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Topic Review
3D Printing and Biomedical Applications
3D printing is gaining traction in the manufacturing industry, with the benefits of improving productivity and lowering both the cost and number of human-based faults. Given its enormous flexibility and capacity to modify and construct a range of simple to complicated geometries, 3D printing has altered production rates with process automation. 3D printing is swiftly transforming pharmaceutical production to achieve elevated quality therapeutic products with improved process sturdiness in bio-pharmaceutical product evolution, where there is a dependence on medicines manufacturing via conventional manufacturing procedures.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Printing Technologies
The printing of complex structures requires designing tools to design the patterns with the exact dimensional data of the device. In general, the design of the printing pattern is developed by using commercial tools such as computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing tools to build the 3D structure of any complex structure which are essential for feeding the printing machine. The printing of conductive layers can be obtained by using various printing techniques such as (a) inkjet printing, (b) aerosol printing, (c) filamentary printing, (d) electrohydrodynamic printing, and (e) UV-light curing-based printing.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Metal-Based Antimicrobial Agents
Due to increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, surface coatings of medical devices with antimicrobial agents have come to the fore. These surface coatings on medical devices were basically thin coatings that delaminated from the medical devices due to the fluid environment and the biomechanical activities associated with inservice implants. The conventional methods of manufacturing have been used to alloy metal-based antimicrobial (MBA) agents such as Cu with Ti6Al4V to enhance its antibacterial properties but failed to produce intricate shapes. Additive manufacturing technology, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), could be used to produce the Ti6Al4V–xCu alloy with intricate shapes to enhance osseointegration, but have not been successful for texturing the surfaces of the Ti6Al4V–xCu samples at the nanoscale.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Electrical Discharge Machining for Surface Engineering of Biomaterials
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a highly precise technology that not only facilitates the machining of components into desired shapes but also enables the alteration of the physical and chemical properties of workpieces. The complexity of the process is due to a number of regulating factors such as the material of the workpiece and tools, dielectric medium, and other process parameters. Based on the material type, electrode shape, and process configuration, various shapes and degrees of accuracy can be generated. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Biocompatible and Biodegradable 3D Printing from Bioplastics
Three types of bioplastics are distinguished: Biodegradable bioplastics made from biobased materials. Examples include poly (lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS); Biodegradable bioplastics made from petrochemical resources. Examples include Poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) and polycaprolactone (PCL); Non-biodegradable or partially biodegradable bioplastics from biobased monomers and bioderived technical polymers. Examples are bioPE, bioPET, bioPP, and poly-trimethylene terephthalate (bioPTT).
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
AI-Based Surface Roughness Prediction for Additively Manufactured Components
Additive manufacturing has gained significant popularity from a manufacturing perspective due to its potential for improving production efficiency. However, ensuring consistent product quality within predetermined equipment, cost, and time constraints remains a persistent challenge. Surface roughness, a crucial quality parameter, presents difficulties in meeting the required standards, posing significant challenges in industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical devices, energy, optics, and electronics manufacturing, where surface quality directly impacts performance and functionality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the methods used by researchers to predict the surface quality of additively fabricated parts. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Metal Additive Manufacturing for Electrical Machines
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been growing remarkably due to the advantages of unmatched flexibility and zero material waste, this clean technology opens the door for new design solutions with greater material efficiency, which are not possible through conventional machining techniques.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
In Situ Sensors Used in the L-PBF Processes
Many factors contribute to the defect generation in parts manufactured using the L-PBF process. Although, optimizing the process parameter is a promising approach to reduce the possibility of defect generation, it is costly to optimize these parameters experimentally, and computationally expensive to use numerical methods to predict defect formation. Therefore, one trending approach is to integrate in situ sensors to monitor the occurrence of these defects online. The most popular sensing strategies for defect detection in the L-PBF process include capturing photonic, electrical, sonic, and thermal signals. Commercial machines have integrated in situ sensors; however, most of them focus on data collection rather than data analysis. This section gives an overview of the most common signal monitoring sensors used in the L-PBF process. These signals can be categorized into visual signals, temperature signals, spectrum signals, and acoustic signals.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Control Panel Design
In today's digital age, control panels are essential for managing systems, devices, and software applications. An effective control panel design is crucial for enhancing user experience, improving efficiency, and ensuring seamless interaction. This guide will delve into the principles and best practices for designing user-friendly control panels.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Approaches Used for the Additive Manufacturing of Polyolefins
Additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing, is the process of building up a three-dimensional (3D) object from computer-aided-design (CAD) models through a layer-by-layer fabrication process. Polyolefins are semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers known for their good mechanical properties, low production cost, and chemical resistance. They are amongst the most commonly used plastics, and many polyolefin grades are regarded as engineering polymers. The two main additive manufacturing techniques that can be used to fabricate 3D-printed parts are fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering. Polyolefins, like polypropylene and polyethylene, can, in principle, be processed with both these techniques. The semi-crystalline nature of polyolefins adds complexity to the use of additive manufacturing methods compared to amorphous polymers. 
