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Topic Review
Self-Propelled Rotary Carbide Tool
Demanding materials like hardened steel confront issues during machining owing to their poor heat conductivity, resulting in focalized high temperatures. This issue has a substantial impact on tool life because it causes an elevated incidence of tool wear, which lowers machining quality and yield. The chemical interaction of difficult-to-cut materials with tool materials culminates in tool failure that is sudden and unexpected, as well as a poor surface finish.
  • 784
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Concentrated Solar Power Technology
The modernization, efficiency, and decarbonization of the energy supply systems are among the new challenges to be faced in the coming decades to achieve the targets and objectives dictated by European strategic policies. Despite the countless benefits related to renewable energy sources (RES) integration, this brings key challenges to the power system, such as the risk of imbalance between energy generation and demand, sudden changes in flows in transmission lines with a need for expensive and time-consuming upgrades, and the withdrawal of conventional generation systems with consequent demands for new solutions and innovation to support grid services. A potential solution to limit the huge intermittence and fluctuation in power generation from RES is Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology integrated with thermal energy storage. 
  • 783
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Aircraft Boarding Strategies
The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) has been a source of concern for airlines regarding safe flight environments. The main reason is that infected people may experience no symptoms. Nevertheless, they may have high viral loads and spread the disease. To ensure the safety of passengers concerning virus propagation, such as COVID-19, and keep the turnaround time at low levels, airlines should seek efficient aircraft boarding strategies in terms of both physical distancing and boarding times.
  • 777
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Photovoltaic Distributed Generators with an Energy Storage System
Disruptive events, such as the winter storm of 2021 that left 40 million people in the U.S. without power, have revealed the potential danger of societal dependence on centralized energy sources. Localized energy grids (called microgrids (MGs)) can help add energy reliability and independence by using distributed generators (DGs) with photovoltaic (PV) energy sources and energy storage systems (ESSs). Such MGs can independently energize critical energy demand nodes (DNs) when isolated from the primary grid with renewable energy. The optimal sizes and assignments of PVDG/ESS units to the DNs during outages are crucial to increasing energy reliability. 
  • 776
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Product–Service System’s Rebound Effect
A product–service system (PSS) is a concept concerning sustainability, as it offers the opportunity to decouple economic success from material consumption, thereby reducing the environmental impact of economic activities. However, researchers have identified significant barriers frequently impeding sustainability potential, which are called rebound effects.
  • 774
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Smart Sensors
Sensors play a crucial role in Industry 4.0 by enabling machines to collect and analyze data in real time, which can be used to improve production processes and increase efficiency. Smart sensors can monitor a variety of parameters in an electric motor, such as temperature, vibration, and electric tension, providing valuable insight into its performance and condition. These data can be used to identify potential issues before they escalate, reducing downtime and increasing productivity.
  • 768
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Framework for the Strategic Adoption of Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 readiness is how readily organizations can use fourth industrial revolution technologies. Industry 4.0 development changes the management of business operations and leads to new strategic thinking. New business strategies are accompanied by new business models.
  • 760
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
May 28: Founding of Volkswagen
On May 28, 1937, the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF) established the company Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH ("Company for the Preparation of the German People's Car Ltd.") in Berlin. This entity was later renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH in 1938. The company's founding marked the beginning of what would become Volkswagen, a prominent global automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Germany .
  • 759
  • 27 May 2025
Topic Review
Environmental Risk Assessment and Management in Industry 4.0
According to the International Labour Organization, occupational injury is a personal injury, disease, or death that results from an occupational accident. Occupational accidents, in turn, are unexpected occurrences, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work and resulting in one or more workers incurring personal injury, disease, or death. Occupational diseases are acquired through personal exposure to environmental risks, such as physical, chemical, and biological agents in situations above the tolerance limits imposed by legislation or applicable standards. These diseases are caused or aggravated by specific activities, and are characterized when the causal link is established. between damage to the worker’s health and exposure to certain work-related risks. Occupational diseases occur after various years of exposure, and in some cases, they can arise even after the worker is no longer in contact with the causative agent.
  • 755
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Game Theory Models to Support Manufacturing Systems
Game theory is a branch of mathematics that studies strategic decision making in situations where multiple agents interact with each other. It provides a framework for analyzing and predicting the behavior of players in competitive and cooperative scenarios. Game theory is a powerful tool for analyzing strategic decision making in various contexts.
