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All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Sustainable Development of Chinese High School English Learners
Since the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), countries all around the globe have been working together toward an inclusive, sustainable, and resilient future. However, there is still a long way to go before meeting the aim of sustainable development on time. Providing quality education and promoting gender equality are important tasks encompassed by the UN development goals. Quality education is a key component of the SDGs, yet little is known about how to accomplish the SDGs’ quality education targets. Second language learning plays an essential role in cultivating international innovators, and it is also an important way of achieving sustainable development. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to close schools, posing a huge challenge to the sustainability of quality education. Managing the relationship between quality education and sustainable development in this new era is our top priority. In this special period, it becomes particularly important to study students’ motivation to learn a second language.
  • 876
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Educational Constructivism
A perspective on learning and teaching that considers knowledge must be constructed by the individual learner using available interpretive resources, and where learners are likely to misconstrue instruction without well-designed teaching that is informed by knowledge of learners’ ideas.
  • 876
  • 12 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Service-Learning Projects in University Degrees
Service-Learning (SL) is a methodology in which the students achieve academic and transversal competences related to a subject while carrying out a service for community benefit.  This methodology can be used as a tool to incorporate contents in the lecture sessions and to teach the students about sustainability or to start collaborations about sustainability issues between community partners, local governments and associations.  
  • 865
  • 02 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Estimation of Learning Progress
Monitoring the progress of student learning is an important part of teachers’ data-based decision making. One such tool that can equip teachers with information about students’ learning progress throughout the school year and thus facilitate monitoring and instructional decision making is learning progress assessment. In practical contexts and research, estimating learning progress has relied on approaches that seek to estimate progress either for each student separately or within overarching model frameworks, such as latent growth modeling.
  • 863
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Conceptual Change
Conceptual change is the process whereby concepts and relationships between them change over the course of an individual person's lifetime or over the course of history. Research in four different fields – cognitive psychology, cognitive developmental psychology, science education, and history and philosophy of science - has sought to understand this process. Indeed, the convergence of these four fields, in their effort to understand how concepts change in content and organization, has led to the emergence of an interdisciplinary sub-field in its own right. This sub-field is referred to as “conceptual change” research.
  • 860
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
National Identity Education Intentions of Pre-Service Teachers
National identity education is a form of education that fosters a stable sense of national identity among citizens and plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of the country. However, with the deepening of economic globalisation and cultural pluralism, pre-service teachers, in their dual roles as school students and prospective teachers, have encountered challenges in practicing their intention to implement national identity education. 
  • 857
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Online Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, higher education (HE) around the world has encountered unprecedented crises. The applications of emergency protocols to control the spread of the coronavirus was followed by restrictions, closures, and a sudden transition from face-to-face learning to remote and digital learning. Due to this, students, academic staff, and administrations have been forced to comply with the guidelines and recommendations set by government agencies, and students have been encouraged to continue learning remotely and online.
  • 847
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Navigating the Flipped Learning Approach: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications in Teacher Education
Over the past decade, educators have utilized flipped learning to augment students’ learning outside of the classroom. The COVID-19 pandemic disruptions in regular classroom teaching and learning activities intensified the use of the approach. This entry examines teacher educators’ and pre-service teachers’ perspectives of flipped learning, highlighting the opportunities and challenges during and after the pandemic. This entry also examines how flipped learning impacted educators’ work and pre-service teachers’ learning, which necessitated its continuous development and use in teacher education. A critical analysis of the literature and illustrations from other perspectives highlights the implication of adopting flipped learning and how educators, pre-service teachers, and universities can support the integration of the approach in the curriculum. While the approach provides substantial benefits to both educators and pre-service teachers, integrating digital technologies to adopt the approach presents challenges to practitioners, which need to be addressed with more support for professional development training. This entry contributes to the existing valuable information for policymaking for technological integration in the transformation of teacher education.
  • 847
  • 16 Sep 2025
Biography
Patricia Caratozzolo
Patricia Caratozzolo is an Electronic Engineer from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (UBA). She completed her doctoral studies at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Spain, at the Institute of Industrial Robotics, with a Ph.D. thesis on electric generation systems for hybrid vehicles in June 2003. She worked for several years at the National Center for Technological Research and
  • 846
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Escape Rooms in Educational Environments
The adoption of the active learning paradigm presents a series of challenges and uncertainties. However, its adoption may result in better academic results and a more engaging attitude towards learning. Within game-based learning, escape rooms are one of the most popular instances. Commercial escape rooms paved the way to educational escape rooms, where students make use of their skills to solve problems, which eventually will let them “escape” a room in a certain way.
  • 845
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Aggression in the Classroom and Teachers’ Reactions
Dealing with students’ maladaptive behaviour in the classroom, such as verbal aggressive behaviour, is challenging, particularly for novice teachers. They often encounter limited opportunities for training and practice in handling such incidents during their pre-service education, rendering them ill-equipped and uncertain when confronted with instances of verbal aggression during their initial teaching experiences. Although reacting appropriately to students’ verbal aggressive behaviour is crucial, teacher education programs seem to appear inadequate in preparing preservice teachers to manage students’ maladaptive behaviour effectively. The authors therefore developed a comprehensive competence model consisting of concrete steps to be taken during or immediately following an incident and overarching attitudes to be adopted throughout the incident managing process.
  • 841
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Knowledge Sharing in Business Education
One of the findings is that knowledge sharing in business education is growing in virtual environments, especially in the last year, where the COVID 19 pandemic restricted the option of face-to-face education in classrooms. It is recommended that business schools decrease the percentage of time they spend in lectures and increase the time and strategies in which students share knowledge, discuss problems and make decisions based on collective reflection. 
