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Topic Review
Polymer-Based Wound Dressing Materials Loaded with Bioactive Agents
Wound dressing materials based on polymers have attracted much attention in the management of chronic wounds, especially diabetic injuries. Improper treatment of diabetic wounds usually results in amputations. The shortcomings that are related to the currently used wound dressings include poor antimicrobial properties, inability to provide moisture, weak mechanical features, poor biodegradability, and biocompatibility, etc. To overcome the poor mechanical properties, polymer-based wound dressings have been designed from the combination of biopolymers (natural polymers) (e.g., chitosan, alginate, cellulose, chitin, gelatin, etc.) and synthetic polymers (e.g., poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), polylactide, poly-glycolic acid, polyurethanes, etc.) to produce effective hybrid scaffolds for wound management. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Using Nanoparticles in Local Delivery to Cochlea
Hearing loss negatively impacts the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Systemic delivery of ototherapeutics has limited efficacy due to severe systemic side effects and the presence of the blood–labyrinth barrier that selectively limits or enables transfer of molecules between plasma and inner ear tissues and fluids. Local drug delivery into the middle and inner ear would be preferable for many newly emerging classes of drugs. Although the cochlea is a challenging target for drug delivery, recent technologies could provide a safe and efficacious delivery of ototherapeutics. Local drug delivery routes include topical delivery via the external auditory meatus, retroauricular, transtympanic, and intracochlear delivery. 
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Enhancing Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutic Delivery with DG9
Antisense oligonucleotide-based (ASO) therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of human disorders. Charge-neutral phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) have promising biological and pharmacological properties for antisense applications. Despite their great potential, the efficient delivery of these therapeutic agents to target cells remains a major obstacle to their widespread use. Cellular uptake of naked PMO is poor. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) appear as a possibility to increase the cellular uptake and intracellular delivery of oligonucleotide-based drugs. Among these, the DG9 peptide has been identified as a versatile CPP with remarkable potential for enhancing the delivery of ASO-based therapeutics due to its unique structural features. Notably, in the context of PMOs, DG9 has shown promise in enhancing delivery while maintaining a favorable toxicity profile. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Pre-Diabetic Biomarkers Identification in Progression of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue. The development of T2DM is gradual and preceded by the pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) stage, which often remains undiagnosed.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
PARK7/DJ-1 in Gut-Brain Axis Diseases
Parkinson’s disease 7 (PARK7/DJ-1) is a multifunctional protein whose protective role has been widely demonstrated in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, AD, or ischemic stroke. Recent studies also revealed the importance of PARK7/DJ-1 in the maintenance of the gut microbiome and also in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. All these findings suggest that PARK7/DJ-1 may be a link and also a potential therapeutic target in gut and brain diseases.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Various Adeno-Associated Viruses Serotypes in Gene Therapy
Depending on their serotype, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) can have specific tropism for specific organs and tissues of the body. There are different AAV serotypes that vary in many aspects. A variety of AAV features have made it an appealing viral vector candidate to be used in gene therapy applications. 
  • 1.0K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Structural Characteristics, Classification, and Nomenclature of Glycosphingolipids
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a glycolipid subtype which plays vital roles in numerous biological processes, cell–cell interactions, as well as oncogenesis and ontogenesis. They are ubiquitous molecules found mostly in cell membranes.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Potential Inflammatory Biomarker of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that can diminish the quality of life of both children and adults in academic, occupational, and social contexts. The kynurenine pathway (KP) contains a set of enzymatic reactions involved in tryptophan (TRP) degradation. It is known to be associated with the risk of developing ADHD.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Clinical and Experimental Studies of TTFields on Glioblastomas
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Although the standard of care, including maximal resection, concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), and adjuvant TMZ, has largely improved the prognosis of these patients, the 5-year survival rate is still < 10%. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields), a noninvasive and innovative therapeutic approach, has emerged as the fourth most effective treatment option for the management of this most deadly brain cancer.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Fusion Imaging in Thermal Ablations
Thermal ablation (TA) procedures are effective treatments for several kinds of cancers. In recent years, several medical imaging advancements have improved the use of image-guided TA.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sympathetic Regulation in Normal Wound Healing
Sympathetic mediators could constrict arteries in the skin to prevent excessive blood loss. In intact skin around the wound, sympathetic fibers are crucial in maintaining physical properties of the skin. Without normal regulation, sweating skin can become dry and vulnerable to infections.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Melatonin and Its Effects on the Human Body
Melatonin is the main hormone that regulates the sleep cycle, and it is mostly produced by the pineal gland from the amino acid tryptophan. It has cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Melatonin is also one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, directly acting on free radicals and the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system. Furthermore, it participates in antitumor activity, hypopigmentation processes in hyperpigmentary disorders, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activity in inflammatory dermatoses, maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier and thermoregulation of the body. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring the Redox Status in Multiple Sclerosis
Worldwide, over 2.2 million people suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifactorial demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterized by a wide range of motor, autonomic, and psychobehavioral symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and dementia. The blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and postmortem brain samples of MS patients provide evidence on the disturbance of reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, such as the alterations of oxidative and antioxidative enzyme activities and the presence of degradation products. 
