Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Grain Quality On-Farm
Grains intended for human consumption or feedstock are typically high-value commodities that are marketed based on either their visual characteristics or compositional properties. The combination of visual traits, chemical composition and contaminants is generally referred to as grain quality.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Piezoelectric Materials in Analytical Chemistry
Piezoelectric energy harvesters have recently been used in a variety of applications. They are also used in analytical chemistry for the detection and determination of various substances.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hydrus (Constellation)
Hydrus is a small and faint constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. It is named after the Latin word for "male water snake" and is often depicted as a water snake winding its way through the southern skies. 
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis
Magnetic nanoparticles gained considerable attention in last few years due to their remarkable properties. Superparamaganetism, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, chemical inertness, and environmental friendliness are some of the properties that make iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) an ideal choice for biomedical applications. Along with being easily tuneable and a tailored surface for conjugation of IONPs, their physio-chemical and biological properties can also be varied by modifying the basic parameters for synthesis that enhances the additional possibilities for designing novel magnetic nanomaterial for theranostic applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Pneumococcal Vaccination during COVID-19
The emergence of new viral infections has increased over the decades. The novel virus is one such pathogen liable for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, popularly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most fatalities during the past century’s influenza pandemics have cooperated with bacterial co/secondary infections. Unfortunately, many reports have claimed that bacterial co-infection is also predominant in COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 associated co/secondary infection prevalence is up to 45.0%). In the COVID-19 pandemic, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common coinfecting pathogen. Half of the COVID-19 mortality cases showed co-infection, and pneumonia-related COVID-19 mortality in patients >65 years was 23%. The weakening of immune function caused by COVID-19 remains a high-risk factor for pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal disease and COVID-19 also have similar risk factors. For example, underlying medical conditions on COVID-19 and pneumococcal diseases increase the risk for severe illness at any age; COVID-19 is now considered a primary risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease. Thus, pneumococcal vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic has become more critical than ever. 
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Securing Internet of Things Applications Using Key Management
The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged when everyday objects began connecting to the Internet and interacting with each other autonomously without human intervention. IoT devices follow the IEEE 802.15.4 standard to enable network connectivity for resource-constrained devices using short-range, lightweight communication protocols.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Filmmaking Education and Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed remarkable advancements, revolutionizing various industries and domains, including education. From intelligent algorithms in the financial sector to diagnostic tools in healthcare and autonomous vehicles in transportation, artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated immense potential across various domains. However, despite its remarkable strides in many fields, the application of AI in the realm of education has lagged behind. Its full potential in the field of filmmaking education remains largely untapped. 
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Urban Green Infrastructure for Thermal Comfort
The elements of urban green infrastructure (UGI), such as green roofs, green walls, and green facades, represent a natural base solution to break the vicious cycle by providing thermal comfort to urban residents without placing an additional burden in terms of urbanization and global warming. Integrating UGI into urban design can improve the urban microclimate, achieve energy-demand savings, and create temperate outdoor spaces. Studies show that UGI is effective for controlling UHI and improving air quality; it leads to positive health effects by reducing asthma, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, obesity, and circulatory disease. The indirect positive health impacts associated with socio-economic factors include child cognitive development, elderly longevity, and strengthened immunity. The incorporation of UGI in urban design can help cities to tackle the challenges of limited access to resources and a lack of green space due to urban development, but the success of UGI implantation requires input from the city authorities, businesses, and other institutions, working together to investigate different options to adapt a variety of urban spaces.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Therapies for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer
In this Review Article, we discuss the molecular landscape of thyroid cancer and the published and ongoing clinical studies focused on targeted therapies for advanced thyroid cancer. This article serves as a concise resource with up to date literature about this rapidly evolving field.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Methyl Benzoate
Benzoates (naturally occurring plant toxins) produce pesticidal effects on various pest insects and mites, but their effects on non-target insects are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of methyl benzoate (MB) to adults of the generalist predatory bug Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae).To assess lethal effects, N. tenuis was exposed to plant surfaces treated with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% MB, as well as negative and positive controls (water and the neonicotinoid acetamiprid, respectively). Exposure to 1% MB resulted in the highest corrected mortality of 17.8% and 13.3% under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Thus, 1% MB can be classified as harmless to N. tenuis according to the International Organization for Biological Control rating scheme. At the sublethal level, MB exposure did not significantly affect the consumption of eggs of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci by N. tenuis relative to negative control feeding rates. In contrast, acetamiprid at the manufacturer’s recommended concentration reduced N. tenuis feeding activity by 45.4%. Furthermore, in a Y-tube olfactometer assay, there were no significant differences between the olfactory responses of N. tenuis to MB concentrations and the negative control (water). This study, therefore, suggests that MB could be used safely for pest control in combination with N. tenuis.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Dopamine D3 Receptor Heteromerization