  • 840
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Understanding Science Teachers’ Implementations of Integrated STEM
Science teachers generally have a positive attitude towards using STEM-based activities. In addition, data revealed that participants implement integrated STEM into their teaching frequently and regularly. Results also indicated teachers encounter challenges while implementing STEM: documentation, the vast curriculum content, and lack of time. Moreover, external challenges (i.e., the lack of supportive guidelines) rather than teachers’ competency (i.e., having sufficient knowledge and skills for implementing STEM teaching) appeared to have the highest impending impact.
  • 839
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Inclusive Supervision: Bridging the Cultural Divide
Inclusive supervision is an approach to supervision that prioritizes multicultural competencies and an ethic of inclusion. Inclusivity in doctoral (or PhD) supervision is of key significance due to the collaborative nature of the relationship between supervisors and supervisees. Scant research has been conducted that considers the multiple, intersectional influences and their impact within this relationship. This study employs a rapid review method to synthesize findings on the research evidence encapsulating inclusive doctoral supervision. A search of academic literature spanning the last ten years (2013–2023) led to the inclusion of nine empirical, qualitative research studies on inclusive supervision. A synthesis of the findings resulted in five key challenges to inclusive supervision that diverse students face: power dynamics and feedback, a lack of belonging and support, a racial lens on academic competence, (mis)understandings of cultural differences, and communication and language barriers. In discussing these findings, we employ an intersectional lens and introduce a conceptual framework for an inclusive collaboration between supervisors and supervisees.
  • 838
  • 14 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Organization Workshop
The Organization workshop (OW) – or "Laboratorio Organizacional" (LO) in both Portuguese and Spanish – is a CHAT-based learning event where participants master new organizational as well as social knowledge and skills through a learning-by-doing approach. It is aimed at large groups of unemployed and underemployed, a large number of whom sometimes may be persons with lower levels of education (LLEs). The OW addresses locally identified problems which can only be solved by collaborating groups. During a Workshop participants form a temporary enterprise which they themselves manage, an enterprise which contracts to do work at market rates. Once the workshop temporary enterprise is over, organizational, management and vocational skills gained can be used to form new businesses or social enterprises. The creator of the OW is the Brazilian sociologist Clodomir Santos de Morais. The main elements of the workshop are a large group of people (stipulated originally by de Morais as "minimum 40, with no upper limit" the freedom to organize themselves within the law and all necessary resources in the hands of the group. de Morais' OW guidelines, originally distributed in mimeographed form, were (re)printed in several countries, languages and formats (including popular cartoon) over the years. The text was first translated into English by Ian Cherrett for use in anglophone Africa.
  • 832
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
K-12 Teachers to Teach Computer Science in USA
New curriculum reform across the United States requires teacher educators to rapidly develop and implement professional development (PD) for K-12 teachers, newly assigned to teach computer science (CS). One of the many inherent challenges in providing valuable PD is knowing what it is that novice CS teachers most need.
  • 832
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Effect of ChatGPT on Higher Education
ChatGPT is an emerging tool that can be employed in many activities including in learning/teaching in universities. Like many other tools, it has its benefits and its drawbacks. If used properly, it can improve learning, and if used irresponsibly, it can have a negative impact on learning. 
  • 832
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
How Supervisors Can Support Doctoral Students to Publish and Not Perish in Academia
“Publish or perish” is a term used for the culture adopted in universities, whereby academic members of staff, typically although not exclusively on research and teaching contracts, are required to publish research. Minimum levels of quantity and quality may apply and these may be included in key performance indicators and annual staff reviews to ensure compliance. Whilst this culture has been reported in universities for nearly a century, most recently it has cascaded down to doctoral students who are increasingly expected to publish and otherwise disseminate research during their studies (i.e., research outside of that which is to be submitted in their thesis). This entry relates primarily to doctoral students in a UK setting and studying a monograph route (rather than a published papers submission) in the humanities. It further explores the role played by supervisors to help doctoral students to publish, and in turn the help and guidance supervisors need to offer as support. Many of the findings explored in this entry apply equally beyond the parameters noted above, and, as demonstrated in the literature, international students and institutions are facing similar issues.
  • 832
  • 14 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Teachers’ Attitude and Behavioral Intention toward Online Teaching
Online teaching, with its potential to provide accessible, flexible, timely, and lifelong learning opportunities, is considered an essential approach for achieving sustainable learning and education. Because university faculties’ attitude toward online teaching and behavioral intention for online teaching directly affects the motivation, effort, and success of online teaching, this is crucial for the sustainable development of online education; even in the post-pandemic era, where online learning is no longer a requirement, college teachers with a positive attitude and behavioral intention will continue to attempt online teaching activities during the teaching process, thus transforming online learning or blended learning into the new norm in higher education. Therefore, online teaching attitude and behavioral intention research merits the special attention.
  • 832
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Development in Higher Education
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are not insulated from the challenges facing the planet and have been tasked as key stakeholders in sustainable development (SD). Over the last five decades, there has been a shift toward the categories of SD work that necessitate a collaborative culture that is not traditionally inherent in HEIs. It is offered that when HEIs align their institutional capacities with worldwide efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 and foster an intentionally collaborative culture, they will become better equipped to face their own unique challenges: becoming “changemaker” universities; collaborating with each other in the knowledge economy; placing students at the center of the teaching and learning process; and fulfilling their “third mission” to partner with external stakeholders and society.
  • 830
  • 07 Feb 2022
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