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Topic Review
Social Sustainable Urban Air Mobility in Europe
The first step to steer passenger Urban Air Mobility (pUAM) towards the necessity of sustainability is to understand its impact on urban transportation systems. The introduction of pUAM will have a rather negative impact on the social sustainability assessment of European urban mobility systems. The short- to mid-term affordability of pUAM for broad parts of the population cannot be expected without public subsidies. For this engagement, however, local community must first demand clear prospects for added value. Similarly, the overall inclusivity evaluation of urban transportation systems must be expected to decline if planning authorities will not demand certain standards for mobility-impaired groups. Vertiport operation in already developed urban locations might not improve accessibility, however, cross-financed and open access mobility hubs in suburbs and rural areas might include pUAM and thus contribute positively to the access indicator. A high level of satisfaction with pUAM among the public is not expected due to target-group specific business modelling. Last but not least, an impairment of the overall quality of urban public spaces is likely but might be minimised through the allocation of legal competences for urban airspace planning and civil society participation on the local level.
  • 558
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Theories of Transformation of Society
To investigate and create theories of socio-economic dynamics has always been relevant for professionals in theoretical and applied economics. These theories are urgent in periods of global and catastrophic events since, on the one hand, they can explain the emergence of critical structural changes in society, and on the other hand, they can determine the likelihood of surviving of crisis processes. However, there are some drawbacks involved therein, and the poor ability to predict unexpected and shocking events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is a key one. 
  • 558
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Data Centre Industry
The data centre industry (DCI) has grown from zero in the 1980s, to enabling 60% of the global population to be connected in 2021 via 7.2 million data centres. The DCI is based on a linear economy and there is an urgent need to transform to a Circular Economy to establish a secure supply chain and ensure an economically stable and uninterrupted service, which is particularly difficult in an industry that is comprised of ten insular subsectors.
  • 557
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Energy Prices in Russia
Crude oil and natural gas are crucial to the Russian economy. Even though Russia is a crucial player in both the natural gas and the crude oil markets, there is higher co-movement of the economic policy uncertainty with gas price than oil price. This demonstrates the importance of natural gas in the Russian economy. Russia is the highest exporter of natural gas and second-largest producer; hence, it is plausible that the natural gas price correlates more closely with economic policy uncertainty than the crude oil price. It is important to add that the correlations between gas price and economic policy uncertainty and the correlation between crude oil price and economic policy uncertainty have similar patterns. Each declined in almost the same period and, equally, increased concurrently. Additionally, significant global events and crises, such as the global financial crisis, the Russian financial crisis, the 9/11 terrorist attack, and the Russo–Ukrainian war, have an influence on the interconnections between the energy prices and Russian economic policy uncertainty. Several policy prescriptions for the Russian energy markets and their diverse responses to their volatility or the dwindling oil price should be pursued by appropriate quarters to stabilize both energy prices and minimize economic policies accordingly.
  • 551
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Business Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility
The COVID-19 pandemic is without question posing a generation-defining challenge for public health and the global economy. Moreover, the pandemic has revived some old and introduced many new threats that today’s business leaders will have to face in the years to come. Despite the fact that the COVID-19 crisis was a humanitarian tragedy that continues to ravage millions of lives, it can also be viewed as an excellent opportunity to restart sustainable economic development as well as to help our business and economy to shift towards real business corporate social responsibility and ethical decision-making (thanks to the reduction in carbon emissions as a result of reduced economic activity and travel, increasing investments into healthcare and education, or finding the new ways for working and learning, such as remote work and online education).
  • 551
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Exploring Trend of Commodity Prices
As the supply of commodities forms essential lifelines for modern society, commodity price fluctuations can significantly impact the operation and sustainable development of macroeconomics, production activities, and people’s security and well-being. The commodity trading market also plays a pivotal role in the competition of the international industrial chain and the sustainable development of the industry. 
