Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Child-Friendly Streetscape in Migrant Workers’ Communities in China
Designing child-friendly streetscapes is a pragmatic and effective approach to addressing the limited outdoor play spaces and social exclusion experienced by migrant children living in vulnerable residential areas. Addressing the development and well-being of all children in urban communities is important for the sustainable development of cities and society. A growing body of research emphasizes the need for urban planning strategies and community initiatives that promote safe and accessible play spaces for children, as well as social integration policies and support networks, thereby fostering children’s overall well-being.
  • 351
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Architectural Evaluation of Healthcare Facilities
The architectural design of healthcare institutions impacts patient experience and health outcomes. As the architectural landscape evolves, healthcare institutions face multifaceted challenges, ranging from demographic shifts to rapid technological advancements. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovative architectural solutions that cater to immediate healthcare needs while aligning with broader objectives of creating sustainable, efficient, and user-centric built environments.
  • 349
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Avian Influenza Virus: Genomic Epidemiology
Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant challenge to poultry production, with negative repercussions for both the economy and public health worldwide. Since January 2003, a total of 868 human cases of AIV H5N1 have been reported from four countries in the Western Pacific Region, as of 9 March 2023. When AIVs are circulating in poultry, there is a risk of sporadic infections and small clusters of human cases due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments.
  • 348
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Continuing Professional Training or Development in Maintaining Employment
Employee exit from the labor market is influenced by various factors, such as personal, work, and organizational factors. Age is a key factor that affects the risk of disability retirement, which is higher among older workers, and the intention to quit the current job, which is lower among older workers. Education level also plays a role, as workers with lower education are more likely to leave the labor force due to disability, unemployment, or early retirement.
  • 348
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Mycotoxins in the Context of HBM4EU Initiative
Mycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed worldwide. They can pose a threat to human and animal health, mainly causing chronic effects, e.g., immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Due to climate change, an increase in European population exposure to mycotoxins is expected to occur, raising public health concerns. This urges researchers to assess the current human exposure to mycotoxins in Europe to allow monitoring exposure and prevent future health impacts. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were considered as priority substances to be studied within the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to generate knowledge on internal exposure and their potential health impacts.
  • 347
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mitigation of Cadmium Toxicity
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of public health significance worldwide. Diet is the main Cd exposure source in the non-occupationally exposed and non-smoking populations. Metal transporters for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) are involved in the assimilation and distribution of Cd to cells throughout the body. Due to an extremely slow elimination rate, most Cd is retained by cells, where it exerts toxicity through its interaction with sulfur-containing ligands, notably the thiol (-SH) functional group of cysteine, glutathione, and many Zn-dependent enzymes and transcription factors. The simultaneous induction of heme oxygenase-1 and the metal-binding protein metallothionein by Cd adversely affected the cellular redox state and caused the dysregulation of Fe, Zn, and copper. Experimental data indicate that Cd causes mitochondrial dysfunction via disrupting the metal homeostasis of this organelle. 
  • 346
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Role of IMs for Evaluation of DW Safety
Water safety and quality are essential for human development, well-being, and ecosystem health. Ensuring access to safe water is one of the most effective measures to promote health and reduce poverty. The contamination level of raw water directly influences the efficiency of drinking water (DW) treatment, subsequently impacting the quality of the produced DW. The microbiological quality assessment of DW and drinking water sources (DWSs) is based on the detection of indicator microorganisms (IMs). However, the relationship between IMs and pathogens has been questioned, as pathogens have been detected even in the absence of IMs, and vice versa.
  • 345
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Psychometric Properties of Suboptimal Health Status Instruments
Suboptimal health status (SHS) measurement has now been recognized as an essential construct in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Currently, there are limited tools, and an ongoing debate about appropriate tools.
  • 342
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Food Regimes on Oxidative Stress
The existence of significant differences between two dietary regimes (omnivorous vs. semi-vegetarian) with reference to some oxidative stress markers (SOD, GPx, TRxR, GR, AGEs, and AOPPs) using non-parametric combination methodology based on a permutation test.