The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (D3R) plays a pivotal role in the control of several functions, including motor activity, rewarding and motivating behavior and several aspects of cognitive functions. Recently, it has been reported that the D3R is also involved in the regulation of neuronal development, in promoting structural plasticity and in triggering key intracellular events with neuroprotective potential. A new role for D3R-dependent neurotransmission has thus been proposed both in preserving DA neuron homeostasis in physiological conditions and in preventing pathological alterations that may lead to neurodegeneration. Interestingly, there is evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) located on DA neurons also provide neurotrophic support to DA neurons, an effect requiring functional D3R and suggesting the existence of a positive cross-talk between these receptor systems. Increasing evidence suggests that, as with the majority of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), the D3R directly interacts with other receptors to form new receptor heteromers with unique functional and pharmacological properties. Among them, we recently identified a receptor heteromer containing the nAChR and the D3R as the molecular effector of nicotine-mediated neurotrophic effects.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Bluetongue Virus Vector Vaccines
In this work, we show a deep revision of the viral vector vaccines that have been developed to counteract bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne disease that whips domestic and wild ruminants. We analyzed the main advantages and disadvantages of every of them, as well as the immunological features and efficacy that these candidates provided in both murine models and natural hosts.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Trinuclear NiII-LnIII-NiII Complexes
This entry summarizes the structural characteristics and magnetic properties of trinuclear complexes containing the NiII-LnIII-NiII moiety. The ligands used are mainly polydentate Schiff base ligands and reduced Schiff base ligands and, in some cases, oximato, β-diketonato, pyridyl ketone ligands and others. The compounds reported are restricted to those containing one, two and three oxygen atoms as bridges between the metal ions; examples of carboxylato and oximato bridging are also included due to structural similarity. The magnetic properties of the complexes range from ferro- to antiferromagnetic depending on the nature of the lanthanide ion.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Invasive Mold Infections
Invasive mold infections are increasingly recognized in immunocompromised hosts. Current diagnostic techniques are limited by low sensitivity and prolonged turnaround times.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Myeloid Malignancies
Myeloid malignancies present with a distinct metabolomic signature. Targeting metabolic pathways has become a potent therapeutic strategy for this group of disorders. The biological basis of this approach resides in the metabolic regulation of normal hematopoiesis and their alterations. 
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
ARHGAP11B
ARHGAP11B is a human-specific gene that likely played a crucial role in human neocortex evolution by inducing hallmarks of cortical expansion. In contrast to its ancestral paralog, ARHGAP11A, ARHGAP11B does not act as a Rho GTPase Activating Protein in the nucleus but is localized in mitochondria and increases glutaminolysis. This increase is a prerequisite for increased basal progenitor proliferation – one essential basis for cortical expansion.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
Global beef production must increase in the next decades to meet the demands of a growing population, while promoting sustainable use of limited natural resources. Supplementing beef cattle with omega-6 fatty acids (FAs) is a nutritional approach shown to enhance production efficiency, with research conducted across different environments and sectors of the beef industry. Omega-6 FA from natural feed ingredients such as soybean oil are highly susceptible to ruminal biohydrogenation. Hence, our and other research groups have used soybean oil in the form of Ca soaps (CSSO) to lessen ruminal biohydrogenation, and maximize delivery of omega-6 FA to the duodenum for absorption. In cow–calf systems, omega-6 FA supplementation to beef cows improved pregnancy success by promoting the establishment of early pregnancy. Cows receiving omega-6 FA during late gestation gave birth to calves that were healthier and more efficient in the feedlot, suggesting the potential role of omega-6 FA on developmental programming. Supplementing omega-6 FA to young cattle also elicited programming effects toward improved adipogenesis and carcass quality, and improved calf immunocompetence upon a stress stimulus. Cattle supplemented with omega-6 FA during growing or finishing periods also experienced improved performance and carcass quality. All these research results were generated using cattle of different genetic composition (Bos taurus and B. indicus influenced), and in different environments (tropical, subtropical, and temperate region). Hence, supplementing omega-6 FA via CSSO is a sustainable approach to enhance the production efficiency of beef industries across different areas of the world. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor (TATI)
TATI, also known as pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) or serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal 1 type (SPINK1), is a trypsin inhibitor that functions mainly in the pancreas, where it serves as a suppressor of premature trypsinogen activation.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Human Radiosensitivity, Radiosusceptibility and Radiodegeneration
The individual response to ionizing radiation may show several clinical features such as skin burns, cancers or cataracts, according the tissue type, the genetic status or the dose. To avoid any confusion with a non-univocal way of using the term “radiosensitivity”, we have proposed the following definitions :  - “Radiosensitivity is the proneness to the radiation-induced adverse tissue events generally attributable to cell death that is correlated with unrepaired DNA damage.  -“Radiosusceptibilty” is the proneness to the radiation-induced cancers generally attributable to cell transformation that is correlated with misrepaired DNA damage. -"Radiodegeneration" is the proneness to radiation-induced non-cancer effects attributable to mechanisms related to accelerated aging that is correlated with the accumulation of tolerated unrepaired DNA damage.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jul 2021
Topic Review
PDT
PDT has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and Actinic Keratoses, as well as age-related macular degeneration. Clinical trials have also demonstrated PDT efficacy for mesothelioma, prostate, bladder, brain cancer, and head and neck cancers as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In many cases, photosensitizing agents are also used off label with noted successes by clinicians who are comfortable with photomedicine and laser light delivery.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Sep 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 2729
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback