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Topic Review
Gravity Centre Watchdog Alarm
Gravity centre watchdog alarm, called a GC-WatchdogAlarm, monitors the condition of the press stamping and warns us when a pattern appears that we consider outside the correct working standards. To this end, two restrictions have been defined that must not be complied with: one is that there should be no deviation in the stamping and the second is that there should be no difference between each of the force values for each press position greater than usual. The GC-WatchdogAlarm tool runs every 24 h, analysing all the stamping parts made during a day of production. In the case of finding an anomaly, it generates an alarm that is sent to the maintenance team in order to perform a deep analysis of what happened. This is a good tool to take advantage of when making decisions.
  • 619
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Inverse Identification of Wood Using Synthetic Images
This work aims to determine the orthotropic linear elastic constitutive parameters of Pinus pinaster Ait. wood from a single uniaxial compressive experimental test, under quasi-static loading conditions, based on two different specimen configurations: (a) on-axis rectangular specimens oriented on the radial-tangential plane, (b) off-axis specimens with a grain angle of about 60° (radial-tangential plane). Using digital image correlation (DIC), full-field displacement and strain maps are obtained and used to identify the four orthotropic elastic parameters using the finite element model updating (FEMU) technique. Based on the FE data, a synthetic image reconstruction approach is proposed by coupling the inverse identification method with synthetically deformed images, which are then processed by DIC and compared with the experimental results. The proposed methodology is first validated by employing a DIC-levelled FEA reference in the identification procedure. The impact of the DIC setting parameters on the identification results is systematically investigated. This influence appears to be stronger when the parameter is less sensitive to the experimental setup used. When using on-axis specimen configuration, three orthotropic parameters of Pinus pinaster (modulus of elasticity on the radial and tangential directions and Poisson's ratio on the radial-tangential plane) are correctly identified, while the shear modulus on the radial-tangential plane is robustly identified when using off-axis specimen configuration.
  • 604
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Nanofluids as a Waste Heat Recovery Medium
The thermal energy storage and conversion process possesses high energy losses in the form of waste heat. The losses associated with energy conversion achieve almost 90% of the worldwide energy supply, and approximately half of these losses are waste heat. Hence, waste heat recovery approaches intend to recuperate that large amount of wasted heat from chimneys, vehicles, and solar energy systems, among others. The novel class of thermal fluids designated by nanofluids has a high potential to be employed in waste heat recovery. It has already been demonstrated that nanofluids enhance energy recovery efficiency by more than 20%. Also, the use of nanofluids can improve the energy capacity of steelworks systems by around three times. In general, nanofluids can improve efficiency and reduce exergy destruction and carbon emissions in devices like heat exchangers.
  • 604
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Next-Generation High-Temperature Solar Particle Receivers
Concentrated solar thermal (CST) systems are pivotal in the pursuit of renewable energy solutions to meet emissions reduction targets. They play a vital role in addressing the negative impacts of energy-intensive industrial processes, such as the high-temperature calcination step in the alumina Bayer process, requiring temperatures of approximately 1000 °C. However, achieving such high temperatures poses challenges, as radiative losses increase significantly with temperature. Current commercially available CST technologies, employing heat transfer mediums like molten salts, are constrained to temperatures below 600 °C. The emerging focus on sand-like ceramic particles, either as standalone materials or in suspension within an air stream, as heat transfer mediums signifies a promising avenue in the development of high-temperature receiver-based CST technologies. These particle-laden suspension flow receiver systems have the potential to reach operating temperatures exceeding 1000 °C.
  • 588
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Influence of Manufacturing Process with Additive Manufacturing
Due to their versatile advantages, the use of additively manufactured components is growing. In addition, new additive manufacturing processes are constantly being developed, so that a wide range of printing processes are now available for metal. Despite the same starting material, the microstructure and thus also the final mechanical properties differ greatly compared to conventional processes. In most cases, only direction-dependent characteristic values from the uniaxial tension are used to qualify a printing process before it is used. The literature, on the other hand, demonstrates that the results are not transferable to other loading conditions.
  • 586
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
N-G/ZIF-8-Based/Derived Materials as Battery Electrodes
As electrodes for batteries, N-G/MOF(ZIF-8) materials can mitigate issues like an electrode volume expansion for Li-ion batteries and the ‘shuttle effect’ for Li-S batteries. As electrodes for electrochemical capacitors, these materials can considerably improve the ion transfer rate and electronic conductivity, thereby enhancing the specific capacitance while maintaining the structural stability. Batteries are widely recognized as the most convenient electrochemical energy storage systems, and considerable efforts have been dedicated to their development and enhancement. Despite these endeavors, various challenges persist, including sluggish reaction rates, irreversible electrochemical reactions, the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and electrode volume expansion. 
  • 586
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Model
PEMFCs (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) are commonly used in fuel cell vehicles, which facilitates energy conversation and environmental protection. The fuel cell electrochemical performance is significantly affected by the contact resistance and the GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) porosity due to ohmic and concentration losses.