  • 342
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Composition of Dental Waste
Dental waste can be broadly divided into three categories: infectious waste, non-infectious waste, and domestic-type waste. Infectious waste contains materials contaminated with blood or other infectious mouth fluids, amalgam, and sharps, whereas non-infectious dental waste is devoid of human fluid contamination but can be potentially toxic due to the presence of amalgams, acids, metal dust, resins, etc. Suspended particulates in dental wastewater are another likely source of contamination. Appropriate segregation of this waste is essential for containing infections during waste processing. New-generation dental materials, such as nanomaterials, resin-based composites, and ceramics, are finding increasing applications in a variety of dental procedures as antimicrobial, restorative, and therapeutic agents. While incineration and landfilling have been used for processing traditional dental waste, the presence of novel materials in dental waste raises several additional concerns. Novel single/multistage recycling approaches need to be developed for dental waste towards resource recovery, thus minimizing incineration and landfilling to the extent possible.
  • 336
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Stakeholders in Antimicrobial Resistance
The increasing misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and in agroecosystems and the consequent selective pressure of resistant strains lead to multidrug resistance (AMR), an expanding global phenomenon. This phenomenon represents a major public health target with significant clinical implications related to increased morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospital stays. 
  • 334
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Preterm Birth and Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are defined by the Endocrine Society as “exogenous chemicals, or mixtures of chemicals, that interfere with any aspect of hormone action.” They are often widely present in many communities and can alter various hormonal processes in the body.  Preterm birth (PTB) is a problem of international concern, as it is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years old, and the frequency is increasing in countries with reliable data
  • 333
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Physical Activity in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic alteration in humans, resulting from the trisomy of chromosome 21. Individuals with DS are characterized by physical traits and limitations related to intellectual functioning and the development of motor skills. People with DS tend to have lower levels of physical activity (PA) than the general population, despite its benefits for health and quality of life, which could be caused by barriers such as the lack of adapted programs or knowledge on how to adapt them. 
  • 330
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants
Unlike other secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds are found in almost all plant cells. They hold functional significance not at the cell level, but at the level of the whole plant. The central enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) is inducible: due to the induction of the expression of coding genes, its activity increases sharply under the influence of stress factors. 
  • 329
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Traditional Meat Products
Traditional meat products are commonly produced in small family businesses. However, big industries are also involved in the production of this kind of product, especially since a growing number of consumers crave the traditional taste and aromas. The popularization of original and organic products has resulted in a return to traditional production methods. Traditional meat products are produced worldwide. However, in such (domesticated) conditions there is a potential danger for mycotoxin contamination. 
  • 329
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Green Dental Environmentalism
In every workplace, human sustainability is closely connected to the quality of establishments, the accessibility of green and blue spaces, and safety In dentistry, as in other fields, the physical setting is linked to an employee’s ability to physically engage with the workplace. A healthy dental workplace atmosphere positively influences individual employees’ behavior, enthusiasm, creativity, motivation, and efficiency, and, on the other hand, their desire to quit.
  • 326
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Health of Healthcare Professionals in Oncology
From the analysis of the scientific literature relating to the health of oncological patients, the need to consider the global dimension of health of individuals emerges, which subsumes the bodily dimension and involves all the actors who offer their contribution to it in different ways. In this direction, the state of the art of the health construct offered by healthcare professionals highlights a lack of scientific contributions to the specific subject although these professionals are fundamental figures in oncological diagnosis setups. A in the oncological field studied the competencies of patients and caregivers in the management of the implications of surgery: it emerged that oncological treatments have effects on all aspects of life; thus, the roles in an oncological situation need to develop new competencies in order to preserve life quality.
  • 324
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Training for Food Handlers in Italian Regions
Food safety has always been a public health challenge. Globally, food safety control is supported by laws and preventive measures, such as inspections conducted from primary production to market, “from farm to fork” as emphasized by the European Union and training of Food Handlers (FHs). This latter preventive measure plays a very important role, and for this reason a review of training courses regulations provided in the different Italian regions was conducted. 
  • 324
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ecological Factors of VE Popularity Speed in West-Africa
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, often caused by an autoimmune reaction, or in most cases because of a direct viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. Viral encephalitides (VE) presents a significant public health concern globally, especially in West Africa. There are more than five hundred known arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), with over a hundred of them identified to cause encephalitic diseases in humans and animals, giving rise to a tremendous burden of the diseases and socioeconomic strains in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. 
  • 318
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Self-Testing to Reduce HIV in Transgender Women
So far, the rate of HIV-positive people who do not know their sero-status is about 14% and the percentage is higher among transgender women (TGW). They represent one of the most vulnerable groups to infection. HIV self-testing (HIVST) may be a way to reduce transmission of the virus. 
  • 313
  • 10 Aug 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 20
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback