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Topic Review
Geothermal Energy Reservoirs
Geothermal is a renewable energy source, but this is not as often seen as other renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, etc. Two different types of geothermal energy sources exist in the world: (1) high entropy and (2) low enthalpy geothermal energy reservoirs. Geological characteristics and local temperature are used to classify geothermal reservoirs. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Evolution of the Energy Mix Transition
Countries have started to aggressively undertake energy structure transformation strategies in order to reach the objective of carbon neutrality. Both clean and efficient coal energy use and clean energy use will be crucial to the process of changing the energy structure since the two cannot be totally replaced within a short period of time.Therefore, it is worth exploring how the two have an impact on the energy mix transition in the energy transition process. It is also important to see how carbon sentiment affects the various actors involved in the decision-making process.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Global Action on SDGs
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provided brand new goals and action targets for human well-being and development, but the COVID-19 pandemic has cast a shadow on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is therefore essential to provide a reference for making policy adjustments and transformations to promote the realization of SDGs in the post-pandemic era. Based on a literature review of the progress and policies of SDGs across countries worldwide, we find that research on sustainable policies has rapidly increased since the SDGs issued in 2015 with particular focuses on eco-environment, sustainable policies, green economy, sanitation and health, and water sanitation. Most countries are in the process of nationalization, institutionalization, and universalization of the SDGs through incorporating the SDGs into national development frameworks, enabling extensive participation and negotiation mechanisms, and promoting the SDGs’ national publicity. Countries of different economic and institutional backgrounds demonstrate divergent development pathways, priorities, measures, and progress in the implementation of SDGs. 
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
100% Renewable Energy: Concepts and Progresses
Some advanced countries’ rapid population, economic growth, and energy consumption expansion contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions. And while developed countries have achieved 100% universal access to electricity, mainly from non-renewable sources, many developing countries still lack it. This presents challenges and opportunities for achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 of generating all energy from cleaner or low-carbon sources to reduce CO2 emissions in all countries and combating climate change consequences. Renewable energies have been widely acknowledged to greatly advance this endeavour, resulting in many studies and about 30 countries already with over 70% of their national electricity mix from RE. It has birthed a new paradigm and an emerging field of 100% RE for all purposes, receiving much attention from academia and in public discourse. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Microbial Fuel Cell and Wastewater
In recent years, wastewater has been considered as a renewable resource of water, nutrients, and energy. Domestic wastewater is estimated to contain 13 kJ/g of COD of chemical energy, which is nine fold more than the energy required to treat it (Heidrich et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2018). Therefore, if its energy were effectively recovered, no external energy input would be required to operate WWTPs.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Desulfurization
Desulfurization of fuels such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene, and jet fuel has been a challenging operation and remains critical to the petrochemical industry. The main naturally occurring sulfur-containing organic compounds (SCCs) are sulfides, disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene (Th) and its derivatives (benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), 4-methylbenzothiophene (4-MBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), 3,7-dimethyldibenzothiophene (3,7-DMDBT), and 2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene (2,8-DMDBT)). The presence of these SCCs in fuels is undesirable since they create problems during refining, namely deactivation of some catalysts and corrosion of equipment. Moreover, sulfur compounds release toxic SOx and cause severe environmental problems: water and air pollution, global warming, ecological instability, as well as the harmful impact on living organisms. Many countries (USA, European Union, Japan, China and so on) have introduced strict standards to limit the content of sulfur in fuels to 10 ppm.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Combinatorial Approaches of Pressurized Liquid Extraction
Seaweeds are an underutilized food in the Western world, but they are widely consumed in Asia, with China being the world’s larger producer. Seaweeds have gained attention in the food industry because of their composition, which includes polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, dietary fiber, and various bioactive compounds such as vitamins, essential minerals, phenolic compounds, and pigments. Extraction techniques, ranging from more traditional techniques such as maceration to novel technologies, are required to obtain these components. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a green technique that uses high temperatures and pressure applied in conjunction with a solvent to extract components from a solid matrix. To improve the efficiency of this technique, different parameters such as the solvent, temperature, pressure, extraction time and number of cycles should be carefully optimized. It is important to note that PLE conditions allow for the extraction of target analytes in a short-time period while using less solvent and maintaining a high yield. Moreover, the combination of PLE with other techniques has been already applied to extract compounds from different matrices, including seaweeds. In this way, the combination of PLE-SFE-CO2 seems to be the best option considering both the higher yields obtained and the economic feasibility of a scaling-up approximation. 
