magnetic fringes on the materials with large Faraday rotation coefficients. This technique was applied to the holographic memory using transparent magnetic garnets as a recording material. The first reconstruction image was dark and noisy, but improvements in the recording conditions resulted in error-free recording and reconstruction of the magnetic hologram. To form deep magnetic fringes, insertion of heat dissipation (HD) layers into recording layer was proposed. It was found that this HD multilayer medium showed diffraction efficiency higher than that of a single layer medium, and error-free recording and reconstruction were also achieved, using magnetic assisted recording. These results suggest that HD multilayer media have potential applications in recording media of magnetic holographic data storage. In future, a high recording density technique, such as multiple recording, should be developed.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Microgrid Applications and Technical Challenges
In general, microgrids (MGs) can be described as integrated systems composed of distributed energy resources and electrical loads operating as a single, autonomous network, in parallel or “islanded” from the distribution network. Smart microgrids are small, modern systems that mimic to a lesser extent today’s large centralized electrical system. Similar to large electrical power systems (EPS), microgrids can generate, distribute, and regulate the flow of electricity to consumers. When operating in parallel, microgrids increase the main grid capacity, reliability, and efficiency. MGs are designed to provide reliable and efficient electricity to small communities, facilities, or even individual homes, and can be powered by a variety of energy sources, such as solar panels, wind turbines, diesel generators, or batteries. Energy storage systems are usually included to ensure security (possibility of islanded operation), reliability, and controllability. A microgrid can be formed by a decentralized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates connected to a Smart grid or classic grid distribution infrastructure.
  • 1.9K
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Multilevel Inverters in  Battery Electric Vehicles
All electric vehicles are the only way to decarbonize transport quickly and substantially. Although multilevel inverters have already been used in some transportation modes, they are rarely used in road transportation, especially in light-duty passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs). With the transition to a high 800-V DC link to extend the driving range and enable extreme fast charging, the possibility of using multilevel inverters in commercial light-duty passenger BEVs becomes feasible. Higher efficiency, higher power density, better waveform quality, lower switching frequency, the possibility of using low-rated switches, and inherent fault tolerance are known advantages of multilevel inverters that make them an efficient option for replacing 2-level inverters in high DC link passenger BEVs.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Opto-Electronic Oscillators
An opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) is one of the most popular types of oscillators for generating micro- and millimeter wave signals.
  • 1.9K
  • 08 May 2021
Topic Review
Electrowetting Displays
Electrowetting display (EWD) has promising prospects in the electronic paper industry due to it having superior characteristics, such as the ability to provide a comfortable reading experience and quick response.
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Alarming Systems for Hazardous Gases and Volatile Chemicals
The leakage of hazardous gases and chemical vapors is considered one of the dangerous accidents that can occur in laboratories, workshops, warehouses, and industrial sites that use or store these substances. The early detection and alarming of hazardous gases and volatile chemicals are significant to keep the safety conditions for the people and life forms who are work in and live around these places.
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fractional-Order Digital Filters
Fractional-order digital filters have developed to provide an alternative solution to higher-order integer-order filters, with increased design flexibility and better performance.
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Two-Wire Resistance Temperature Detectors
In the remote measurement system, the lead wire resistance of the resistance sensor will produce a large measurement error. In order to ensure the accuracy of remote measurement, a novel lead-wire-resistance compensation technique is proposed, which is suitable for two-wire resistance temperature detector. By connecting a zener diode in parallel with the RTD and an interface circuit specially designed for it, the lead-wire-resistance value can be accurately measured by virtue of the constant voltage characteristic of the zener diode when reverse breakdown, compensation can thereby be made when calculating the resistance of RTD. Through simulation verification and practical circuit test, when the sensor resistance is in 848 - 2120 Ω scope and the lead wire resistance is less than 50 Ω, the proposed technology can ensure the measuring error of the sensor resistance within ± 1 Ω and the temperature measurement error within ± 0.3 ℃ for RTDs performing 1000 Ω at 0 ℃. Therefore, this method is able to accurately compensate the resistance of two-wire RTD lead and is suitable for most applications.
  • 1.9K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Application of Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) in IoT Sensors
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) combines various sensors and the internet to form an expanded network, realizing the interconnection between human beings and machines anytime and anywhere. Nevertheless, the problem of energy supply limits the large-scale implementation of IoT. Fortunately, thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which can directly convert thermal gradient into electricity, have attracted extensive attention in the field of IoT due to their unique benefits, such as small size, long maintenance cycle, high stability, and no noise. Therefore, it is vital to integrate the significantly advanced research on TEGs into IoT. The authors first outlined the basic principle of the thermoelectricity effect and summarized the common preparation methods for thermoelectric functional parts in TEGs. Then, the application of TEG-powered sensors in the human body was wearable and implantable medical electronic devices. It is followed by a discussion on the application of scene sensors for IoTs, for example, building energy management and airliners. Finally, researchers provided a further outlook on the current challenges and opportunities.
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials in Power Electronics
Silicon (Si)-based semiconductor devices have long dominated the power electronics industry and are used in almost every application involving power conversion. However, for many applications, power device requirements such as higher blocking voltage capability, higher switching frequencies, lower switching losses, higher temperature withstand, higher power density in power converters, and enhanced efficiency and reliability have reached a stage where the present Si-based power devices cannot cope with the growing demand and would usually require large, costly cooling systems and output filters to meet the requirements of the application. Wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), and diamond (Dia) have recently emerged in the commercial market, with superior material properties that promise substantial performance improvements and are expected to gradually replace the traditional Si-based devices in various power electronics applications. 
  • 1.9K
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
False Data Injection Attacks
False data injection attacks (FDIAs), as a covert cyber-attack method, pose a huge challenge to the safe and stable operation of smart grids by illegally hacking into power systems to tamper with measurement data and thus undermine data integrity.
  • 1.9K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
AlGaN Ultraviolet (UV)-B/-C Lasers
The development of electrically pumped semiconductor diode lasers emitting at the ultraviolet (UV)-B and -C spectral bands has been an active area of research over the past several years, motivated by a wide range of emerging applications. III-Nitride materials and their alloys, in particular AlGaN, are the material of choice for the development of this ultrashort-wavelength laser technology. Despite significant progress in AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the technological advancement and innovation in diode lasers at these spectral bands is lagging due to several technical challenges. 
  • 1.9K
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Battery Management System
Renewable energy penetration and distributed generation are key for the transition towards more sustainable societies, but they impose a substantial challenge in terms of matching generation with demand due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of some of these renewable energy sources. Thus, the role of energy storage in today’s and future electricity markets is undisputed. Batteries stand out among the different alternatives for energy storage.
  • 1.9K
  • 05 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Windows Phone 8
Windows Phone 8 is the second generation of the Windows Phone mobile operating system from Microsoft. It was released on October 29, 2012, and, like its predecessor, it features a flat user interface based on the Metro design language. It was succeeded by Windows Phone 8.1, which was unveiled on April 2, 2014. Windows Phone 8 replaces the Windows CE-based architecture used in Windows Phone 7 with the Windows NT kernel found in Windows 8. Windows Phone 7 devices cannot run or update to Windows Phone 8, and new applications compiled specifically for Windows Phone 8 are not made available for Windows Phone 7 devices. Developers can make their apps available on both Windows Phone 7 and Windows Phone 8 devices by targeting both platforms via the proper SDKs in Visual Studio. Windows Phone 8 devices are manufactured by Microsoft Mobile (formerly Nokia), HTC, Samsung and Huawei.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Nov 2022
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