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Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides as a Solution for Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is the result of various environmental, bacterial and genetic stimuli, which culminate in the disruption of the skin’s barrier function. Characterized by highly pruritic skin lesions, xerosis and an array of comorbidities among which skin infections are the most common, this condition results in both a significant loss of quality of life and in the need for life-long treatments (e.g., corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies and regular antibiotic intake), all of which may have harmful secondary effects. This, in conjunction with AD’s rising prevalence, made the development of alternative treatment strategies the focus of both the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Given their potential to both manage the skin microbiome, fight infections and even modulate the local immune response, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from more diverse origins has become one of the most promising alternative solutions for AD management, with some being already used with some success towards this end.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Phage Display Technology in Monoclonal Antibody Production
The groundbreaking work of John McCafferty and Sir Gregory Winter in developing phage display technology revolutionized the discovery of human antibodies, paving the way for diverse applications. Since then, numerous phage-derived antibodies have been successfully developed and advanced into clinical studies, resulting in the approval of more than a dozen therapeutic antibodies. These antibodies have demonstrated efficacy across a spectrum of medical conditions, ranging from autoimmune diseases to various cancers.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Technological Innovations in In Situ Leaching
Uranium, a cornerstone for nuclear energy, facilitates a clean and efficient energy conversion. In the era of global clean energy initiatives, uranium resources have emerged as a vital component for achieving sustainability and clean power. To fulfill the escalating demand for clean energy, continual advancements in uranium mining technologies are imperative. Currently, established uranium mining methods encompass open-pit mining, underground mining, and in situ leaching (ISL). Notably, in situ leaching stands out due to its environmental friendliness, efficient extraction, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, it unlocks the potential of extracting uranium from previously challenging low-grade sandstone-hosted deposits, presenting novel opportunities for uranium mining.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Competitive Exclusion of Aspergillus flavus
The pre-harvest biocontrol approach currently used includes laboratory inoculations using non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. This strategy effectively suppresses the indigenous aflatoxigenic strains and reduces aflatoxin accumulation in sweetcorn.  The reduction in AFB1 with population expressions of AF+ strains by the AF− strains and supports the notion of competitive exclusion through vigorous development and propagation of the non-aflatoxigenic fungi. 
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sea Buckthorn Fruit Utilization
Sea buckthorn fruit is abundant with essential nutrients and bioactive substances, yet it remains less sought after. Therefore, it is valuable to explore new ways of sea buckthorn fruit processing, which can boost consumer acceptance of sea buckthorn fruit and also lead to formulation of novel functional foods. A part of this process is the development of foods utilizing sea buckthorn fruit or its components and bacterial food cultures. These products are characterised by improved sensory properties, enhanced antioxidant activity and increased probiotics viability. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
EAPCRN
The East Asian Primary Care Research Network (EAPCRN), initially proposed by Professor Jae-Ho Lee who is the Chairman of the Korean Primary Care Research Group, was officially established during the 22nd World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) World Conference – "Primary Care in the Future: Professional Excellence" during 17-21 October 2018 in Seoul, South Korea. The EAPCRN inauguration seminar at WONCA Seoul 2018 was convened by Jae-Ho Lee (Korean Primary Care Research Group; The Catholic University of Korea) and co-convened by Harry H.X. Wang (Sun Yat-Sen University), Takuya Aoki (Kyoto University), and Chyi-Feng Jan (National Taiwan University).