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Fossil Free Future for Track Work Machinery
Fossil free future for track work machinery indicates the possibility of achieving zero direct emissions during maintenance and construction work in railways by switching to alternative drives. Current railway track work machinery is mainly operated with diesel fuel. As a result, track maintenance of Austrian Federal Railways (OeBB) amounts to nearly 9000 t CO2 equivalent per year according to calculations from Graz University of Technology. OeBB’s total length of railway lines only accounts for 0.56% of the world’s length of lines. This indicates huge potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions considering the need for track maintenance worldwide. Environmental concerns have led to the introduction of alternative drives in the transport sector.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Transnational Municipal Networks
TMNs are considered crucial in creating the framework for political actions against climate change. TMNs give cities the opportunities to directly group themselves into transnational networks active on a specific theme or objective. The recognized importance of these networks is directly linked with the key role cities play in taking actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nanomaterials as a Sustainable Choice for Treating Wastewater
The removal of dyes from textile effluents utilizing advanced wastewater treatment methods with high efficiency and low cost has received substantial attention due to the rise in pollutants in water. For the purpose of treating sewage, the special properties of nanoparticles are being carefully researched. The ability of nanomaterials to remove organic matter, fungus, and viruses from wastewater is another benefit. Nanomaterials are employed in advanced oxidation techniques to clean wastewater. Additionally, because of their small dimensions, nanoparticles have a wide effective area of contact. Due to this, nanoparticles’ adsorption and reactivity are powerful. The improvement of nanomaterial technology will be beneficial for the treatment of wastewater. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microfiber Emissions from Functionalized Textiles
Increasing textile waste collection and reuse can overall reduce the amount of landfills and possibly reduce microfiber emissions. Used textiles can be reused into industrial rags, furniture decorations, purses, backpacks, advertising textiles, and more to extend their lives.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation
Catalytic ozonation belongs to the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) because it is expected to enhance the production of hydroxyl radicals (considered as strongly oxidant agents).
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Composites: Their Carbon Footprint
A composite can be defined as a material composed of at least two major components that contribute in complementary ways to achieving desired performance attributes. The term “carbon footprint” is often used to refer to the same concerns, since the net emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is known to contribute to increases in average temperatures at ground level on the planet.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Microbial Metal Removing Strategy
Rapid industrialization has led to the pollution of soil and water by various types of contaminants. Heavy metals (HMs) are considered the most reactive toxic contaminants, even at low concentrations, which cause health problems through accumulation in the food chain and water. Remediation using conventional methods, including physical and chemical techniques, is a costly treatment process and generates toxic by-products, which may negatively affect the surrounding environment. Therefore, biosorption has attracted significant research interest in the recent decades. In contrast to existing methods, bacterial biomass offers a potential alternative for recovering toxic/persistent HMs from the environment through different mechanisms for metal ion uptake.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Development Status of CCUS in China
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) has been applied in many countries and has proven to be a key carbon-reduction technology for the future. China currently emits the most carbon, and prior research findings indicate the high potential of CCUS technology to support the country’s emission-reduction process. China introduced CCUS technology at the end of the 20th century and has since implemented a series of related policies.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review Video
Microplastics on the Environment
There has been mounting concern about the bearing of microplastics on human health and the comprehensive natural environment. These particles come from a variety of sources, such as soaps, personal care products, and the rundown of bigger plastic items. The impacts of microplastics on marine life and other ecosystems are substantial, including ingestion by marine animals, interference with their reproductive systems, and even death. The economic implications of microplastics are also significant, with industries, such as fishing and tourism being affected by the presence of microplastics in the environment.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Green Ads, Emotional Arousal and Purchase Intention
Green marketing theory explores rationales for minimizing the environmental effect of value production, as well as trade. Green marketing indicates that an organization is market-oriented and operates sustainably. Green marketing is defined as promotional activities targeted at achieving advantages by influencing customer behavior toward a company. The way consumers respond to green marketing messages is a topic that attracts significant interest. more specifically, it is interesting to investigate and comprehend the impact of emotional appeals (positive and negative) in green advertising and how they influence consumer attitudes toward green advertisements and intentions to make environmentally conscious purchases.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pre-Emptively Managing Overtourism
Overtourism is the congestion or overcrowding from an excess of tourists, resulting in conflicts with locals. The World Tourism Organization defines overtourism as "the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitor experiences in a negative way". 
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Influence of Heavy Metal
There are a multitude of sources of heavy metal pollution which have unwanted effects on this super organism, the soil, which is capable of self-regulation, but limited. Living a healthy life through the consumption of fruits and vegetables, mushrooms, edible products and by-products of animal origin, honey and bee products can sometimes turn out to be just a myth due to the contamination of the soil with heavy metals whose values, even if they are below accepted limits, are taken up by plants, reach the food chain and in the long term unbalance the homeostasis of the human organism. Plants, these miracles of nature, some with the natural ability to grow on polluted soils, others needing a little help by adding chelators or amendments, can participate in the soil detoxification of heavy metals through phytoextraction and phytostabilization.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Barriers to Port Decarbonisation
Industries worldwide are facing the urgent need to decarbonise in alignment with the goal of the Paris Agreement (PA), which aims to limit global warming. However, progress towards achieving this extremely important goal has been sluggish, and the wider maritime transport sector (ports included) is no exception. 
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2023
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