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Topic Review
Product Engineering Modelling in Aesthetic Design Education
By progressively embracing the general principles of integrated, parametric, interdisciplinary design that considers the manufacturing elements of the imagined product, the modern aesthetic designer is called upon to broaden their knowledge and abilities. Especially when there is a need to produce complex shapes, when cost-effective, there are also numerous 3D printing technologies available today, to be used both in the conceptual phase (prototyping) and for actual production.
  • 682
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing
The manufacturing industry often faces challenges related to customer satisfaction, system degradation, product sustainability, inventory, and operation management. If not addressed, these challenges can be substantially harmful and costly for the sustainability of manufacturing plants. Paradigms, e.g., Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, provide effective and innovative solutions, aiming at managing manufacturing operations, and controlling the quality of completed goods offered to the customers.
  • 679
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Manufacturing of Pure Cu Parts
Copper, due to its high thermal and electrical conductivity, is used extensively in many industries such as electronics, aerospace, etc. 
  • 674
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals and Complex Alloys
With the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) as one of the promising platforms to realize the needs for digital manufacturing, the deployment of AM a.k.a. 3D printing has experienced a consistent growth across industries from healthcare to energy to defense, to name a few. In AM, a material is fused layer-by-layer in accord with a computer-aided design (CAD) model to achieve a near net-shaped specimen. Amongst the several benefits over the conventional manufacturing processes (such as casting, forging, machining, etc.), AM eliminates the need for tools or dyes and, in a few cases, assembly to make a component. AM is generally classified into several techniques, stereolithography (SLA), powder bed fusion (PBF), direct energy deposition (DED), and material jetting, to list a few. Amongst them, metal AM techniques are particularly intriguing owing to their capabilities in fabricating multicomponent alloy parts; on the other hand, metal AM does need to overcome deep technical challenges associated with the complex solidification cycles and the resultant residual stresses. Nonetheless, products resulting from certain AM processes have demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to their conventionally processed counterparts.
  • 670
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Design for High-Entropy Alloys
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted worldwide interest due to their excellent properties and vast compositional space for design. However, obtaining HEAs with low density and high properties through experimental trial-and-error methods results in low efficiency and high costs. Although high-throughput calculation (HTC) improves the design efficiency of HEAs, the accuracy of prediction is limited owing to the indirect correlation between the theoretical calculation values and performances. Machine learning (ML) from real data has attracted increasing attention to assist in material design, which is closely related to performance. 
  • 656
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Thermoelasticity of Injection-Molded Parts
In the realm of injection-molded parts, small length scale deformation defects such as sink marks often pose a major challenge to the aesthetics or functionality of the parts.
  • 655
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Industrial Drying Hopper Operations
The advancement of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing has made a large amount of industrial process data attainable with the use of sensors installed on machines. This stands true for Industrial Dryer Hoppers, which are used for most polymer manufacturing processes. Insights derived via AI from the collected data allow for improved processes and operations.
  • 655
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Contact Temperature Measurements on Hybrid Aluminum–Steel Workpieces
The Collaborative Research Center 1153 is investigating a novel process chain for manufacturing high-performance hybrid components. The combination of aluminum and steel can reduce the weight of components and lead to lower fuel consumption. During the welding of aluminum and steel, a brittle intermetallic phase is formed that reduces the service life of the component. After welding, the workpiece is heated inhomogeneously and hot-formed in a cross-wedge rolling process. Since the intermetallic phase grows depending on the temperature during hot forming, temperature control is of great importance.
  • 641
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Selective Laser Melting and Spark Plasma Sintering Combination
Achieving lightweight, high-strength, and biocompatible composites is a crucial objective in the field of tissue engineering. Intricate porous metallic structures, such as lattices, scaffolds, or triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs), created via the selective laser melting (SLM) technique, are utilized as load-bearing matrices for filled ceramics. The primary metal alloys in this category are titanium-based Ti6Al4V and iron-based 316L, which can have either a uniform cell or a gradient structure. Well-known ceramics used in biomaterial applications include titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), hydroxyapatite (HA), wollastonite (W), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). To fill the structures fabricated by SLM, an appropriate ceramic is employed through the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, making them suitable for in vitro or in vivo applications following minor post-processing. The combined SLM-SPS approach offers advantages, such as rapid design and prototyping, as well as assured densification and consolidation, although challenges persist in terms of large-scale structure and molding design. The individual or combined application of SLM and SPS processes can be implemented based on the specific requirements for fabricated sample size, shape complexity, densification, and mass productivity.
  • 637
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Industry 5.0 Concepts
Although the concept of Industry 5.0 is relatively new, companies from developed countries that have a high level of implementation of Industry 4.0 have already started the transition to Industry 5.0. Even though Industry 5.0 enables developing countries to become a part of developed countries’ value chains, it is not known which path to Industry 5.0 developing countries are taking. 