  • 744
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Optimization of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Utilization
The ocean is the largest reservoir of renewable energy resources on the earth, which contains huge wind, wave, tidal and current energy, and other forms of energy. Offshore wind and wave energy utilization refers to the use of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) and wave energy converters and other devices to convert wind and wave energy in the ocean into electricity, which has the advantages of being clean, efficient, and sustainable, and is one of the important directions of future energy transformation.
  • 742
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Interfacial Characteristics of 6061/AZ31B Composites in Multi-Pass Rolling
An Al 6061/Mg AZ31B composite plate with good bonding and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties was prepared through solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding (SLCRB). The microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of Al/Mg composite plates under different rolling passes were studied. The results showed that with the increase of rolling passes, the bonding layer of the composite plate was crushed, and the base material on both sides of the substrate gradually grew towards the broken part of the bonding layer. The microstructure on both sides of the substrate extended along the rolling direction and was dynamically recrystallized to a certain extent. In the Mg substrate, because the preheating temperature was higher than its recrystallization temperature, with the increase of rolling passes, the grains in Mg substrate were crystallized. When the rolling passes reached the fourth pass, complete recrystallization basically took place in the Mg substrate. 
  • 737
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Industry 5.0 Perspective on Feeding Production Lines
The emerging concept of Industry 5.0 is fostering companies to consider the three pillars of human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. How such a new perspective can be effectively declined and practically guide the introduction of new technologies is a challenge to be addressed. 
  • 734
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Human-Robot Collaboration System in Mold Assembly
Molds are still assembled manually because of frequent demand changes and the requirement for comprehensive knowledge related to their high flexibility and adaptability in operation. Human-robot collaboration (HRC) systems can be applied to improve manual mold assembly. A status recognition system based on parts, tools, and actions using a pre-trained YOLOv5 model is developed. This study improves the sustainability of the mold assembly from the point of view of human safety, with reductions in human workload and assembly time.
  • 733
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Impacts of COVID-19 on the Food Supply Chain
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted supply chains and has caused several supply chain disruptions in almost all industries worldwide. Moreover, increased transportation costs, labor shortages, and insufficient storage facilities have all led to food loss during the pandemic, and this disruption has affected the logistics in the food value chain. 
  • 731
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Supply Chain Management Barriers
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) integrates economic, social, and environmental goals within the supply chain to enhance long-term performance. It assists organizations in monitoring their performance concerning social, environmental, and economic factors to bolster sustainability.
  • 717
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Performance Assessment towards Sustainable Consumption and Production
The sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature has grown alongside the dominant discourse that economic, environmental, and social sustainability can be simultaneously achieved through practices that legitimize a win–win business case, with a focus on the potential contributions to the triple bottom line.
  • 710
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Eye-Tracking Analysis of Proposed Signage Design
The road transport system is expanding considerably in developing countries. Villages are connecting to major cities for business, education, health, and many other reasons because of road development and smooth transportation. There has been a rise in the number of road accidents observed, caused by abruptly appearing dividers on roads and a lack of required signage systems.
  • 706
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Processing Technology for WSF Sandwich Composite Plate
The dominant processing technology for the woven spacer fabric (WSF) sandwich composite plate includes preparing a composite of resin and filling of foam. This process begins with composite preparation, followed by filling, or filling first and then preparing the composite. The main difference is that the core layer in the first method is impregnated with resin, which can effectively improve the bearing capacity in the loading process, but the internal connection structure combined with the interface with foam is poor, which worsens the integrity of the plate, resulting in shear failure. The second preparation process can produce excellent integrity and good synergy between the filling material and the internal connection structure, but the carrying capacity is worse compared with that of the first preparation method. In the actual preparation process, fiber stiffness depends on the choice of the preparation method. For fiber with greater stiffness (such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber), the method of first preparing the composite and then filling is generally adopted. In contrast, for fibers with high flexibility (such as polyester fiber, aramid, and polypropylene), the method of filling first and then preparing the composite is adopted.
  • 704
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Operation Optimization of Complex Industrial Processes
The operation optimization of complex industrial processes is a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem. These problems cover industrial areas such as steel, chemicals, and energy. Specifically, they address operation optimization problems under uncertain environments in production processes, with production metrics as the optimization objectives and controllable variables as the decision variables. They consider changing factors in production processes, operational metrics, and constraints on production metrics, establishing dynamic models for solving these problems. Unlike static models, these objectives and constraints change over time, similar to how the Pareto set (PS) and Pareto front (PF) in dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs) can change over time. 
  • 702
  • 28 Jan 2024
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