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Topic Review
Oximetry for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Scoring polysomnography for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis is a laborious, long, and costly process. Machine learning approaches, such as deep neural networks, can reduce scoring time and costs.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review Video
Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater
At a great many locations worldwide, the safety of drinking water is endangered by pollution with arsenic. Arsenic toxicity is a matter of both systems chemistry and systems biology: it is determined by complex and intertwined networks of chemical reactions in the inanimate environment, in microbes in that environment, and in the human body.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Energy efficiency is a key factor to meet the ambitious climate targets of the European Union (EU) aligned with the international policy directives. On their own, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) do not consume big amounts of energy, but taking into consideration that they represent about 99% of businesses worldwide, their cumulative energy consumption is remarkable. Even though SMEs experience several barriers in their effort to improve their energy efficiency, their contribution to the EU’s energy efficiency improvement targets is crucial through the implementation of measures to improve their energy footprint. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Forest-Based Initiatives
Research Highlights: This review gives an overview of existing literature on the emerging topic of human wellbeing-forest contact nexus and provides a preliminary framework linking forests to wellbeing by highlighting key variables a ecting this relationship. Background and Objectives: Existing literature reveals the psychological, physiological and social wellbeing benefits of contact with forest ecosystems; however, the role of forests in this relationship remains largely unexplored. The objectives of this review are twofold: (i) to provide an overview of the contributions of forest experiences to human wellbeing and the related interplay with forest ecosystems and (ii) to identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and systematize information available for forest managers and planners to support the development of e ective forest-based initiatives. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was performed with a five-phase method integrating a systematic approach on Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases and snowball search. Studies were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. Results: Overall, 93 papers were included in the review. These are mainly from health-related sciences providing limited information for forest managers, planners and practitioners. Four main underlying variables of the forest-wellbeing relationship are identified: interaction, forest features, sensorial dimension of the forest and individual traits and reactions. Conclusions: Forest-based initiatives provide good opportunities for supporting public health and time spent in contact with forests seems to have a “health-bonus”. Whether and to what extent forest management can contribute to this is still poorly investigated. There is the need to better study causal relationships between specific forest features, type of interactions, frequency and “dose” of experiences, individual reactions and needs and wellbeing e ects to maximize benefits from forest-based initiatives.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Antibody-Based Immunotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma
Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer and is associated with the highest mortality. Where melanoma is mostly unresponsive to conventional therapies (e.g., chemotherapy), BRAF inhibitor treatment has shown improved therapeutic outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on a light-activated compound to produce death-inducing amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Their capacity to selectively accumulate in tumor cells has been confirmed in melanoma treatment with some encouraging results. However, this treatment approach has not reached clinical fruition for melanoma due to major limitations associated with the development of resistance and subsequent side effects. These adverse effects might be bypassed by immunotherapy in the form of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) relying on the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to target specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and to be used as carriers to specifically deliver cytotoxic warheads into corresponding tumor cells. Of late, the continued refinement of ADC therapeutic efficacy has given rise to photoimmunotherapy (PIT) (a light-sensitive compound conjugated to mAbs), which by virtue of requiring light activation only exerts its toxic effect on light-irradiated cells.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Palliative Care
For EAPC, palliative care is the active, total care to improve the quality of life of patients, whose disease is unresponsive to curative treatment. It takes a holistic approach, addressing physical, psychosocial and spiritual care, including the treatment of pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is interdisciplinary in its approach and encompasses the care of the patient and their family and should be available in any location including hospital, hospice and community. 
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Werner Syndrome
Werner syndrome is characterized by the dramatic, rapid appearance of features associated with normal aging.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency causes severe obesity that begins at an early age. In addition to obesity, people with this condition have low levels of a hormone known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and tend to have red hair and pale skin.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Naringenin
Naringenin, a natural flavanone, was first identified from extracts of the dormant peach (Prunus persica) flower buds, with the chemical name of 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavanone.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TTR Gene
Transthyretin
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Productions and Utilizations
The usage of lignocellulosic biomass in energy production for biofuels and other value-added products can extensively decrease the carbon footprint of current and future energy sectors. Therefore, productions and utilization of "Lignocellulolytic Enzymes" are instrumental to achieve this goal.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Plant miRNAs in Disease Resistance
It has become clear that microRNAs, a class of short single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-translational level, play a crucial role in coordinating plant-pathogen interactions. Specifically, miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of phytohormone signals, reactive oxygen species, and NBS-LRR gene expression, thereby modulating the arms race between hosts and pathogens. Adding another level of complexity, it has recently been shown that specific lncRNAs (ceRNAs) can act as decoys that interact with and modulate the activity of miRNAs. 