  • 633
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Production and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Chiral Elements
For material characterization and understanding the material behavior of EBM printed parts, tensile and three-point flexural tests are conducted. Log signals produced during the EBM process are investigated to confirm the stability of the process and the health of the produced parts. Furthermore, a compressive cyclic load profile is applied to the EBM printed chiral units having two different thicknesses to track their Poisson's ratios and displacement limits under large displacements without the formation of degradation, permanent deformations and failures. Chiral units are also crushed to investigate the effect of failure and deformation mechanisms on the energy absorption characteristics. Moreover, a surface roughness study is conducted due to the high surface roughness of EBM printed parts and an equation is offered to define load-carrying effective areas to prevent misleading cross-section measurements. In compliance with the equation and tensile test results, a constitutive equation is formed and used after a selection and calibration process to verify the numerical model for optimum topology design and mechanical performance forecasting using a non-linear computational model with failure analysis. As a result, the cyclic compression and crush numerical analyses of EBM printed Ti6Al4V chiral cells are validated with the experimental results. It is shown that the constitutive equation of EBM printed as-built parts is extracted accurately considering the build orientation and surface roughness profile. Besides, the cyclic compressive and crush behavior of chiral units are investigated. The regions of the chiral units prone to prematurely fail under crush loads are determined and deformation modes are investigated to increase the energy absorption abilities.
  • 631
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Based on Machine Learning
Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) plays a vital role in preventative maintenance (PM) for Industry 4.0, which can reduce downtime, improve overall system efficiency, decrease maintenance costs, enhance reliability, and extend the lifespan of machinery, as well as help to optimise operations and make informed decisions. Data-driven approaches based on deep learning (DL) have been widely accepted for IFD in smart manufacturing. Meanwhile, various deep neural network (DNN) architectures have been utilised and developed in the field of IFD. 
  • 624
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Data Science for Industry 4.0 and Sustainability
The industrial, scientific, and technological fields have been subject to a revolutionary process of digitalization and automation called Industry 4.0. Its implementation has been successful mainly in the economic field of sustainability, while the environmental field has been gaining more attention from researchers. 
  • 624
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Offline Feed-Rate Scheduling Method
Feed-rate scheduling is also known as feed-rate optimization. It is a machining program modification process that does not change the machining track of the part but adjusts the feed rate at different positions as required.
  • 618
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Assembly Sequence Planning for Wind Turbines
There are various forms of assembly data sources for wind turbines, which contributes to the lack of a unified and standardized expression. Moreover, the reusability of historical assembly data is low, which leads to the poor reasoning ability of a new product assembly sequence.
  • 585
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Manufacturing Process with Additive Manufacturing
Due to their versatile advantages, the use of additively manufactured components is growing. In addition, new additive manufacturing processes are constantly being developed, so that a wide range of printing processes are now available for metal. Despite the same starting material, the microstructure and thus also the final mechanical properties differ greatly compared to conventional processes. In most cases, only direction-dependent characteristic values from the uniaxial tension are used to qualify a printing process before it is used. The literature, on the other hand, demonstrates that the results are not transferable to other loading conditions.
  • 579
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Quality Control in Battery Component Manufacturing
With the current trend of outstanding electronic development, rechargeable batteries has become indispensable parts in electronic devices such as laptops, phones, and electric vehicles. In these devices, the rechargeable battery is the most important part that affects the speed, price, and performance of the device. Furthermore, the rechargeable battery also affects the safety and potential risk of using the devices. In order to create quality rechargeable battery products and minimize risks such as potential explosions, the quality of each part of the rechargeable battery must be ensured during the production process. Among these components are fastening parts used in battery assembly.
  • 576
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Solid-SSolid-State Welding Methods
With the continuous improvement of lightweight requirements, the preparation of Mg/Al composite structures by welding is in urgent demand and has broad prospective applications in the industrial field. However, it is easy to form a large number of brittle intermetallic compounds when welding Mg/Al dissimilar alloys, and it is difficult to obtain high-quality welded joints. The solid-state welding method has the characteristics of low energy input and high efficiency, which can inhibit the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and help to solve the problem of the poor strength of welded joints using Mg/Al dissimilar alloys in engineering applications.
  • 544
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carrageenan in Biodegradable Force Sensors Development
Biodegradable force sensors are a specific type of technology designed to be environmentally friendly and capable of naturally degrading over time. These sensors are typically made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials, allowing them to break down and dissolve into nontoxic components when exposed to specific environmental conditions. Flexible biodegradable force sensors find applications in various fields where temporary force monitoring or sensing is needed, for example, in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, or agricultural applications. Like most flexible sensors, they can also be used in medical implants or wearable devices to monitor the forces applied during rehabilitation or assistive activities.
  • 539
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Robot Crowd Navigation
There has been a considerable surge in the deployment of assistive robots across various settings such as rehabilitation centers, offices, hotels, and airports. Ensuring safe and efficient navigation in crowded environments is a critical goal for assistive robots.
  • 512
  • 15 Dec 2023
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