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Implementation of Smart Retrofitting
Recovering old machinery, once it reaches its end of life, allows companies to be sustainable. Several strategies are available for this purpose, both from the point of view of hardware and software modifications. Especially in the industrial sector, these strategies are classified as revamping, remanufacturing and retrofitting. Machinery revamping, retrofitting and remanufacturing are all used to improve industrial equipment performance, efficiency and sustainability. Each approach has unique benefits and trade-offs, depending on the specific needs and requirements of the equipment and business. Moreover, according to Industry 4.0 principles, it is also possible to talk about smart retrofitting, involving the integration of various technologies such as sensors, automation systems, Digital Twins, artificial intelligence and data analytics software to control and optimise the operation of the machinery. Digital Twins, in particular, have been widely used among smart retrofit solutions and can integrate several innovative aspects of dated systems. 
  • 1.0K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Global Resources Management
Global resources management intersects with collaboration and Industry 4.0 paradigms, namely for collaboratively managing cyber-physical systems. Only organizations that cooperate with their business partners, along with their suppliers and remaining stakeholders, including their clients, will be able to permit and promote the much-needed endowing of agility, effectiveness, and efficiency in their management processes. For that, suitable decision-making paradigms, along with underlying approaches, will be needed, in order to properly fulfil current companies’ decision requirements and practices. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Anomalies in a Factory of the Future
Production systems are changing in many aspects on the way to a Factory of the Future, including the level of automation and communication between components. Besides all benefits, this evolution raises the amount, effect and type of anomalies and unforeseen behavior to a new level of complexity.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Aluminium Casting Processes
Aluminium castings have been widely used in many industries, including automotive, aerospace, telecommunication, construction, consumer products, etc., due to their lightweight, good electric and thermal conductivity, and electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) shielding properties. There are many aluminium casting processes, including sand casting, shell mould casting, pressure die casting, lost foam casting, permanent mould casting, investment (lost wax) casting, centrifugal casting, squeezing casting, semi-solid casting, continuous casting, etc. Aluminium castings made through different casting processes may have different surface quality, different gas contents, different porosity, different mechanical properties, etc. These different properties of aluminium castings from different casting processes, especially gas content, porosity, and ductility, will affect the weldability/joinability and joint quality.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing
Numerous publications are available in relation to several strategies for Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM). Achieving a very high degree of complexity and detail in a final product has become a possibility that has led to the restructuring and diversification of design ideas. With the additional freedom in the design workspace, there are supplementary design considerations/limitations as well for additively manufactured forms and optimising these provide the best outcome for specific design needs.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Thermoplastics and Photopolymer Desktop 3D Printers
With the advancement of additive manufacturing technologies in their material processing methodologies and variety of material selection, 3D printers are widely used in both academics and industries for various applications. It is no longer rare to have a portable and small desktop 3D printer and manufacture your own designs in a few hours. Desktop 3D printers vary in their functions, prices, materials used, and applications. Among many desktop 3D printers with various features, it is often challenging to select the best one for target applications and usages. In this paper, commercially available and carefully selected thermoplastic and photopolymer desktop 3D printers are introduced, and some representative models’ specifications and performances are compared with each other for user selection with respect to instructional applications.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic-Based Filaments
The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, an extrusion-based 3D printing technology, enables the manufacture of complex geometrical elements. This technology employs diverse materials, including thermoplastic polymers and composites as well as recycled resins to encourage sustainable growth. FDM is used in a variety of industrial fields, including automotive, biomedical, and textiles, as a rapid prototyping method to reduce costs and shorten production time, or to develop items with detailed designs and high precision. 
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Network in Injection Molding
Based on Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing and for the prediction of injection molding quality of automobile bumpers, the deep learning network is proposed that combines artificial neural networks and recognizable performance evaluation methods to better achieve the prediction and control of product quality. A pressure sensor was used to monitor and collect real-time pressure data in the mold cavity of the bumper. The quality indicators reflecting the molding quality were selected, and the correlation between these indicators and the molding quality was evaluated using recognizable performance evaluation methods and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. 
  • 998
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Remote Maintenance Based on Augmented Reality
Equipment maintenance is one of the key elements consisting of manufacturing systems. Under the framework of Industry 4.0 in an attempt to bridge the physical world with virtual worlds, new technologies have emerged, such as Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Virtual Reality (VR).
  • 996
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Thermoelectric-Erosion Based Turning Processes
Nowadays, advanced turning processes such as Thermoelectric erosion turning (TET) and wire-assisted thermoelectric erosion turning (WTET) are extensively being adopted to perform different types of turning operations such as straight turning, taper turning on Hastelloy, Nimonic, and Inconel, stainless steel, and tool steel to fabricate better quality cylindrical and rotating parts such as miniature-bars, miniature-pins, miniature-electrodes, and miniature-tools. 
  • 989
  • 08 Aug 2022
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