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
RAS Dysregulation and COVID-19
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a critical agent responsible for the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The most harmful clinical feature of COVID-19 patients is the upper airway infection leading to severe pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The critical functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which belongs to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in humans. ACE2 is part of the non-classical RAS axis that counteract the harmful actions of the classical RAS axis. The balance of the classical ad non-classical RAS could be altered in COVID-19 patients.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Feingold Syndrome
Feingold syndrome is a disorder that affects many parts of the body. There are two types of Feingold syndrome, distinguished by their genetic cause; both types have similar features that can vary among affected individuals.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
A considerable endeavor had taken place in order to understand the associated challenges for children and adolescents with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) but also in order to describe the necessary skills and approaches that the care givers have to develop to assist both children and parents.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Feb 2021
Topic Review
HGPPS
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a disorder that affects vision and also causes an abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis). People with this condition are unable to move their eyes side-to-side (horizontally). As a result, affected individuals must turn their head instead of moving their eyes to track moving objects. Up-and-down (vertical) eye movements are typically normal.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Genetic Abnormalities in Pancreatitis
Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) has been defined as either two or more individuals within a family exhibiting pancreatitis for two or more generations, or pancreatitis linked to mutation of the PRSS1 gene. In 2000, a mutation in the serine protease inhibitor gene (Kazal type 1: SPINK1) was reported to be related to sporadic pancreatitis of unknown etiology.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
The Zinc-Sensing Receptor GPR39
GPR39, also known as ZnR (zinc sensing receptor), is a member of a large family A of 7-transmembrane (7-TM) containing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
  • 1.3K
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Autonomous Vehicles and Urban Transport
Autonomous driving is a technological innovation that involves the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the automotive area, representing the future of transport and whose applications will influence the concept of driving and many other features of modern society. Indeed, the introduction of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on the market, along with the development of related technologies, will have a potential impact not only on the automotive industry but also on urban transport systems. New mobility-related businesses will emerge, whereas existing ones will have to adapt to changes. 
  • 1.3K
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum species (common mullein) have been widely used in Spanish folk medicine to treat pathologies related to the musculature, skeleton, and circulatory, digestive, and respiratory systems, as well as to treat infectious diseases and organ-sense illnesses.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Graphene Based Materials and Their Antimicrobial Properties
Graphene-based materials are found as excellent resources and employed as efficient anti-microbial agents, and they have been receiving significant attention from scientists and researchers in this regard.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Food Security in Ghanaian Urban Cities
Urbanisation in Ghana could be negatively impacting the state of food security, especially in economically vulnerable groups. Food supply, safety, and quality are all aspects of food security which could be impacted.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Digitization in the Design and Construction Industry
The digitization of services in various fields is a trend that can be observed over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically accelerated this trend. Many industries that previously offered services that previously seemed impossible to provide digitally had to try to transform their activities and adapt them to the conditions of the pandemic. Many industries that previously offered services that seemed impossible to provide digitally had try to transform their activities and adapt them to the conditions of the pandemic.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Oral Microbiota in Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Children
The perturbation of the diversity and proportions of species within the oral microbiota leads to dysbiosis and associated increased risk of local and systemic diseases. In children who receive chemotherapy for cancer, oral mucositis is a common and painful side effect that decreases quality of life (QoL) and treatment adherence. The oral microbiota undergoes a substantial dysbiosis as an effect of cancer and its treatment, characterized by lower richness and less diversity. Furthermore, this dysbiosis seems to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine release and pro-apoptotic mediators, enhancing the oral tissue damage. Further studies on the role of the oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of oral mucositis should be performed among children with cancer who receive chemotherapy, to find preventive and protective factors against the pathogenesis of oral mucositis.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Direct Synthesis of Functionalized Azahelicenes
As azahelicenes are helicenes bearing one or more nitrogen atom(s) in the molecular framework, parent azahelicenes can be functionalized on carbon atoms by exploiting the presence of the electron-withdrawing nitrogen atom. Moreover, they can be transformed into quaternary salts, whose properties are quite different from those of the parent azahelicenes in terms of the solubility and electronic properties. The synthesis of helicenes can be obtained following different strategies, namely (a) oxidative photocyclization, (b) Diels–Alder reactions, (c) Friedel–Crafts reactions, and (d) metal-mediated reactions. Strategies (a) and (d) have been mainly used to obtain the direct synthesis of functionalized azahelicenes by using appropriate starting materials, bearing functional side substituents compatible with the reaction to be performed.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Waste Biorefineries
Sustainable biofuel production is the most effective way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels while preserving food security and land use. In addition to producing bioenergy, waste biorefineries can be incorporated into the waste management system to solve the future challenges of waste disposal. Biomass waste, on the other hand, is regarded as a low-quality biorefinery feedstock with a wide range of compositions and seasonal variability. In light of these factors, biomass waste presents limitations on the conversion technologies available for value addition, and therefore more research is needed to enhance the profitability of waste biorefineries. Perhaps, to keep waste biorefineries economically and environmentally sustainable, bioprocesses need to be integrated to process a wide range of biomass resources and yield a diverse range of bioenergy products.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 May 2022
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