  • 575
  • 05 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Macadamia Nutshells for Bio-Synthetic Polymer Composites
The global production of macadamia nuts has witnessed a significant increase, resulting in the accumulation of large quantities of discarded nutshells. These nutshells possess the properties of remarkable hardness and toughness, which are comparable to those of aluminum. Incorporating natural fillers to enhance the properties of composite materials for various applications, including light duty, structural, and semi-structural purposes, is a common practice. Given their inherent hardness and toughness, macadamia nutshells present an intriguing choice as fillers, provided that the manufacturing conditions are economically viable. Macadamia nutshell-filled polymeric composites hold promising potential for manufacturing various structural components, including sandwich composites, with prospective applications in infrastructure, aerospace, and automotive industries. Additionally, macadamia shells can be processed at high temperatures in a specialized low-oxygen environment to produce biochar, which finds applications in carbon filters, life-saving medical treatments, industrial nano-powders, and cosmetics.
  • 575
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Energy Storage and Battery Management for Electrified Vehicles
The transport sector is tackling the challenge of reducing vehicle pollutant emissions and carbon footprints by means of a shift to electrified powertrains, i.e., battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). However, electrified vehicles pose new issues associated with the design and energy management for the efficient use of onboard energy storage systems (ESSs). Thus, strong attention should be devoted to ensuring the safety and efficient operation of the ESSs. In this framework, a dedicated battery management system (BMS) is required to contemporaneously optimize the battery’s state of charge (SoC) and to increase the battery’s lifespan through tight control of its state of health (SoH).
  • 566
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
3D Structured Capacitive Sensors
Rapid technological advancements have led to increased demands for sensors. Hence, high performance suitable for next-generation technology is required. As sensing technology has numerous applications, various materials and patterning methods are used for sensor fabrication. This affects the characteristics and performance of sensors, and research centered specifically on these patterns is necessary for high integration and high performance of these devices. 
  • 562
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Frequency-Dependent Adaptive Noise Cancellation-Based Tracking Controller
Frequency-dependent adaptive noise cancellation-based tracking controller (ANC-TC) is a known technique for the stabilization of several nonlinear dynamical systems. This control strategy has been introduced and applied for the stabilization of a flexible rotor supported on full-lubricated journal bearings. 
  • 560
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Enhancement of Circular Economy
Circular Economy (CE) is an approach and a series of processes aimed at minimizing material usage in production and consumption, enhancing material resilience, closing loops, and fostering sustainable exchanges to maximize ecological system benefits. Within a circular economy, the value of products and materials is preserved, waste is avoided, and resources are retained within the economic system once a product’s lifecycle concludes.
  • 539
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Artificial Neural Networks to Renewable Energies
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become key methods for achieving global climate goals. The applications of ANNs to renewable energies such as solar, wind, and tidal energy were studied. 
  • 534
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Solar Thermal Heating in SPIRE Industries
The Sustainable Process Industry through Resource and Energy Efficiency (SPIRE) association aims to integrate, demonstrate and validate systems and technologies that are capable of achieving key resources and energy efficiency across all SPIRE sectors. They include non-metallic minerals (cement and ceramics), chemicals, basic metals (non-ferrous metals, and iron and steel) and water industries. About 111 Solar heating for industrial processes (SHIP) systems are documented in the EU, of which 10 are integrated into SPIRE industries and the rest into non-SPIRE industries.
  • 533
  • 28 May 2023
Topic Review
Expressive Qualifiers, Feature Learning and Expressive Movement Generation
Expressive body movements are defined by low- and high-level descriptors. Low-level descriptors focus on kinematics or dynamic quantities such as velocity and acceleration, whereas high-level descriptors use low-level features to describe their perceptual or semantic evaluation optimally. Notable high-level systems include Pelachaud’s qualifiers, Wallbot’s descriptors, and the Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) system, which is commonly used for dance performance evaluation.
  • 526
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Design Model for Digital Shadow of Value Stream
The value stream method, a key tool in industry to analyze and visualize value streams in production, aims to holistically optimize process steps, reduce waste, and achieve continuous material flow. However, this method primarily relies on data from a single on-site inspection, which is subjective and represents just a snapshot of the process. This limitation can lead to uncertainty and potentially incorrect decisions, especially in industries producing customer-specific products. The increasing digitization in production offers a solution to this limitation by supporting the method through data provision. The concept of the digital shadow emerges as a key tool that systematically captures, processes, and integrates necessary data into a model to enhance traditional value stream mapping. 
  • 465
  • 17 Jan 2024
Biography
Mohammad Shalby
Dr. Mohammad Shalby is a Jordanian engineer and academic specializing in renewable energy technologies. He currently serves as an Associate Professor and Director of the Center for Studies at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan. His research encompasses solar, wind, and wave energy systems, as well as small-scale turbines and concentrated solar power (CSP) applications, with a focus on susta
  • 241
  • 25 Sep 2025
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