  • 1.2K
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to periods of regular times with a very restricted or no caloric intake, that is, periods of voluntary abstinence from food and liquid intake: methods of energy deprivation.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Biomass Supply Chains in Post-COVID-19 Recovery
Researchers investigates how biomass supply chains (BSChs) for bioenergy within the broader bioeconomy could contribute to the post-COVID-19 recovery in three dimensions: boosting economic growth, creating jobs, and building more resilient and cleaner energy systems in four future scenarios, in the short term (by 2023) and long term (by 2030).
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
The Pioneers of Carotenoid Chemistry: László Zechmeister
László Zechmeister, one of the most important pioneers of carotenoid chemistry, died 50 years ago. He founded a carotenoid research group in Pécs (Hungary), which is the only place in the world where carotenoid research has been conducted continuously over the past 95 years.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Health and Digital Technologies
New technologies are supported by the global implementation of the internet. These improvements have deeply affected various disciplines of sciences and consequently changed services such as daily business, particularly health sectors. Innovative digital marketing strategies utilize the channels of social media and retrieved user data to analyze and improve relevant services. These multidisciplinary innovations can assist specialists, physicians and researchers in diagnostic, prophylaxis and treatment issues in the health sector.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Robotic Process Automation in Beef Supply Chains
The beef supply chain is large and expanded and has a complex supply chain system which makes it challenging. Technological adoptions such as Robotic Process Automation allow beef supply chains to enhance their operational efficiency and speed up the production line to meet consumer demands. The beef industry has relied heavily on the human workforce in the past; however, RPA adoption allows automating tasks that are repetitive and strenuous in nature to enhance beef quality, safety and security. Successful RPA adoption allows managers, decision-makers and stakeholders to enjoy RPA's full potential and promising benefits which are social, strategic and economical. This enables beef supply chains to produce safer and high-quality beef with less processing time, energy and costs. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Marine Economics and Resources
Along with scientific and technological developments and the increasing scope of human activities, the importance of marine resources, the marine environment, marine space, and strategies regarding marine management have been gradually realized by countries worldwide. Due to their ecological and economic value, marine resources have always been, and remain, a dynamic force for human survival and development, and the value the ocean generates continues to increase. Marine research includes a combination of economic, social, and ecological elements. When exploiting and utilizing marine resources, people must not only consider economic objectives but also evaluate how that exploitation and utilization influences the local natural environment. Moreover, influences on society, the economy, and the environment after resource exploitation should also be preliminarily evaluated.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Role of Culture, Diet, Genetics in Gout Management
Gout is a metabolic disorder, and one of the most common inflammatory arthritic conditions, caused by elevated serum urate (SU). Gout prevalence is globally rising, partly due to global dietary changes and the growing older adult population. Gout was known to affect people of high socioeconomic status. Currently, gout disproportionately affects specific population subgroups that share distinct racial and ethnic backgrounds. While genetics may predict SU levels, nongenetic factors, including diet, cultural traditions, and social determinants of health (SDOH), need to be evaluated to optimize patient treatment outcomes. A cultural assessment may inform the development of culturally tailored dietary recommendations for patients with gout. Causal and association studies investigating the interaction between diet, genetics, and gout, should be cautiously interpreted due to the lack of reproducibility in different racial groups. Optimal gout management could benefit from a multidisciplinary approach, involving pharmacists and nurses.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase Inhibitors
Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of ADP-ribose to target proteins, functioning in fundamental cellular processes including transcription, chromatin remodelling and DNA repair. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) including olaparib, niraparib and rucaparib are approved for the clinical management of women with ovarian cancer.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2022
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