  • 550
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Circular Economy Implementation
The circular economy, as a promising response to sustainability issues, is a crucible for carefully designed ecofriendly actions and integrative mechanisms in enterprises, households, and societies for the attainment of the desired outcomes. It is in this context that CE strategies are examined, with the use of metrics, indicators, and standards. The desired outcomes of the CE are well embedded and articulated in the sustainable development goals that the UN and its member countries have vowed to achieve along a designated timeline.
  • 549
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Household Consumption Expenditure
Household consumption expenditure is an important measure of economic activity as it reflects the spending behavior of households and their purchasing power. The measurement of household consumption expenditure is critical for analyzing economic growth, inflation, and overall economic performance. In order to create budgets and financial plans, it is necessary to know and understand the relationship between the size of households in terms of the number of members, the number of children, and their consumption needs. 
  • 548
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Urbanisation on Green Growth within Sustainable Development Goals
Urbanisation enhances dissemination of the green knowledge and innovative technologies, bridging gaps in living conditions and making services (health, digital, etc.) available and affordable.
  • 546
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Bibliometric Mapping of Cost-Benefit Analysis
Over time, the cost-benefit analysis has become a method that helps to clarify the pros and cons in many areas of human activity where both investment and non-investment projects are implemented. In researching for this article, we aimed to map the current state of publishing activities in the field of cost-benefit analysis and in order to accomplish this, four research questions had to be determined. 
  • 539
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Crowdsourcing Air Forwarders
Not yet commonly known or used by the totality of sectors, crowdsourcing has shown its huge potential in various projects and tasks usually processed by computers.Crowdsourcing focuses on “taking and outsourcing a job, previously done by a designated agent, to an undefined and large number of people via an open call”. Crowdsourcing could be seen as a conflation of the terms “knowledge of crowds” and “outsourcing”. Each crowd member can complete and be assigned a project. They get paid for their work. Crowdsourcing forms a very appealing project completion method for both enterprises and crowd workers, thus leading to development of the most known crowdsourcing platforms and service providers. The need for businesses to adapt to service model performing ridesharing same-day delivery services is a phenomenon known as “Crowdsourced Logistics”.
  • 537
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Reducing Inequalities within and among EU Countries
Reducing inequalities within and among countries is one of the main tenets of the sustainable development paradigm and has become an important pillar at the European Union level. By adopting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, EU countries have committed themselves to meeting targets against which progress in reducing inequalities can be measured. Through the present research, it can analyze and assess the extent to which EU countries will achieve the specific SDG 10 targets. Based on data published by Eurostat for the period 2010-2020, it can forecast the trends of the indicators until the year 2030, using a model based on AAA (Holt-Winters) version of the exponential smoothing (ETS), to assess the degree to which the assumed targets will be reached. For more detailed information, dynamic indices were used to analyze the dynamics of the progress achieved. The results showed that it is difficult to clearly distinguish one or more countries as part of a group of high or low performers in terms of the efforts made and the effects achieved in reducing inequalities. However, it can be mentioned that Poland as a good and very good performer on most of the indicators analyzed. At the opposite, Bulgaria and Greece, for which more attention and involvement is needed in adopting measures to correct the negative trends forecast.
  • 537
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Competition (Companies)
Company competition, or competitiveness, pertains to the ability and performance of a firm, sub-sector or country to sell and supply goods and services in a given market, in relation to the ability and performance of other firms, sub-sectors or countries in the same market. It involves one company trying to figure out how to take away market share from another company.
  • 536
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
High-Speed Railway and the M&A Behavior
High-speed railway (HSR) shortens the spatial and temporal distance between regions and has a profound impact on regional economy and enterprise decision-making. The opening of HSR promotes the M&A activities of listed companies, and the opening of non-intercity HSR has a more obvious effect on the promotion of M&A decisions of enterprises. 