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Malnutrition/Cachexia/Sarcopenia in Oncology
Malnutrition is a frequent hallmark of cancer patients, resulting in unintentional weight loss due to a lack of intake or uptake of nutrients. This condition has a definitive impact on several aspects of cancer treatment and outcome: reducing treatment intensity, increasing treatment toxicities, worsening patients’ quality of life, and ultimately jeopardizing their survival. Malnutrition is present with the diagnosis of cancer in about 15–40% of cases and this incidence increases during treatment, characterizing 40–80% of the patients in this phase. Malnutrition increases the risk of toxicity, worsens quality of life, and decreases patients’ functionality. Moreover, it is strictly linked to sarcopenia in that it worsens muscle function, causing a decrease in lean body mass and muscle performance. Weight loss and loss of skeletal muscle mass are two hallmarks of cancer cachexia, a well-known, gradual, and irreversible process in advanced cancer patients.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Guidelines of Animal Models for Platelet-Rich Fibrin Production
Conducting experimental research is crucial in advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes. This includes preclinical assessments such as in vitro and in vivo studies. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a blood by-product, has garnered attention in the medical and dental fields due to its potential for tissue regeneration and wound healing. Animal models, such as rabbits and rats, have been utilized to create PRF and investigate its properties and applications. PRF has shown promise in reducing inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and expediting wound healing in the dental and medical fields.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy
Diabetic foot (DF) is a long-term diabetes complication that can increase morbidity and mortality in addition to affecting mobility and the overall well-being of patients. In particular, the DF has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis that makes it difficult to prevent and treat. In this sense, it is well known that the prevention and treatment of DF disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Physical activity has always been considered a potential pillar in the prevention of DFD. More recently, it has been reported, that physical activity can contribute in the wound healing phase. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear and definitive evidence on the role that protocols of physical activity can play in the treatment of patients at risk or with DFD. In order to pursue this objective, it is important to standardize exercise training protocols for the prevention or treatment of these patients. Moreover, it is now possible to organize innovative methods of conducting, monitoring and analysing physical activity performed by patients, even remotely.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Dependent Translation Dysregulation-Related Diseases
Internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation is an alternative mechanism of translation initiation, known for maintaining protein synthesis when canonical translation is impaired. During a stress response, it contributes to cell reprogramming and adaptation to the new environment. 
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Immune Microenvironment in AML
Acute myeloid leukemia is a life-threatening malignant disorder arising in a complex and dysregulated microenvironment that, in part, promotes the leukemogenesis. Treatment of relapsed and refractory AML, despite the current overall success rates in management of pediatric AML, remains a challenge with limited options considering the heavy but unsuccessful pretreatments in these patients.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Murine Animal Models in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as “brittle bone disease”, is a rare genetic disorder that encompasses a group of conditions affecting the connective tissue. It is characterized by a decreased bone-mineral-density (BMD) alongside increased susceptibility to bone fractures, due to an abnormality in the synthesis and/or processing of the main protein of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM), the type I collagen molecule. In approximately 85% of cases, it is caused by mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, encoding the α1 (I) and α2 (I) chains of type I collagen, respectively. In the remainder of the cases, mutations in up to 19 different genes related to type I collagen synthesis or processing have been identified. All these mutations contribute to two types of collagen I defects; quantitative (based on the reduction of type I collagen expression) and qualitative (structural alterations of the collagen I molecule). In addition to the genetic heterogeneity, OI exhibits clinical heterogeneity, mainly governed by the mutated gene, the type of mutation, the position of the mutation along the gene and the genetic background of the patient. Hence, genetic heterogeneity is translated into clinical phenotypes that range from mild (barely affected) associated with quantitative defects, to severe forms (qualitative ones), that in some cases (in the most severe phenotypes) result in perinatal mortality.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Adductomics in Chemically
Adductomics is a transformative biomedical research tool that uses an "omic" approach to characterize and quantify exogenous and endogenous reactive compounds to which an individual is exposed; the use of compound-specific adduct biomarkers. Exposure to chemicals is generally driven by a variety of factors such as environment, genetics and lifestyle, which are characterized by a high level of interpersonal variability and contain a life element that makes it unique to each individual.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2021
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