  • 531
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Prosumer
In recent years, the concept of the prosumer has garnered extensive attention across various fields, including marketing, energy consumption, and innovation research. This attention is driven by the significant role prosumers play in developing more efficient, sustainable, and health-conscious market systems, propelled by advancements in social and technological domains. Broadly defined, a prosumer is an individual who acts as both a producer and a consumer. Originally coined by Toffler in the 1980s, the term describes individuals who blur the lines between producers and consumers by engaging in the creation of value for their own use or for others. Prosumers are seen as external partners who participate in co-creation processes with organizations, contributing to innovative outcomes and the production of the products and services they consume. The concept of the prosumer, individuals who simultaneously act as producers and consumers, has gained significant attention across various sectors. This entry explores the evolving role and impact of prosumers on sustainability, innovation, and market dynamics. A comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis were conducted to understand prosumer behavior and contributions. The findings reveal that the prosumers’ roles range from significantly enhancing sustainability by generating renewable energy to promoting personalized education via teacher–prosumer models. They also drive technological advancements in fields such as 3D printing and cryptocurrency. The study concludes that prosumers have the potential to foster a more resilient and inclusive economy, although challenges such as regulatory barriers and technological dependencies must be addressed to fully leverage their contributions.
  • 529
  • 06 Sep 2024
Topic Review
Regional Resilience in the Southern African Development Community
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its member countries are potentially vulnerable to external disturbances, including environmental, economic, and social shocks. Regional policy emphasizes interventions to ensure long-term growth and development in the face of potential disturbance. It is important to investigate the extent to which existing research supports regional resilience policymaking. Objectives include investigating available research on resilience in the SADC, identifying potential limitations, and delineating areas of future research to be considered by researchers that contribute to knowledge and evidence creation. 
  • 528
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Investment
Interconnected infrastructure is an essential foundation for sustainable economic development. As China’s economy enters the new normal, the contradiction between the continuously growing demand for public goods represented by infrastructure and the insufficient supply efficiency and quality of single government-led investment mode under downward economic pressure and fiscal constraints has profoundly changed the supply and investment mode of infrastructure. Public–private partnership (PPP) has become the most important means of investing in infrastructure. PPP, an innovative mode of infrastructure investment, has been widely applied in China and has become an essential policy tool with which to promote sustainable economic development.
  • 527
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Non-Renewable Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Policymakers and environmental scientists have proposed numerous measures toward achieving a sustainable environment. Some of these measures include the efficient use of energy and a scaling up of clean energy transition.
  • 527
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Economic Recovery Post Natural Disaster with Insurance
Insurance as a form of disaster risk management has developed continually throughout the world. Disaster insurance has also received good responses from communities and governments, as indicated by the demand for disaster insurance both by the community (individuals) and by governments in the form of national disaster insurance.
  • 520
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Spatial Convergence of Carbon Productivity
China’s provincial carbon productivity has conditional convergence and club convergence characteristics. The convergence speed of dynamic panel regression estimation is greater than that of cross-sectional regression. The convergence rate of dynamic spatial panel regression estimation is faster depending on the spatial spillover difference between the two technologies. In the early stage, the provincial spatial dependence of China’s carbon productivity is mainly knowledge spillover, and the convergence rate is lower than that of the closed economy. Over the past decade, the spatial spillover, dominated by low-carbon technology diffusion, has become the dominant force. The convergence rate is significantly faster than that of a non-spatial-dependent economy. In addition, the mechanism test found that the development of energy efficiency dominates the spatial transfer of technology, so the overall convergence of carbon productivity in China mainly comes from the apparent convergence of energy efficiency in provinces and cities. The conclusion provides a new reference for the emission reduction actions of countries worldwide because the spatial knowledge spillover carried by capital flows is not conducive to the pursuit of carbon productivity in less developed regions. On the contrary, the dissemination and diffusion of low-carbon technologies can significantly reduce carbon equivalent input in the production process, accelerating the pursuit of developing countries or regions. 
  • 516
  • 28 Apr 2022
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